Tonga: Béda antarrépisi
mTidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3 |
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(15 révisi antara karya leuwih ti 12 pamaké teu ditémbongkeun) | |||
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{{Infobox Country |
{{Infobox Country |
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|native_name = ''Pule{{okina}}anga Fakatu{{okina}}i {{okina}}o Tonga''<br>Kingdom of Tonga |
|native_name = ''Pule{{okina}}anga Fakatu{{okina}}i {{okina}}o Tonga''<br />Kingdom of Tonga |
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|conventional_long_name = Karajaan Tonga |
|conventional_long_name = Karajaan Tonga |
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|common_name = Tonga |
|common_name = Tonga |
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Baris ka-7: | Baris ka-7: | ||
|national_motto = ''Ko e {{okina}}Otua mo Tonga ko hoku tofi{{okina}}a''<br />God and Tonga are my Inheritance |
|national_motto = ''Ko e {{okina}}Otua mo Tonga ko hoku tofi{{okina}}a''<br />God and Tonga are my Inheritance |
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|image_map = Tonga on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg |
|image_map = Tonga on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg |
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|national_anthem = ''[[Ko e fasi 'o e tu'i 'o e 'Otu Tonga|Ko e fasi {{okina}}o e tu{{okina}}i {{okina}}o e {{okina}}Otu Tonga]]''<br/>''The Song of the King of the Tongan Islands''<br><small>Lagu Raja Kapuloan Tonga</small> |
|national_anthem = ''[[Ko e fasi 'o e tu'i 'o e 'Otu Tonga|Ko e fasi {{okina}}o e tu{{okina}}i {{okina}}o e {{okina}}Otu Tonga]]''<br />''The Song of the King of the Tongan Islands''<br /><small>Lagu Raja Kapuloan Tonga</small> |
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|official_languages = basa [[basa Tonga|Tonga]], [[basa Inggris|Inggris]] |
|official_languages = basa [[basa Tonga|Tonga]], [[basa Inggris|Inggris]] |
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|demonym = Tongan |
|demonym = Tongan |
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Baris ka-15: | Baris ka-15: | ||
|government_type = [[Nagara kahijian]] [[démokrasi paleménter]], jeung [[Monarki konstitusional]] |
|government_type = [[Nagara kahijian]] [[démokrasi paleménter]], jeung [[Monarki konstitusional]] |
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|leader_title1 = [[Daptar Raja/Ratu Tonga|Raja]] |
|leader_title1 = [[Daptar Raja/Ratu Tonga|Raja]] |
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|leader_name1 = [[ |
|leader_name1 = [[:en:Tupou VI|Tupou VI]] |
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|leader_title2 = [[Perdana Mentri Tonga|Perdana Mentri]] |
|leader_title2 = [[Perdana Mentri Tonga|Perdana Mentri]] |
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|leader_name2 = [[ |
|leader_name2 = [[:en:Siaosi Sovaleni|Siaosi Sovaleni]] |
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|area = 748 |
|area = 748 |
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|areami² = 289 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |
|areami² = 289 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |
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|population_estimate_year = 2010 |
|population_estimate_year = 2010 |
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|population_estimate_rank = ka-189 |
|population_estimate_rank = ka-189 |
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|population_census = |
|population_census = 100.209 |
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|population_census_year = |
|population_census_year = 2021 |
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|population_density = 139 |
|population_density = 139 |
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|population_densitymi² = 360 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |
|population_densitymi² = 360 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |
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|population_density_rank = ka-76<sup>1</sup> |
|population_density_rank = ka-76<sup>1</sup> |
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| GDP_PPP = $655 million |
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|GDP_PPP_year = 2008 |
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| GDP_PPP_year = 2019 |
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|GDP_PPP = $728 yuta<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=866&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=67&pr.y=14 |title=Tonga|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2010-04-21}}</ref> |
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| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $6,496<ref name="imf.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=88&pr.y=5&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=866&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|website=www.imf.org|access-date=8 April 2020}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608123754/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=88&pr.y=5&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=866&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&grp=0&a= |date=8 June 2020 }}</ref> |
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|GDP_PPP_rank = ka-206 |
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| GDP_nominal = $493 million |
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|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $7.060<ref name=imf2/> |
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| GDP_nominal_year = 2019 |
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|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ka-133 |
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| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,888<ref name="imf.org"/> |
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| Gini = 37.6 <!--number only--> |
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|GDP_nominal_year = 2009 |
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| Gini_year = 2015 |
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|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3.032<ref name=imf2/> |
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| Gini_change = steady<!--increase/decrease/steady--> |
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|HDI_year = 2010 |
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| Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/ |title=Gini Index coefficient |publisher=CIA World Factbook |access-date=16 July 2021 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717071854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison |date=17 July 2021 }}</ref> |
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|HDI = {{Increase}}0,677<ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2010|year=2010|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=5 November 2010}}</ref> |
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| HDI = 0.725 <!--number only--> |
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|HDI_rank = ka-85 |
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| HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> |
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|HDI_category = <span style="color:#090;">luhur</span> |
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| HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |
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| HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=28 December 2021}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215063955/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf |date=15 December 2020 }}</ref> |
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| HDI_rank = 104th |
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|sovereignty_type = [[Kamerdikaan]] |
|sovereignty_type = [[Kamerdikaan]] |
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|established_event1 = ti [[protéktorat]] [[Britania Raya]] |
|established_event1 = ti [[protéktorat]] [[Britania Raya]] |
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Baris ka-56: | Baris ka-60: | ||
|footnote1 = Dumasar kana angka ti 2005. |
|footnote1 = Dumasar kana angka ti 2005. |
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'''Tonga''', resmina '''Karajaan Tonga''' ([[basa Tonga]]: ''Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga''), |
'''Tonga''', resmina '''Karajaan Tonga''' ([[basa Tonga]]: ''Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga''), mangrupa hiji nagara jeung hiji [[kapuloan]] di [[Samudra Pasifik|Samudra Pasifik Kidul]], ngawengku 176 pulo nu nyebar dina wewengkon saluas 700.000 km{{smallsup|2}} di Pasifik Kidul. 52 pulo didumukan.<ref>[http://www.tongaholiday.com Official Tongan Government Tourism Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007133115/http://www.tongaholiday.com/ |date=2011-10-07 }}</ref> |
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Tonga ogé katelah salaku '''Kapuloan Soméah''' ku lantaran panarimaan nu soméah saur [[James Cook|Kaptén James Cook]] dina natamuna nu kahiji dina 1773. Sigana anjeunna datang basa féstival ''{{okina}}inasi'', pamasihan taunan [[buah kahiji]] ka [[Tu'i Tonga|Tu{{okina}}i Tonga]], pupuhu pangluhurna pulo, jeung narima undangan ka parayaan. Dumasar kana panulis, [[William Mariner (panulis)|William Mariner]], sabenerna mah para pupuhu séké geus hayang nelasan Cook dina pangumpulan, tapi teu bisa satuju dina hiji rencana.<ref>Mariner, William and Martin, John (1817). ''An account of the natives of the Tonga islands in the south Pacific ocean: With an original grammar and vocabulary of their language. Compiled and arranged from the extensive communications of Mr. William Mariner, several years resident in those islands'', Volume 2, [http://books.google.com/books?id=AD9CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA64 pp 64–65]. Retrieved 3 November 2010.</ref> |
Tonga ogé katelah salaku '''Kapuloan Soméah''' ku lantaran panarimaan nu soméah saur [[James Cook|Kaptén James Cook]] dina natamuna nu kahiji dina 1773. Sigana anjeunna datang basa féstival ''{{okina}}inasi'', pamasihan taunan [[buah kahiji]] ka [[Tu'i Tonga|Tu{{okina}}i Tonga]], pupuhu pangluhurna pulo, jeung narima undangan ka parayaan. Dumasar kana panulis, [[William Mariner (panulis)|William Mariner]], sabenerna mah para pupuhu séké geus hayang nelasan Cook dina pangumpulan, tapi teu bisa satuju dina hiji rencana.<ref>Mariner, William and Martin, John (1817). ''An account of the natives of the Tonga islands in the south Pacific ocean: With an original grammar and vocabulary of their language. Compiled and arranged from the extensive communications of Mr. William Mariner, several years resident in those islands'', Volume 2, [http://books.google.com/books?id=AD9CAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA64 pp 64–65]. Retrieved 3 November 2010.</ref> |
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Administatifna, Tonga dibagi kana [[Babagian administratif Tonga|5 divisi]]: [['Eua]], [[Ha'apai]], [[Niuas]], [[Tongatapu]], jeung [[Vava'u]].<ref>[http://www.spc.int/prism/Country/TO/stats/Census06/Population/population.htm Population Census 2006: Population size, Trend, Distribution and Structure], Tonga Department of Statistics</ref><ref>[http://www.statoids.com/uto.html Divisions of Tonga], Statoids.com</ref> |
Administatifna, Tonga dibagi kana [[Babagian administratif Tonga|5 divisi]]: [['Eua]], [[Ha'apai]], [[Niuas]], [[Tongatapu]], jeung [[Vava'u]].<ref>[http://www.spc.int/prism/Country/TO/stats/Census06/Population/population.htm Population Census 2006: Population size, Trend, Distribution and Structure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723043811/http://www.spc.int/prism/Country/TO/stats/Census06/Population/population.htm |date=2011-07-23 }}, Tonga Department of Statistics</ref><ref>[http://www.statoids.com/uto.html Divisions of Tonga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812025359/http://www.statoids.com/uto.html |date=2011-08-12 }}, Statoids.com</ref> |
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==Étimologi==<!--linked--> |
==Étimologi==<!--linked--> |
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Dina raloba basa Polinésia, kaasup basa Tonga, kecap ''tonga'' boga harti "kidul", sakumaha kapuloan ieu |
Dina raloba basa Polinésia, kaasup basa Tonga, kecap ''tonga'' boga harti "kidul", sakumaha kapuloan ieu mangrupa grup kapuloan nu pangkidulma di [[Polinésia]] tengah. |
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==Tempo ogé== |
== Tempo ogé == |
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{{col|3}} |
{{col|3}} |
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*[[Lini Tonga 2006]] |
*[[Lini Tonga 2006]] |
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</div> |
</div> |
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==Réferénsi== |
== Réferénsi == |
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<!-- Journal of World Prehistory 12 (3): 337–392 --> |
<!-- Journal of World Prehistory 12 (3): 337–392 --> |
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{{reflist|2}} |
{{reflist|2}} |
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==Bacaan salajengna== |
== Bacaan salajengna == |
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* ''Ancient Tonga and the Lost City of Mu'a: Including Samoa, Fiji and Raratonga'' ku David Hatcher Childress |
* ''Ancient Tonga and the Lost City of Mu'a: Including Samoa, Fiji and Raratonga'' ku David Hatcher Childress |
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* ''The Art of Tonga'' ku Keith St Cartmail |
* ''The Art of Tonga'' ku Keith St Cartmail |
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* ''Voyages: From Tongan Villages to American Suburbs'' Cathy A. Small |
* ''Voyages: From Tongan Villages to American Suburbs'' Cathy A. Small |
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==Tumbu kaluar== |
== Tumbu kaluar == |
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{{SisterLinks}} |
{{SisterLinks}} |
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; Pamaréntah |
; Pamaréntah |
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* [http://www.mic.gov.to/ Kamentrian Komunikasi jeung Informasi] |
* [http://www.mic.gov.to/ Kamentrian Komunikasi jeung Informasi] |
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* [http://www.pmo.gov.to/ Kantor Perdana Mentri] |
* [http://www.pmo.gov.to/ Kantor Perdana Mentri] |
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* [http://tonga.worldlegislation.com/cms/home.html Législasi Tonga] |
* [http://tonga.worldlegislation.com/cms/home.html Législasi Tonga]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |
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; Informasi ilahar |
; Informasi ilahar |
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* {{dmoz|Regional/Oceania/Tonga|Tonga}} |
* {{dmoz|Regional/Oceania/Tonga|Tonga}} |
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* {{wikiatlas|Tonga}} |
* {{wikiatlas|Tonga}} |
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* {{ |
* {{wikivoyage|Tonga}} |
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{{Polynesia}}<br> |
{{Polynesia}}<br /> |
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{{Nagara di Oséania}}<br> |
{{Nagara di Oséania}}<br /> |
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{{Commonwealth of Nations}}<br> |
{{Commonwealth of Nations}}<br /> |
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{{Austronesian-speaking}} |
{{Austronesian-speaking}} |
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[[Kategori:Tonga| ]] |
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{{nagara-geo-stub|Tonga}} |
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[[Kategori:Kapuloan di Samudra Pasifik]] |
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[[Kategori:Monarki konstitusional]] |
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[[Kategori:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] |
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[[Kategori:Urut protéktorat Britania]] |
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[[Kategori:Nagara kapuloan]] |
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[[Kategori:Anggota Pasamakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa]] |
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[[Kategori:Nagara di Oséania]] |
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[[Kategori:Polinésia]] |
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[[Kategori:Nu ngadeg taun 1970]] |
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[[Kategori:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] |
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[[Category:Tonga| ]] |
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[[Category:Kapuloan di Samudra Pasifik]] |
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[[Category:Monarki konstitusional]] |
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[[Category:Wewengkon nu maké basa Inggris]] |
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[[Category:Urut protéktorat Britania]] |
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[[Category:Nagara kapuloan]] |
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[[Category:Anggota Pasamakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa]] |
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[[Category:Nagara di Oséania]] |
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[[Category:Polinésia]] |
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[[Category:Nu ngadeg taun 1970]] |
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[[Category:Anggota Pasarikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] |
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{{nagara-geo-stub|Tonga}} |
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[[ace:Tonga]] |
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[[af:Tonga]] |
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[[als:Tonga]] |
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[[ar:تونجا]] |
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[[an:Tonga]] |
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[[zh:東加]] |
Révisi mangsa 7 Méi 2023 09.11
Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga Kingdom of Tonga Karajaan Tonga |
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Motto Ko e ʻOtua mo Tonga ko hoku tofiʻa God and Tonga are my Inheritance |
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Lagu Ko e fasi ʻo e tuʻi ʻo e ʻOtu Tonga The Song of the King of the Tongan Islands Lagu Raja Kapuloan Tonga |
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Ibu kota (jeung kota panggedéna) | Nukuʻalofa | |||||
Basa resmi | basa Tonga, Inggris | |||||
Démonim | Tongan | |||||
Pamaréntah | Nagara kahijian démokrasi paleménter, jeung Monarki konstitusional | |||||
- | Raja | Tupou VI | ||||
- | Perdana Mentri | Siaosi Sovaleni | ||||
Kamerdikaan | ||||||
- | ti protéktorat Britania Raya | 4 Juni 1970 | ||||
Aréa | ||||||
- | Total | 748 km² (ka-186) 289 mil² |
||||
- | Cai (%) | 4,0 | ||||
Populasi | ||||||
- | Perkiraan 2010 | 104.000 (ka-189) | ||||
- | Sénsus 2021 | 100.209 | ||||
- | Kapadetan | 139 /km² (ka-761) 360 /mil² |
||||
GDP (PPP) | Perkiraan 2019 | |||||
- | Total | $655 million | ||||
- | Per kapita | $6,496[1] | ||||
GDP (nominal) | Perkiraan 2019 | |||||
- | Total | $493 million | ||||
- | Per kapita | $4,888[1] | ||||
Gini? (2015) | 37.6 | |||||
HDI (2019) | 0.725 (104th) | |||||
Mata uang | Paʻanga (TOP ) |
|||||
Zona wanci | (UTC+13) | |||||
- | Usum panas (DST) | (UTC+13) | ||||
teu kaobsérvasi | ||||||
TLD Internét | .to | |||||
Kode telepon | +676 | |||||
1 | Dumasar kana angka ti 2005. |
Tonga, resmina Karajaan Tonga (basa Tonga: Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), mangrupa hiji nagara jeung hiji kapuloan di Samudra Pasifik Kidul, ngawengku 176 pulo nu nyebar dina wewengkon saluas 700.000 km2 di Pasifik Kidul. 52 pulo didumukan.[2]
Tonga ogé katelah salaku Kapuloan Soméah ku lantaran panarimaan nu soméah saur Kaptén James Cook dina natamuna nu kahiji dina 1773. Sigana anjeunna datang basa féstival ʻinasi, pamasihan taunan buah kahiji ka Tuʻi Tonga, pupuhu pangluhurna pulo, jeung narima undangan ka parayaan. Dumasar kana panulis, William Mariner, sabenerna mah para pupuhu séké geus hayang nelasan Cook dina pangumpulan, tapi teu bisa satuju dina hiji rencana.[3]
Administatifna, Tonga dibagi kana 5 divisi: 'Eua, Ha'apai, Niuas, Tongatapu, jeung Vava'u.[4][5]
Étimologi
[édit | édit sumber]Dina raloba basa Polinésia, kaasup basa Tonga, kecap tonga boga harti "kidul", sakumaha kapuloan ieu mangrupa grup kapuloan nu pangkidulma di Polinésia tengah.
Tempo ogé
[édit | édit sumber]Réferénsi
[édit | édit sumber]- ↑ a b "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Diakses tanggal 8 April 2020. Archived 8 Juni 2020 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ Official Tongan Government Tourism Website Archived 2011-10-07 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ Mariner, William and Martin, John (1817). An account of the natives of the Tonga islands in the south Pacific ocean: With an original grammar and vocabulary of their language. Compiled and arranged from the extensive communications of Mr. William Mariner, several years resident in those islands, Volume 2, pp 64–65. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
- ↑ Population Census 2006: Population size, Trend, Distribution and Structure Archived 2011-07-23 di Wayback Machine, Tonga Department of Statistics
- ↑ Divisions of Tonga Archived 2011-08-12 di Wayback Machine, Statoids.com
Bacaan salajengna
[édit | édit sumber]- Ancient Tonga and the Lost City of Mu'a: Including Samoa, Fiji and Raratonga ku David Hatcher Childress
- The Art of Tonga ku Keith St Cartmail
- Becoming Tongan: An Ethnography of Childhood ku Helen Morton
- Birds of Fiji, Tonga and Samoa ku Dick Watling
- A Guide to the Birds of Fiji and Western Polynesia: Including American Samoa, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Wallis and Futuna ku Dick Watling
- Guide to the Birds of the Kingdom of Tonga ku Dick Watling
- Lonely Planet Guide: Samoan Islands and Tonga ku Susannah Farfor and Paul Smitz
- Moon Travel Guide: Samoa-Tonga ku David Stanley
- Queen Salote of Tonga: The Story of an Era, 1900–65 ku Elizabeth Wood-Ellem
- Toki ku Brian K. Crawford
- Tonga ku James Siers
- The Tonga Book ku Paul. W. Dale
- Tonga: A New Bibliography ku Martin Daly
- Tradition Versus Democracy in the South Pacific: Fiji, Tonga and Western Samoa ku Stephanie Lawson
- Voyages: From Tongan Villages to American Suburbs Cathy A. Small
Tumbu kaluar
[édit | édit sumber]Pék paluruh émbaran nu leuwih loba ngeunaan Tonga ku jalan nyungsi proyék sabaraya Wikipédia | |
---|---|
Définisi kamus ti Wiktionary | |
Buku téks ti Wikibooks | |
Cutatan ti Wikiquote | |
Téks sumber ti Wikisource | |
Gambar jeung média ti Commons | |
Warta ti Wikinews | |
Sumber pangajaran ti Wikiversity |
- Pamaréntah
- Informasi ilahar
- Éntri Tonga di CIA World Factbook
- Tonga ti UCB Libraries GovPubs
- The Friendly Islands: 1616 to 1900
- Tonga di Open Directory Project
- Atlas Tonga Wikimedia, ngandung peta ngeunaan Tonga.
Tempo ogé Tonga di Wikivoyage
Artikel ngeunaan géografi ti hiji nagara atawa wewengkon ieu mangrupa taratas, perlu disampurnakeun. Upami sadérék uninga langkung paos perkawis ieu, dihaturan kanggo ngalengkepan. |