Unit 15 Grammar Sa SS RE I TE TEE @ The passive / the causative / direct and indirect objects The passive Form noun + be in the correct form + past participle (+ by/with + noun) Active Passive < They grow bananas in am/is/are + past participle Presentsimple | topical areas. Bananas are grown in topical areas. They are redecorating the | arr/is/are +-ing + past participle Bresentcontlnuous | cat, The caféis being redecorated. L present perfect | Has anyone peeled the has/have + been + past participle simple | carrots? Have the carrots been peeled? ome They served the mealinan | was/were + past participle pe elegant dining room. The meal was served in an elegant dining room. Weasked for coffee while | was/were + ~ing + past participle they were preparing the bill._| We asked for coffee while the bill was being prepared. 2 Someone had eaten all the |has + been + past participle Past perfect simple |rooqby thetimel got there._|Allthe food had been eaten by the time Igot there. TS Wewilldeliver your pizzain | will + be + past participle forty minutes. Your pizza will be delivered in forty minutes. ‘Overweightcustomers are _|is/are going to + be + past participle Begolng fofuture’ | acing tosueBurgertand, _ | Burgerlandls going to be sued by overweight customers. re eter They willhave harvested _| will + have + been + past participle Past continuous ae ‘allthe grapes by the end of | All the grapes will have been harvested by the end of PI ‘September. ‘September. Pa You should brush the chicken | modal + be+ past participle [breast with oil and then fry it.| The chicken breast should be brushed with oil and then fried. modal +perfect | Theyshouldhave delivered | modal + have + been + past participle infinitive the groceries by now. Thearoceries should have been delivered by now. % ‘don't like people teling me |being +past participle peg (oeund) What todoin thekitchen, _| don't ike being told what todo in thekitchen. Use Example When we don't know who does/did something ‘My groceries have been stolen! When it’s obvious who does/did something A boy was arrested in town yesterday for stealing an apple. When it’s not important who does/did something The French bistro is being knocked down. When we wantteemphassenewinformationoruse9 | ry pero asbroughtt Luropeby Sr Walter aligh {© We do not normally use verbs in the passive n the present perfect continuous, past perfect watch o. continuous, future continuous or future perfect continuous tenses. Instead, we use a different phrase. ¢ The restaurant has been under construction for four yours. % 3 Dave has been in training as. chef for three years. x 7 © We only normally use“by to say who did something when itis importantinformation, Margarine was invented by a French chef. The best pizzas are made by the Italians. X Waited Thissteok has been-overcooked by someone. © We usually use with’ when we talk about the thing used to do something, The soup should then be stirred with a spoon, X The soup should then be stirred by spoon— © Some verbs are not normally used in the passive. They include intransitive verbs (without objects) such as appear and die, and some common transitive verbs, such as have, let, ack etc.‘The passive / the causative / direct and indirect objects Unit 15 The impersonal passive ‘To express other people's opinions in a formal style, we can use two special forms of the passive. ‘They can be used with a number of verbs, including: say, believe, think, claim, estimate, etc. Some other verbs (argue, suggest, calculate, etc) are usually used with only the second structure. Form noun + is/are said to + bare infinitive/perfect infinitive itis said that + clause Act Passive People think he is a great chef. amen ee Hels belleved to have been a great che. ete bebieve Re WES 2 GIST Itisbelievedthat he was a great chet. eople claim he hes had aninfluenceon manyother | Hels claimed to have hadan influence on many other chefs. chefs Itisclaimed thathe has had an influence on many other chefs. Hels said to have been making the best cheese in the areafor over People say hehas been making the best cheesein | thirty years. the area for over thirty years. Itissaid that he has been making the best cheese in the area for over thirty years. People estimated tha his restawantwaswort ove _| Histesturant was estimated to be/to have been worth oer $10 $10 milion, It was estimated that his restaurant was worth over $10 million. People have suggested that he is a great chef. Ithas been suggested that he's a great chet The causative Form noun + have/getin the correct form + noun + past participle (+ by/with + noun) Example Ihave my groceries delivered by the supermarket once a week. We are having a new cooker put in tomorrow. To show that someone arranges forsomeone | We hada large wedding cake made. else to do something for them Have you had your kitchen decorated? We are going tohave the food for he party made by a catering company. To refer to an unpleasant situation which hasn't | We had ourherb garden vandalised while we were away. been arranged The Smiths have had theit new microwave stolen, © Using the verb get s usually more informal than using have. yiatel out! ¥ Can you goand get this recipe photocopied for me? © We can also use get somebody todo and have somebody do when we want to refer to the person we arrange to do something for us. ¥, Why don’t you get the chef to prepare you o vegetarian meal? ¥ Why don’t you have the chef prepare you avegetarion meal? Direct and indirect objects ‘Some verbs can be followed by both a direct and an indirect object (usually a person). These verbs include: bring, buy, get, give, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, promise, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, etc. Active Passive We can put the indirect object either immediately ; 5 after the verb or at the end of the sentence with a paling eedetrsetent ecto LAI preposition (for/o, et). or the direct obj e active sentence. A friend gave my sister this cookery book. ‘My sister was given this cookery book by a friend. A Glerd gave ie Cloke y Cook te mae ae This cookery book was given to my sister by afriend, 95Unit 15 Grammar 6 A Choose the correct word or phrase. eVoausuna 9 10 n 2 3 4 15 The prime minister was / has criticised for his recent actions. When | walked past the Wilsons’ house, their new sofa was / has being delivered. Our teacher was / has told us to take our favourite book to school tomorrow. | think my mobile was / has been stolen! Jonathan was / has chosen to play the lead role in the school play. I'm sleeping downstairs because my bedroom is being painted /has been painting. This picture was / has probably taken during the winter. Your essays must be / have handed in on Friday morning. Someone was / has left their wallet on the floor. Did you hear about the bank being / having robbed? Treasure Island was / has written by Robert Louis Stevenson, It was a real shock when my dad was / has fired from his job. The Vikings had visited America before it was / has discovered by Columbus. When we got to the airport, we learned that our flight was / had been delayed. Was / Has your ticket for the concert tomorrow paid for by you or your parents? B Complete using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets. Mausuna TheEarth (hold) by the gravity of the Sun and orbits around it. The first feature-length comedy film svsensnn (€F@at) by Charlie Chaplin. The award for best video (present) later this evening. By the time you read this, | rest) for murder, I don't know whether our tests ° (mark) yet or not. Radio waves - (discover) by Marconi You wouldn't think it to lookat him now, but Jack... wasat school. Your application we've madea decision The roof of the car can Ourten (bully) when he (consider) and we will let you know as soon as (lower) by pressing this button here. (blow) over in the night by the wind. Chess . (play) for around two thousand years now. Twomen (question) at this moment by police in connection with the burglary. C Write sentences in the passive. 1 Ourcar/ service / a mechanic / at the moment. Aman / shoot / an air gun / outside the petrol station last night. Gunpowder/ invent/ the Chinese. At the surgery yesterday, / examine / Dr Peterson / and I/ give / a prescription. | went to see it because I/ tell / it was a good film / all my friends.‘The passive / the causative /direct and indirect objects Unit 15 6 — Thisphotograph / take / my grandfather. 7 Itlooked like the window / break/a hammer / some time before. 8 — Ourdog/ give / an injection / a special syringe / the vet. 9 Thewinning goal in last night’s match / score / Donatello / a brilliant free kick. 10 Yourcheque/ send /last Friday and / should / deliver/ to you tomorrow. D Rewrite using the phrase given. 1 They have been building the new road for a long time now. (under construction) 2 They had been training the horse for the race for over a year. (in training) 3 They have been dicusssing the issue in Parliament. (under discussion) 4 They had been observing the criminal for the past two weeks. (under observation) 5 They have been using this plane for over 25 years now. (in use) 6 —Theyhave been developing the Cyborg D423 robot for over ten years.(in development) E. Rewrite in the passive starting with the words given. 1 People say that Bali is a beautiful island. It . 2 People generally think that life won't be found on Mars. It. 3 _Itis generally said that Christmasis too commercialised, Christmas 7 4 People often argue that prison doesn't work. tt : a nt 5 People have suggested that the school should start to produce a magazine, tea i 6 People say that crocodile tastes like squid. Crocodile... . ses 7 tis said that the Vikings discovered America before Columbus, The Vikings , - 8 People think that heart disease is caused by eating the wrong things. Heart disease .Unit 15 Grammar F Choose the correct answer. 1 we ‘a swimming pool put in this 6 Mumand Dad didn't fancy cooking, so week. ‘we got a pizza 7 A get A. bedelivered 8 are having B. tobe delivered Cc have C delivered D_ have got D deliver 2 Why don't you get a doctor. 7 You should «un. a professional to check your arm? your house for earthquake damage. A tolook A have B looked B_ make C look C take D_ belooking D get 3 My teeth were a little yellow sol 8 Kelly wanted to have a live band .. by the dentist. at her wedding. A. had cleaned them A tobe played B_ have them cleaned B ply was cleaned them C played D_ had them cleaned D_ been playing 4 Stuart's thinking of having 9 Gnwe this summer? A. shaved his head A. get installed air-conditioning B_ his head shaving B get air-conditioning to install Chis head shaved C_ have installed air-conditioning D_ shaved tohis head D_ have air-conditioning installed 5 My sister munu her ear pierced last YO We wanes While we were on holiday. weekend, ‘A were burgled our house A made B had our house burgled B got Chad burgled our house c did D_ got burgled our house D took Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap. 1 Someone has scratched my car on the door! been My CF sn sna 07 the door! 2 Tommy's having an operation right now. being Tommy... sew tight now. 3. HasFiona invited you toher party? been HOVE poeercsns soos Party? 4 Shakespeare probably wrote this play in 1587. written This play... .. Shakespeare in 1587. 5 Thegovernment is considering a new law to ban smoking following new research. considered Anew law to ban smoking .n.- research. 6 —Mymumtold me togo to Megagrocers. sent 1 oi mymum. 7 I didn’t understand a word so | asked my teacher and she explained ittome. got I didn’t understand a word so. .. following new‘The passive / the causative / direct and indirect objects Unit 15 H Find the extra word in each line. Wedding disaster My wedding had been being arranged for months. | knew exactly what | wanted for that special day. had the caterers to give me amenu and have got them to provide me with samples so that | could be sure we would have the best food.! also wanted to have usa string quartet play classical music and | arranged that, too. My dress was been being made specially and | had told the dressmaker put silver thread in it. Finally, the big day got arrived. My dress was being delivered in the morning, but by ten itstill hadn't arrived. They called me and said ithad been being damaged! | was furious! | had my best friend quickly to pop out and get anew dress. had got my lawyer to call to get my money back. Ee ea ee weVanauna 1 Rewrite with the indirect object at the end of the sentence. 1 Mydad got me a great computer game! My dad got a great computer game for me. 2 Davesent Jilla really nice letter. 3 I threw Colin the ball. 4 The waiter offered usa menu. 5 The hotel provides its guests with satellite television. 6 — Mygrandma taught me this song. J Write one word in each gap. It's hard for us to imagine what (1) included in the European diet before America @ . discovered (3) . Columbusin 1492,So many ingredients which today (4) grown all over the world (5) Potatoes, tomatoes, maize and chocolate (6) . all originally imported from the New World. Until then, meals had (7). . prepared using ingredients native to Europe, such as root vegetables. Of course, spices such as pepper (8) sensu been traded and added tofood for centuries. When the potato (9) first introduced, it was surprisingly unpopular. It (10) considered to be poisonous and it took 2 long time to become common. There isa story of Parmentier,a French army officer, who (11) potatoes planted in the royal garden and (12 Marie Antoinette to weara potato flower to make them fashionable. The poor peasants were curious about thenew plants and many ofthem (13)... to be planted in their own gardens. It was the start of French fries! unknown to medieval Europeans. ommanewane StOleN