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Non-standard forms of employment
The increase in non-standard forms of employment in the past few decades has been driven by a variety of forces, including demographic shifts, labour market regulations, macroeconomic fluctuations, and technological changes. In some instances, this greater diversity in working arrangements has accommodated such changes and allowed more workers to integrate into the labour market, but it has also posed challenges for working conditions and for performance of companies, as well as for the overall performance of labour markets, economies and societies. While digital labour platforms are a product of technological advances, work on these platforms resembles many long-standing work arrangements, merely with a digital tool service as an intermediary.
Realizing decent work in the platform economy
Fifth item on the agenda of the 113th Session of the International Labour Conference (2025): standard-setting, first discussion
Thematic pages
![icon for the digital labour platform thematic page](/https/www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/styles/cards_3_desktop/public/2024-04/icon-digital-labour.png.webp?itok=MSAY-7zb)
Digital labour platforms
![icon for the working from home thematic page](/https/www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/styles/cards_3_desktop/public/2024-04/icon-work-home.png.webp?itok=yNW9EWLe)
Working from home
![icon for the temporary employment thematic page](/https/www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/styles/cards_3_desktop/public/2024-04/icon-temporary.png.webp?itok=7xBIv3ZD)
Temporary employment
![icon for the Part-time and on-call work thematic page](/https/www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/styles/cards_3_desktop/public/2024-04/icon-part-time.png.webp?itok=9BfUtDBW)
Part-time and on-call work
![icon for the Multi-party employment thematic page](/https/www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/styles/cards_3_desktop/public/2024-04/icon-multiparty.png.webp?itok=_BVhr4ry)
Multi-party employment
![icon for the Disguised employment/Dependent self-employment thematic page](/https/www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/styles/cards_3_desktop/public/2024-04/icon-disguised.png.webp?itok=xuhNsHWc)
Disguised employment / Dependent self-employment
Highlights
![Marcel Crozet/ILO Telephone operators at the Advanced Info Service call centre, Thailand, 2005](/https/www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/styles/multilink_card_desktop/public/2024-04/Marcel%20Crozet_ILO_Asian%20telecom%20worker_e8556.jpg.webp?itok=6f9UYIR9)
InfoStory
The rising tide of non-standard employment
![Marcel Crozet/ILO Telephone operators at the Advanced Info Service call centre, Thailand, 2005](/https/www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/styles/multilink_card_desktop/public/2024-04/Marcel%20Crozet_ILO_Asian%20telecom%20worker_e8556.jpg.webp?itok=6f9UYIR9)
Explore this InfoStory to find out what the rise of non-standard employment means for workers, employers and societies across the globe.
![Non-Standard Employment around the World image](/https/www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/styles/multilink_card_desktop/public/2024-04/NSE_Map%20cover.PNG.webp?itok=vOoUU4V8)
Report
Non-standard employment around the world: Understanding challenges, shaping prospects
![Non-Standard Employment around the World image](/https/www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/styles/multilink_card_desktop/public/2024-04/NSE_Map%20cover.PNG.webp?itok=vOoUU4V8)
Key-publications
Regulating the use of temporary contracts by enterprises
Firms' demand for temporary labour in developing countries: Necessity or strategy?
Income security in the on-demand economy: Findings and policy lessons from a survey of crowdworkers
The rise of the «just-in-time workforce»: On-demand work, crowdwork and labour protection in the 'gig-economy'
More ILO publications on non-standard forms of employment
Key resources
Legislation across the world
Tripartite meeting of experts on non-standard forms of employment
Contact info
For additional information on the ILO's Non-standard forms of employment topic please contact the Inclusive Labour Markets, Labour Relations and Working Conditions Branch at [email protected]