Haumea
Xaumea (kichik sayyora belgisi 136108 Xaumea ) — Neptun orbitasidan tashqarida joylashgan kichik sayyora. 2004-yilda Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlaridagi Palomar observatoriyasida Kaltekdan Maykl E. Braun boshchiligidagi jamoa tomonidan va shubhali tarzda 2005-yilda Ispaniyadagi Syerra-Nevada observatoriyasida Xose Luis Ortis Moreno boshchiligidagi jamoa tomonidan topilgan, ammo oxirgi da'voga qarshi chiqilgan. 2008-yil 17-sentabrda unga Gavayi koʻpayidhlik ma’budasi boʻlgan Xaumea nomi berildi, Xalqaro Astronomiya Ittifoqi (XAI) tomonidan mitti sayyora boʻlishini kutilgan edi. Nominal hisob-kitoblarga ko'ra, u Erida va Plutondan keyin uchinchi eng katta maʼlum bo'lgan trans-Neptun obyekti boʻldi, ammo eng mos modellashtirishdagi noaniqlik Makemake uchun kattaroq o'lchamlar bilan bir oz mos keladi[20].
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Kashf etilishi | |
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Kashf etilgan | |
Kashf etilgan sanasi |
|
Kichik sayyora tasnifi |
(136108) Xaumea |
Kimning sharafiga nomlangan | Xaumea |
Muqobil nomlari |
Andoza:Mp |
Kichik sayyora turkumi |
|
Mehvar tasnifi[6] | |
Davr 17 December 2020 (JD 2459200.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter 2 | |
Kuzatish yoyi | 65 yil va 291 kun (24033 kun) |
Earliest precovery date | 22-mart 1955 |
Afeliy | 51.585 AU (7.7170 Tm) |
Perigeliy | 34.647 AU (5.1831 Tm) |
Katta yarim oʻqi | 43.116 AU (6.4501 Tm) |
Ekssentrisiteti | 0.19642 |
Orbital davri | 283.12 yr (103,410 days)[4] |
Oʻrtacha orbital tezligi | [ 4.531 km/smanba kerak] |
Oʻrtacha anomaliya | 218.205° |
Oʻrtacha harakat | Andoza:Deg2DMS / day |
Chekinish | 28.2137° |
Orbital tugun uzunligi | 122.167° |
Perigeliy vaqti |
≈ 1 June 2133[5] ±2 days |
Perigeliy argumenti | 239.041° |
Tabiiy yoʻldoshlari soni | 2 (Hiʻiaka and Namaka) and ring |
Fizik tasnifi | |
Oʻlchamlari | |
Oʻrtacha radiusi | |
Yuzasi | ≈ ×106 km2 8.14[nb 1][9] |
Hajmi |
≈ ×109 km3 1.98[nb 1][10] Earths 0.0018 |
Massasi |
±0.040)×1021 kg (4.006[11] 66 Earths 0.000 |
Zichlik | |
Erkin tushish tezlanishi (ekvatorda) | ≈ Andoza:Gr m/s2 |
Ikkinchi kosmik tezlik | ≈ Andoza:V2 km/s |
Siderik sutka |
341±0.000005 h 3.915[12] (139208 d) 0.163 |
Rektassenziya (Shimoliy qutb uchun) | ±1.1° 282.6°[13] |
Deklinatsiya (Shimoliy qutb uchun) | ±1.3° or −13.0°±1.2° −11.8°[13] |
Albedo | |
Harorat | < 50 K[15] |
Spektral turi |
|
Koʻrinma yulduz kattaligi | 17.3 (opposition)[18][19] |
Mutlaq yulduz kattaligi (H) | ±0.011 ( 0.428V-band) [12] · 0.2[4] |
Xaumea massasi Plutonnikidan uch karra, Yernikidan esa massasining 1400 marta kichik. Uning shakli to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kuzatilmagan bo'lsa-da, yorug'lik egri chizig'i bo'yicha hisob-kitoblar uning Yakobi ellipsoidi (agar u mitti sayyora bo'lganida qanday bo'lar edi), katta o'qi kichik o'qidan ikki baravar uzun ekanligiga mos keladi. 2017-yil oktabr oyida astronomlar Xaumea atrofida halqa tizimi topilganligini e'lon qilishdi, bu trans-Neptun obyekti uchun kashf etilgan birinchi halqa tizimini ifodalaydi. Xaumea tortishish kuchi yaqin vaqtgacha uning gidrostatik muvozanatga kelishi uchun yetarli deb hisoblangan, ammo hozir bu aniq emas. Xaumeaning cho'ziq shakli va tez aylanishi, halqalari va baland albedosi ulkan to'qnashuvning oqibati boʻlib, bu Xaumea bir nechta yirik trans-Neptun obyektlarini va Xaumeaning ikki yo'ldoshi Xiʻiaka va Namakani o'z ichiga olgan to'qnashuv oilasining eng katta a'zosi bo'ldi.
Manbalar
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- ↑ „Ellipsoid surface area: 8.13712×10^6 km2“. wolframalpha.com (2019-yil 20-dekabr). 2020-yil 25-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 20-dekabr.
- ↑ „Ellipsoid volume: 1.98395×10^9 km3“. wolframalpha.com (2019-yil 20-dekabr). 2020-yil 25-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 20-dekabr.
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- ↑ Ortiz, J. L.; Sicardy, B.; Braga-Ribas, F.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; Lellouch, E.; Duffard, R.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Ivanov, V. D. et al. (2012). "Albedo and atmospheric constraints of dwarf planet Makemake from a stellar occultation". Nature 491 (7425): 566–569. doi:10.1038/nature11597. PMID 23172214. Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208231950/https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/142198. Qaraldi: 2021-05-25.Haumea]]
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