Risk level

Safety and security

Security situation

Despite truce agreements, the security situation in Yemen remains highly unstable and unpredictable due to the ongoing civil war that started in 2014. The state of emergency declared in March 2011 remains in effect.

Armed terrorist and criminal groups are still active in many parts of the country, particularly in the south.

The humanitarian situation remains extremely precarious in the country due to several years of armed clashes between rebels and a coalition led by neighboring countries that conducted airstrikes on territories held by rebels in western and northern Yemen. The conflict led to the displacement of millions of people and significant disruptions to the availability of essential services and goods such as:

• food
• water
• medical supplies
• power distribution
• health care
• sanitation

There is severe damage to critical infrastructure, including hospitals.

The Government of Canada has urged Canadians to leave Yemen since May 2009 and continues to advise against all travel to Yemen. Commercial means to leave the country are extremely limited. If the armed conflict intensifies it could impact your ability to depart the country by commercial means.

Your safety continues to be at risk in Yemen due to war, terrorism, and kidnapping. The Government of Canada’s ability to provide consular assistance and other support in Yemen is extremely limited.

Do not travel to Yemen. If you choose to travel to Yemen, or remain in the country, despite this advisory:

• seek safe shelter and remain there until you can identify safe means to exit
• maintain emergency provisions such as water and food
• exercise extreme caution at all times
• always be aware of your surroundings
• keep in mind that you are responsible for your own safety and that of your family
• ensure that your travel documents are up-to-date
• monitor local and international media to stay informed of the situation

Regional conflicts

Since November 2023, rebels regularly conduct attacks against commercial vessels in the Red Sea with drones and missiles. In response, since January 2024, a US-led coalition has conducted air strikes on rebel-controlled positions in western and northern Yemen, including the cities of Hajjah, Taiz, Hodeidah and Sanaa.

During the civil war between rebels and government forces, armed rebels in Yemen have targeted neighbouring countries, such as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, in retaliation for their involvement in the war in Yemen. The April 2022 truce significantly reduced the violence in the country and in the region, but there is still no agreement to end the civil war. There is a continued risk of internal armed conflict and a heightened risk of attacks targeting western interests in Yemen and in the region. 

Due to security risks, the Government of Canada cannot provide assistance to citizens trying to leave Yemen by land to Saudi Arabia.

Terrorism

There is a high threat of terrorism. Terrorists have targeted Western interests and Yemeni government buildings. Terrorist groups also target checkpoints manned by the Houthi rebel group in Sanaa and elsewhere in the country, and target Houthis in general.

Terrorist attacks could occur at any time.

Other targets could include:

• government buildings, including schools
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks
• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places. Exercise extreme caution, particularly in areas known to be frequented by foreigners.

Be particularly vigilant during:

• religious holidays
• public celebrations
• major political events, such as elections

Terrorists may use such occasions to mount attacks.

Exercise extreme caution, particularly in areas known to be frequented by foreigners.

Kidnapping

There is a high risk of kidnapping, especially on the highway connecting the cities of Sanaa, Ta’izz and Aden. Foreigners have been targeted. Some hostages have been killed.

• Be extremely vigilant at all times
• Avoid travelling on the Sanaa– Ta’izz –Aden highway
• Use varied and unpredictable travel routes and schedules

Demonstrations and civil unrest

Demonstrations take place frequently due to the ongoing conflict throughout the country.

Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Landmines

Landmines and unexploded munitions remain a danger in the southern and eastern areas of the country, particularly around Aden, and in the central highlands. Most have been marked and access clearly delimited.

• Exercise caution in these areas
• Look for posted landmine warnings
• Stay on paved roads
• Avoid walking or hiking in these areas

Crime

Violent crime

Car bombs and drones have been used in assassinations.

Exercise a high level of personal security awareness at all times.

Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, occurs. Although credit cards are rarely accepted, scams may also occur.

Carjacking is a serious concern in Yemen.

• Don’t show signs of affluence
• Avoid travelling at night
• Lock car doors and ensure that windows are closed at all times
• Ensure that personal belongings and passports and other travel documents are secure at all times

Women’s safety

Women travelling alone have been subject to different types of harassment, verbal abuse, or physical assaults.

If you are the victim of a sexual assault, you should report it immediately to the nearest Government of Canada office.

• Avoid travelling alone, especially at night
• Remain particularly vigilant in less populous areas
• Be careful when dealing with strangers or recent acquaintances

Advice for women travellers

Shortages

Fuel

There is a shortage of fuel in Yemen. You may have difficulty securing fuel. Fuel and diesel shortages could impact sectors and services such as:

• transport
• telecommunication, including internet
• water and waste collection
• shops, cafes and restaurants

Power

Power shortages often occur.

Not all businesses are equipped with a generator. As a result, shortages could affect essential services such as:

• health care services
• food production
• goods distribution

Food

Certain parts of Yemen are experiencing famine. If food is available, it can be expensive because most of the country’s food is imported.

Plan to have adequate water, food and fuel supplies.

Road safety

Road conditions and road safety are poor throughout the country.

Drivers may not respect traffic laws and may often drive on the wrong side of the road. Vehicles are poorly maintained. Roaming animals also pose hazards.

Roadblocks and checkpoints may be set up without warning. Local authorities may close access to certain areas without notice.

If you are involved in an accident resulting in death or injuries, you may be jailed or fined. Compensation has to be paid to the family of any victim.

If you chose to drive in Yemen:

• undertake overland travel in a convoy of four-wheel-drive vehicles and with an experienced guide only
• avoid driving after dark
• leave a travel itinerary with a third party
• be well prepared and equipped with gasoline, water, food and a cell phone
• avoid renting a car and driving it yourself
• call the police if involved in an accident

Public transportation

Public transportation is unsafe and unreliable.

Buses

Minibuses service – known as dabaabs – is available in most major cities. However, many bus drivers aren’t experienced and don’t respect traffic laws.

If you want to reach Aden or Seiyun airport, the International Organization for Migration may be able to help by providing ground transportation through a local bus company. You may purchase tickets through their local offices.

Once you arrive at Aden or Seiyun airport, you will need to produce copies of airline tickets at checkpoints.

Contact information - International Organization for Migration in Yemen

Taxis

Shared taxis are common in Yemen. Private taxis are also available in major cities and at airports.

Motorcycles are often used as taxis. Drivers may often drive on the wrong side of the road and don’t follow traffic laws. Accidents are common.

• Use officially marked taxis only
• Negotiate fares in advance or insist that the driver use the meter
• Avoid taking shared taxis
• Never enter a cab if it already has one or more passengers
• Avoid using ridesharing apps

Ferries

Ferry services are connecting the various ports in the area, including to Djibouti. Vessels are frequently hijacked or attacked while crossing the Red sea, or in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Aden.

Avoid using ferries.

Piracy

There are pirate attacks and armed robberies against ships in coastal waters and, in some cases, farther out at sea. Mariners should take appropriate precautions.

Live Piracy Report - International Maritime Bureau

Air travel

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Entry and exit requirements

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Yemeni authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the Foreign Representatives in Canada.

The Government of Canada can't facilitate your entry into or exit from Yemen.

Passport

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave Yemen.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Visas

Tourist visa: required
Business visa: required
Student visa: required

Yemeni authorities don’t issue visas at ports of entry. You must obtain your visa well in advance at the closest Yemeni diplomatic mission prior to travelling.

Long stay

If you intend to stay in Yemen for more than 14 days, you must register your passport with the Yemeni Immigration authorities. You can expect heavy penalties if you overstay the duration of your visa.

Local sponsors

Some local sponsors retain students or employees passports. However, this is not required under Yemeni law.

Entry bans

You could be denied entry into Yemen if your passport bore an Israeli visa, an Israeli border stamp or an Egyptian or Jordanian border stamp issued by an office bordering Israel.

Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children.

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Health

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your routine vaccinations, as per your province or territory, are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette, which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•  washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medication

There is a significant shortage of prescription medication.

If you take prescription medication, you’re responsible for determining their legality in Yemen.

• Bring sufficient quantities of your medication with you
• Always keep your medication in the original container
• Pack them in your carry-on luggage
• Carry a copy of your prescriptions

Medical services and facilities

Health care is inadequate throughout the country. Medical facilities and hospitals are very limited, even in major cities. They lack of medical staff and supplies. You will likely need medical evacuation if you are seriously ill or injured.

There are no adequate emergency ambulance services. Cash payment in advance is often required.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Health and safety outside Canada

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a travel health kit, especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

Laws and culture

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad.

Drugs

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect heavy fines and lengthy jail sentences.

Alcohol

The consumption of alcohol in public is illegal. Public intoxication is also a criminal offence, no matter where the alcohol was consumed.

Avoid drinking alcohol outside licensed premises.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

2SLGBTQI+ persons

Yemeni law criminalizes sexual acts and relationships between persons of the same sex.

2SLGBTQI+ persons could also be discriminated against or detained based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, or sex characteristics.

If you are convicted, you could face corporal punishment, imprisonment or the death penalty.

2SLGBTQI+ persons should carefully consider the risks of travelling to Yemen.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Dress and behaviour

Yemeni customs, laws and regulations adhere closely to traditional and Islamic practices and beliefs. Women should carry a headscarf to cover their head at all times while travelling in Yemen.

To avoid offending local sensitivities:

• dress conservatively
• behave discreetly
• respect religious and social traditions
• seek permission prior to photographing individuals

Religious proselytism

Religious proselytism is illegal.

Avoid engaging in religious activities that contradict or challenge Islamic teachings and values. This includes preaching, possessing, or distributing religious literature or material.

Ramadan

In 2024, the lunar month of Ramadan is expected to begin on or around March 10.

In public, between sunrise and sunset, refrain from:

• drinking
• eating
• smoking

Marriage

Common law partnership is illegal in Yemen. Men and women are not permitted to share a home unless they are legally married or are related to one another.

Sexual relations outside of marriage are a criminal offence and may be subject to severe punishment, including the death penalty.

Marriage outside Canada

Family law

Yemen family law is different from Canadian family law. Yemen isn't a signatory to The Hague Convention. Decisions are based on Islamic law. It's extremely difficult for woman, even if she is a Muslim, to obtain custody of her children through Yemeni courts. Canadian custody orders may not be recognized in Yemen.

Local authorities may prevent Canadian children or spouse from leaving the country without prior authorization of the Yemeni father, husband or male relative.

To avoid any difficulties in Yemen, consult a Canadian and a Yemeni lawyer before travelling. If you're involved in legal proceedings such as divorce or custody dispute in Yemen, consult a Yemeni lawyer for advice and assistance regarding your own specific situation.

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Yemen.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Yemen by an abducting parent:

• act as quickly as you can
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Yemen to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.

Useful links

• International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
• Children and travel
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Request emergency assistance

Others illegal activities

The following activities are illegal in Yemen and punishable by heavy fines or jail time:

• photographing government buildings, military installations and holy sites
• trafficking or eating pork
• exporting any Yemeni antique
• importing pornographic material
• engaging in prostitution

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is not legally recognized in Yemen.

If local authorities consider you a citizen of Yemen, they may refuse to grant you access to Canadian consular services. This will prevent us from providing you with those services.

Dual citizens

Identification

Local authorities may ask you to show identification at any time.  

Depending on the region and the local authority, each town may have an entrance checkpoint where you will have to show your travel documents if you travel by land. You must also obtain permission from the Yemen Tourist Police to travel outside Sanaa.

• Carry identification documents at all times
• Keep a photocopy of your passport and visa in a safe place, in case they are lost or confiscated

Driving

You must carry an International Driving Permit.

International Driving Permit

The country has a zero tolerance policy for drinking and driving.

Money

The currency is the Yemeni rial (YER).

The economy is primarily cash-based. Credit cards are accepted in some major hotels only. ATMs may only be available in major cities.

• Plan accordingly
• Make sure you have access to sufficient local currency while in the country
• Check with your hotel which payment methods will be accepted

Natural disasters and climate

Climate change

Climate change is affecting Yemen. Extreme and unusual weather events are becoming more frequent and may affect your travel plans. Monitor local media for the latest information. 

Earthquakes

Yemen is located in a seismic and a volcanic zone.

Useful links

• Earthquakes - What to Do?
• Large-scale emergencies abroad

Severe weather

In summer, sandstorms and dust storms occur in some areas. Sand-laden winds can blow at high speeds for days, creating difficult driving conditions. These storms can also cause respiratory problems, which can be fatal in some individuals.

If a dust storm is occurring:

• stay indoors
• keep windows closed

Rainy season

The monsoon season extends from April to September. Seasonal flooding can slow down overland travel and reduce the delivery of essential services.

Tornadoes, cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons and monsoons

Drought and flooding

Yemen has been facing drought in recent years, leading to crop failure and severe food shortages.

During the rainy season, torrential rains and heavy flooding occur regularly, especially in mountainous areas. Flooding often results in landslides that can hamper overland travel and reduce the provision of essential services, such as:

• transportation
• power distribution
• water and food supply
• telecommunications networks
• emergency services
• medical care

In the event of flooding:

• avoid the affected area
• exercise caution
• stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
• follow the instructions of emergency responders, including evacuation orders

Large-scale emergencies abroad