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|-
|-
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Adenomus]]'' {{Küçük|Cope, 1861}} || ||{{align|center|3}}
| ''[[Adenomus]]'' {{Küçük|Cope, 1861}} || ||{{Hizala|center|3}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Altiphrynoides]]'' {{Küçük|Dubois, 1987}} || Ethiopian Toads ||{{align|center|2}}
| ''[[Altiphrynoides]]'' {{Küçük|Dubois, 1987}} || Ethiopian Toads ||{{Hizala|center|2}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Amietophrynus]]'' {{Küçük|Frost et al., 2006}} || ||{{align|center|38}}
| ''[[Amietophrynus]]'' {{Küçük|Frost et al., 2006}} || ||{{Hizala|center|38}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Andinophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Hoogmoed, 1985}} || Andes Toads ||{{align|center|3}}
| ''[[Andinophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Hoogmoed, 1985}} || Andes Toads ||{{Hizala|center|3}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Ansonia (genus)|Ansonia]]'' {{Küçük|Stoliczka, 1870}} || Stream Toads ||{{align|center|25}}
| ''[[Ansonia (genus)|Ansonia]]'' {{Küçük|Stoliczka, 1870}} || Stream Toads ||{{Hizala|center|25}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Atelopus]]'' {{Küçük|Duméril & Bibron, 1841}} || Stubfoot Toads ||{{align|center|82}}
| ''[[Atelopus]]'' {{Küçük|Duméril & Bibron, 1841}} || Stubfoot Toads ||{{Hizala|center|82}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Bufo]]'' {{Küçük|Laurenti, 1768}} || Toads ||{{align|center|150}}
| ''[[Bufo]]'' {{Küçük|Laurenti, 1768}} || Toads ||{{Hizala|center|150}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Bufoides]]'' {{Küçük|Pillai & Yazdani, 1973}} || Mawblang Toads ||{{align|center|1}}
| ''[[Bufoides]]'' {{Küçük|Pillai & Yazdani, 1973}} || Mawblang Toads ||{{Hizala|center|1}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Capensibufo]]'' {{Küçük|Grandison, 1980}} || Cape Toads ||{{align|center|2}}
| ''[[Capensibufo]]'' {{Küçük|Grandison, 1980}} || Cape Toads ||{{Hizala|center|2}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Churamiti]]'' {{Küçük|Channing & Stanley, 2002}} || ||{{align|center|1}}
| ''[[Churamiti]]'' {{Küçük|Channing & Stanley, 2002}} || ||{{Hizala|center|1}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Crepidophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Cope, 1889}} || Cerro Utyum Toads ||{{align|center|3}}
| ''[[Crepidophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Cope, 1889}} || Cerro Utyum Toads ||{{Hizala|center|3}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Dendrophryniscus]]'' {{Küçük|Jiménez de la Espada, 1871}} || Tree Toads ||{{align|center|7}}
| ''[[Dendrophryniscus]]'' {{Küçük|Jiménez de la Espada, 1871}} || Tree Toads ||{{Hizala|center|7}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Didynamipus]]'' {{Küçük|Andersson, 1903}} || Four-digit Toads ||{{align|center|1}}
| ''[[Didynamipus]]'' {{Küçük|Andersson, 1903}} || Four-digit Toads ||{{Hizala|center|1}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Duttaphrynus]]'' {{Küçük|Frost et al., 2006}} || ||{{align|center|6}}
| ''[[Duttaphrynus]]'' {{Küçük|Frost et al., 2006}} || ||{{Hizala|center|6}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Epidalea]]'' {{Küçük|Cope, 1864}} || Natterjack Toads ||{{align|center|1}}
| ''[[Epidalea]]'' {{Küçük|Cope, 1864}} || Natterjack Toads ||{{Hizala|center|1}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Frostius]]'' {{Küçük|Cannatella, 1986}} || Frost's Toads ||{{align|center|2}}
| ''[[Frostius]]'' {{Küçük|Cannatella, 1986}} || Frost's Toads ||{{Hizala|center|2}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Ingerophrynus]]'' {{Küçük|Frost et al., 2006}} || ||{{align|center|11}}
| ''[[Ingerophrynus]]'' {{Küçük|Frost et al., 2006}} || ||{{Hizala|center|11}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Laurentophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Tihen, 1960}} || Parkers Tree Toads ||{{align|center|1}}
| ''[[Laurentophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Tihen, 1960}} || Parkers Tree Toads ||{{Hizala|center|1}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Leptophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Fitzinger, 1843}} || Indonesia Tree Toads ||{{align|center|2}}
| ''[[Leptophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Fitzinger, 1843}} || Indonesia Tree Toads ||{{Hizala|center|2}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Melanophryniscus]]'' {{Küçük|Gallardo, 1961}} || South American Redbelly Toads ||{{align|center|20}}
| ''[[Melanophryniscus]]'' {{Küçük|Gallardo, 1961}} || South American Redbelly Toads ||{{Hizala|center|20}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Mertensophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Tihen, 1960}} || Snouted Frogs ||{{align|center|20}}
| ''[[Mertensophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Tihen, 1960}} || Snouted Frogs ||{{Hizala|center|20}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Metaphryniscus]]'' {{Küçük|Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1994}} || ||{{align|center|1}}
| ''[[Metaphryniscus]]'' {{Küçük|Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1994}} || ||{{Hizala|center|1}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Nectophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Buchholz & Peters, 1875}} || African Tree Toads ||{{align|center|2}}
| ''[[Nectophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Buchholz & Peters, 1875}} || African Tree Toads ||{{Hizala|center|2}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Nectophrynoides]]'' {{Küçük|Noble, 1926}} || African Live-bearing Toads ||{{align|center|13}}
| ''[[Nectophrynoides]]'' {{Küçük|Noble, 1926}} || African Live-bearing Toads ||{{Hizala|center|13}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Nimbaphrynoides]]'' {{Küçük|Dubois, 1987}} || Nimba Toads ||{{align|center|2}}
| ''[[Nimbaphrynoides]]'' {{Küçük|Dubois, 1987}} || Nimba Toads ||{{Hizala|center|2}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Oreophrynella]]'' {{Küçük|Boulenger, 1895}} || Bush Toads ||{{align|center|8}}
| ''[[Oreophrynella]]'' {{Küçük|Boulenger, 1895}} || Bush Toads ||{{Hizala|center|8}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Osornophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Ruiz-Carranza & Hernández-Camacho, 1976}} || Plump Toads ||{{align|center|6}}
| ''[[Osornophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Ruiz-Carranza & Hernández-Camacho, 1976}} || Plump Toads ||{{Hizala|center|6}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Parapelophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2003}} || ||{{align|center|1}}
| ''[[Parapelophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2003}} || ||{{Hizala|center|1}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Pedostibes]]'' {{Küçük|Günther, 1876}} || Asian Tree Toads ||{{align|center|6}}
| ''[[Pedostibes]]'' {{Küçük|Günther, 1876}} || Asian Tree Toads ||{{Hizala|center|6}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Pelophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Barbour, 1938}} || Flathead Toads ||{{align|center|9}}
| ''[[Pelophryne]]'' {{Küçük|Barbour, 1938}} || Flathead Toads ||{{Hizala|center|9}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Pseudepidalea]]'' {{Küçük|Frost, et. al. 2006}} || ||{{align|center|16}}
| ''[[Pseudepidalea]]'' {{Küçük|Frost, et. al. 2006}} || ||{{Hizala|center|16}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Pseudobufo]]'' {{Küçük|Tschudi, 1838}} || False Toads ||{{align|center|1}}
| ''[[Pseudobufo]]'' {{Küçük|Tschudi, 1838}} || False Toads ||{{Hizala|center|1}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Rhinella]]'' {{Küçük|Fitzinger, 1826}} || Beaked Toads ||{{align|center|72}}
| ''[[Rhinella]]'' {{Küçük|Fitzinger, 1826}} || Beaked Toads ||{{Hizala|center|72}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Schismaderma]]'' {{Küçük|Smith, 1849}} || African Split-skin Toads ||{{align|center|1}}
| ''[[Schismaderma]]'' {{Küçük|Smith, 1849}} || African Split-skin Toads ||{{Hizala|center|1}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Truebella]]'' {{Küçük|Graybeal & Cannatella, 1995}} || ||{{align|center|2}}
| ''[[Truebella]]'' {{Küçük|Graybeal & Cannatella, 1995}} || ||{{Hizala|center|2}}
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
|-style="background:#EEEEEE;"
| ''[[Werneria]]'' {{Küçük|Poche, 1903}} || Smalltongue Toads ||{{align|center|6}}
| ''[[Werneria]]'' {{Küçük|Poche, 1903}} || Smalltongue Toads ||{{Hizala|center|6}}
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
|-style="background:#FFFDFF;"
| ''[[Wolterstorffina]]'' {{Küçük|Mertens, 1939}} || Wolterstorff Toads ||{{align|center|3}}
| ''[[Wolterstorffina]]'' {{Küçük|Mertens, 1939}} || Wolterstorff Toads ||{{Hizala|center|3}}
|-
|-
|}
|}

Sayfanın 17.56, 2 Mart 2019 tarihindeki hâli

Kara kurbağasıgiller
Bufo bufo (üstte) Bufo terrestris (altta)
Biyolojik sınıflandırma
Âlem: Animalia
Şube: Chordata
Alt şube: Vertebrata
Sınıf: Amphibia
Alt sınıf: Lissamphibia
Üst takım: Batrachia
Takım: Anura
Alt takım: Neobatrachia
Familya: Bufonidae
Gray, 1825

Cinsler

Metne bakınız.

Kara kurbağasıgiller (Bufonidae), güneybatı Avustralya hariç bütün dünyada yayılım gösteren, 37 cinste yaklaşık 500 türden oluşan kurbağa familyası. Boyları 2–20 cm arasında değişir. Ayak parmakları arasındaki yüzme zarları yarım haldedir. Çenelerde diş bulunmaz. Presakral omur sayısı 5-8 arasında değişir. Ergin safhada esas olarak taşlar ve kütükler altında gizlenen gececil ve karacıl türlerdir.

Türkiye faunasında 2 cinste toplann 4 türle temsil edilir[1].

Sınıflandırma

Latince cins İngilizce adı Tür sayısı
Adenomus Cope, 1861
3
Altiphrynoides Dubois, 1987 Ethiopian Toads
2
Amietophrynus Frost et al., 2006
38
Andinophryne Hoogmoed, 1985 Andes Toads
3
Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 Stream Toads
25
Atelopus Duméril & Bibron, 1841 Stubfoot Toads
82
Bufo Laurenti, 1768 Toads
150
Bufoides Pillai & Yazdani, 1973 Mawblang Toads
1
Capensibufo Grandison, 1980 Cape Toads
2
Churamiti Channing & Stanley, 2002
1
Crepidophryne Cope, 1889 Cerro Utyum Toads
3
Dendrophryniscus Jiménez de la Espada, 1871 Tree Toads
7
Didynamipus Andersson, 1903 Four-digit Toads
1
Duttaphrynus Frost et al., 2006
6
Epidalea Cope, 1864 Natterjack Toads
1
Frostius Cannatella, 1986 Frost's Toads
2
Ingerophrynus Frost et al., 2006
11
Laurentophryne Tihen, 1960 Parkers Tree Toads
1
Leptophryne Fitzinger, 1843 Indonesia Tree Toads
2
Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961 South American Redbelly Toads
20
Mertensophryne Tihen, 1960 Snouted Frogs
20
Metaphryniscus Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1994
1
Nectophryne Buchholz & Peters, 1875 African Tree Toads
2
Nectophrynoides Noble, 1926 African Live-bearing Toads
13
Nimbaphrynoides Dubois, 1987 Nimba Toads
2
Oreophrynella Boulenger, 1895 Bush Toads
8
Osornophryne Ruiz-Carranza & Hernández-Camacho, 1976 Plump Toads
6
Parapelophryne Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2003
1
Pedostibes Günther, 1876 Asian Tree Toads
6
Pelophryne Barbour, 1938 Flathead Toads
9
Pseudepidalea Frost, et. al. 2006
16
Pseudobufo Tschudi, 1838 False Toads
1
Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826 Beaked Toads
72
Schismaderma Smith, 1849 African Split-skin Toads
1
Truebella Graybeal & Cannatella, 1995
2
Werneria Poche, 1903 Smalltongue Toads
6
Wolterstorffina Mertens, 1939 Wolterstorff Toads
3

Türkiye'deki türleri

Kaynakça

  1. ^ www.turkherptil.org
  2. ^ www.turkherptil.org
  3. ^ www.turkherptil.org
  4. ^ www.turkherptil.org
  5. ^ www.turkherptil.org
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