Rubela : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
Content deleted Content added
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Rubella''', inajulikana pia kama surua ya Kijerumani au surua ya siku tatu <ref name=Neighbors2010>{{cite book|last=Neighbors|first=M|last2=Tannehill-Jones...' |
No edit summary |
||
Mstari 3:
'''Rubella''', inajulikana pia kama surua ya Kijerumani au surua ya siku tatu <ref name=Neighbors2010>{{cite book|last=Neighbors|first=M|last2=Tannehill-Jones|first2=R|title=Human diseases|edition=3rd|chapter=Childhood diseases and disorders|pages=457–79|publisher=Delmar, Cengage Learning|location=Clifton Park, New York|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4354-2751-8}}</ref>, ni maambukizi yanayosababishwa na [[virusi]] vya rubella. Ugonjwa huu mara nyingi ni sio mkali na nusu ya watu hawatambui kuwa ni wagonjwa.<ref name=WHO2011>{{cite journal|title=Rubella vaccines: WHO position paper.|journal=Wkly Epidemiol Rec|date=15 July 2011|volume=86|issue=29|pages=301-16|pmid=21766537|url=http://www.who.int/wer/2011/wer8629.pdf}}</ref> Upele unaweza kuanza karibu wiki mbili baada ya kushambuliwa na hivyo virusi na hudumu kwa siku tatu. Kawaida huanza kwenye uso na kuenea kwa mwili wote. Upele sio mkali kama ule wa [[ukambi]] na wakati mwingine huwa mkali. Homa, maumivu ya koo, na uchovu huweza pia kutokea. Maumivu ya viungo kwa watu wazima ni kawaida. Dalili nyingine ni pamoja na za kutokwa na damu, uvimbe wa pumbu, na kuvimba kwa mishipa. Kuambukizwa mwanzoni mwa ujauzito kunaweza kusababisha mtoto kuzaliwa na ugonjwa huu au kuharibika mimba.
Rubella kawaida huenea kupitia angani kupitia kikohozi cha watu ambao wameambukizwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rubella (German Measles, Three-Day Measles)|url=http://www.cdc.gov/rubella/about/index.html|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=30 March 2015|date=December 17, 2014}}</ref> Watu wanaambukiza wiki kabla na baada ya kuonekana kwa upele. Watoto wanaweza kueneza virusi kwa zaidi ya mwaka. Wanadamu tu ndio wanaambukizwa. Wadudu hawaenezi ugonjwa. Watu wanapopona hawaambukizwi tena. Upimaji unapatikana ambao unaweza kudhibitisha kinga. Utambuzi unathibitishwa kwa kupata virusi kwenye damu, koo, au mkojo.
Rubella inaweza kuepukwa kwa kutumia chanjo ya rubella iliyo na kipimo kizuri cha kinga zaidi ya asilimia 95. Mara nyingi hupewa pamoja na chanjo ya ukambi na [[matumbwitumbwi]]. Wakati baadhi ya watu, lakini idadi ya watu chini ya asilimia 80, wamepatiwa chanjo, wanawake wengi wanaweza kufikia umri wa kuzaa na bila kuwa na kinga kutokana na chanjo au baada ya kuambukizwa. Ikitokea wakaambukizwa hakuna matibabu maalum.<ref name=Yellow2014>{{cite book|author1=Huong McLean|title=CDC health information for international travel 2014 : the yellow book|date=2014|isbn=9780199948499|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/rubella|chapter=3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel}}</ref>
Maambukizi ya rubella ni kawaida katika maeneo mengi ya ulimwengu. Kila mwaka takriban kesi 100,000 za ugonjwa huu hujitokea.<ref name=Lancet2015>{{cite journal|last1=Lambert|first1=N|last2=Strebel|first2=P|last3=Orenstein|first3=W|last4=Icenogle|first4=J|last5=Poland|first5=GA|title=Rubella.|journal=Lancet|date=7 January 2015|pmid=25576992}}</ref> Viwango vya magonjwa vimepungua katika maeneo mengi ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Amerika]] kwa sababu ya chanjo. Kuna juhudi zinazoendelea kumaliza ugonjwa huu ulimwenguni. ina "rubella" ni la [[Kilatini]] na linamaanisha nyekundu nyekundu. Ilielezewa kwanza kama ugonjwa tofauti na waganga wa Ujerumani mnamo 1814 na kusababisha jina la surua ya Kijerumani.<ref name=CDC2012Pink/> --> It was first described as a separate disease by German physicians in 1814 resulting in the name German [[measle]]s.<ref name=CDC2012Pink>{{cite book|last1=Atkinson|first1=William|title=Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases|date=2011|publisher=Public Health Foundation|isbn=9780983263135|pages=301–323|edition=12|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/rubella.html|accessdate=Mar 2015}}</ref>
==Marejeo==
| |||