Version 1
: Received: 10 June 2024 / Approved: 10 June 2024 / Online: 12 June 2024 (14:08:06 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 23 July 2024 / Approved: 23 July 2024 / Online: 24 July 2024 (07:29:42 CEST)
Vida, K.; Kővári, Z.; Leitzinger, M.; Odert, P.; Oláh, K.; Seli, B.; Kriskovics, L.; Greimel, R.; Görgei, A.M. Stellar Flares, Superflares, and Coronal Mass Ejections—Entering the Big Data Era. Universe2024, 10, 313.
Vida, K.; Kővári, Z.; Leitzinger, M.; Odert, P.; Oláh, K.; Seli, B.; Kriskovics, L.; Greimel, R.; Görgei, A.M. Stellar Flares, Superflares, and Coronal Mass Ejections—Entering the Big Data Era. Universe 2024, 10, 313.
Vida, K.; Kővári, Z.; Leitzinger, M.; Odert, P.; Oláh, K.; Seli, B.; Kriskovics, L.; Greimel, R.; Görgei, A.M. Stellar Flares, Superflares, and Coronal Mass Ejections—Entering the Big Data Era. Universe2024, 10, 313.
Vida, K.; Kővári, Z.; Leitzinger, M.; Odert, P.; Oláh, K.; Seli, B.; Kriskovics, L.; Greimel, R.; Görgei, A.M. Stellar Flares, Superflares, and Coronal Mass Ejections—Entering the Big Data Era. Universe 2024, 10, 313.
Abstract
Flares, sometimes accompanied by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are the result of sudden changes in the magnetic field of stars with high energy release through magnetic reconnection, which can be observed across a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to the optical range to X-rays. In our review, we attempt to collect some fundamental new results, which can largely be linked to the Big data era that has arrived due to the expansion of space photometric observations of the last two decades. We list the different types of stars showing flare activity, their observation strategies, and discuss how their main stellar properties relate to the characteristics of the flares (or even CMEs) they emit. Our goal is to focus, without claiming to be complete, on those results that may in one way or another challenge the "standard" flare model based on the solar paradigm.
Keywords
late-type stars; stellar magnetic activity; starspots; stellar flares; superflares; stellar coronal mass ejections
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.