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| trinomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
| trinomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
}}
}}
'''Anjing''' (''Canis lupus familiaris'') nyaéta [[subspésiés]] [[doméstik]]asi srigala hawuk (''grey wolf''), [[mamalia]] ti kulawarga [[Canidae]] ordo [[Carnivora]]. Istilah ieu nujul boh ka nu liar atawa nu [[ingon-ingon|diingu]] sarta kadang dipaké pikeun [[anjing liar]] ti [[subspésiés]] atawa [[spésiés]] séjén. Anjing doméstik dalit jeung manusa, boh keur diala gawéna atawa pikeun kalangenan, jeung -- pikeun sababaraha masarakat -- pikeun didahar. Di sakuliah jagat, kira-kira aya 400 juta anjing<ref name="DOGS">{{cite book | author= Coppinger, Ray | title=Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution | year=2001 | pages= p352 | id=0684855305 }}</ref>.
'''Anjing''' (''Canis lupus familiaris'') nyaéta [[subspésiés]] [[doméstik]]asi [[ajag]]/srigala hawuk (''grey wolf''), [[mamalia]] ti kulawarga [[Canidae]] ordo [[Carnivora]].<ref name=”Rig”>{{Cite book | title = A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java| last = Jonathan| first =Rigg | publisher =Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen | location =Universitas Harvard | year =1862 }}</ref>
Istilah ieu nujul boh ka nu liar atawa nu [[ingon-ingon|diingu]] sarta kadang dipaké pikeun [[anjing liar]] ti [[subspésiés]] atawa [[spésiés]] séjén. Anjing doméstik dalit jeung manusa, boh keur diala gawéna atawa pikeun kalangenan, jeung—pikeun sababaraha masarakat—pikeun didahar.<ref name=”Rig”/> Di sakuliah jagat, kira-kira aya 400 juta anjing<ref name="DOGS">{{cite book | author= Coppinger, Ray | title=Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution | year=2001 | pages= p352 | id=0684855305 }}</ref>.


Kiwari, anjing geus mekar jadi ratusan [[ternak anjing|turunan]]. Jangkungna (diukur nepi ka tonggong) aya nu ukur sababaraha [[inci]] ([[anjing Chihuahua]]), tapi aya ogé anu nepi ka sababaraha kaki (''[[Irish Wolfhound]]''); [[warna|kelirna]] aya nu [[bodas]], aya ogé nu [[hideung|hideung lestreng]]; sedengkeun buluna ti nu pondok pisan nepi ka sababaraha sénti, ti nu lempeng nepi ka nu galing<ref>''The Complete dog book : the photograph, history, and official standard of every breed admitted to AKC registration, and the selection, training, breeding, care, and feeding of pure-bred dogs.'' New York: Howell Book House, 1992. ISBN 0876054645</ref>.
Kiwari, anjing geus mekar jadi ratusan [[ternak anjing|turunan]]. Jangkungna (diukur nepi ka tonggong) aya nu ukur sababaraha [[inci]] ([[anjing Chihuahua]]), tapi aya ogé anu nepi ka sababaraha kaki (''[[Irish Wolfhound]]''); [[warna|kelirna]] aya nu [[bodas]], aya ogé nu [[hideung|hideung lestreng]]; sedengkeun buluna ti nu pondok pisan nepi ka sababaraha sénti, ti nu lempeng nepi ka nu galing<ref>''The Complete dog book : the photograph, history, and official standard of every breed admitted to AKC registration, and the selection, training, breeding, care, and feeding of pure-bred dogs.'' New York: Howell Book House, 1992. ISBN 0876054645</ref>.


== Taksonomi ==
== Taksonomi ==
Anjing mimitina diasupkeun kana ''Canis familiaris'' jeung "[[Canis familiarus domesticus]]" ku Linnaeus taun 1758<ref>[http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=727488 ITIS Standard Report Page: Canis familiarus domesticus]</ref>. Taun 1993, anjing diklasifikasi ulang jadi subspésiés srigala hawuk, ''Canis lupus'', ku [[Smithsonian Institution]] jeung [[American Society of Mammalogists]].
Anjing mimitina diasupkeun kana ''Canis familiaris'' jeung "[[Canis familiarus domesticus]]" ku Linnaeus taun 1758<ref>[http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=727488 ITIS Standard Report Page: Canis familiarus domesticus]</ref>. Taun 1993, anjing ''diklasifikasi'' ulang jadi subspésiés srigala hawuk, ''Canis lupus'', ku [[Smithsonian Institution]] jeung [[American Society of Mammalogists]].


== Asal-usul ==
== Asal-usul ==
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| accessdate = 2006-12-09
| accessdate = 2006-12-09
| doi = 10.1126/science.276.5319.1687
| doi = 10.1126/science.276.5319.1687
}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126231726/http://www.mnh.si.edu/GeneticsLab/StaffPage/MaldonadoJ/PublicationsCV/Science_Dog_Paper.pdf |date=2012-01-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
| last = Kerstin
| last = Kerstin
| first = Lindblad-Toh
| first = Lindblad-Toh
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| date = [[2002-11-22]]
| date = [[2002-11-22]]
| publisher = BBC News
| publisher = BBC News
}}</ref>. Ku kituna, anjing téh jadi spésiés munggaran anu didoméstikasi ku manusa.
}}</ref>. Ku kituna, anjing téh jadi spésiés munggaran anu didoméstikasi ku [[manusa]].


Bukti nu aya nunjukkeun yén anjing téh munggaran didoméstikasi di Asia Wétan, sigana di Cina<ref name=Savolainen_et_al_2002>{{cite journal
Bukti nu aya nunjukkeun yén anjing téh munggaran didoméstikasi di Asia Wétan, sigana di [[Cina]] <ref name=Savolainen_et_al_2002>{{cite journal
| first = Peter
| first = Peter
| last = Savolainen
| last = Savolainen
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Nuturkeun ngumbarana manusa ka sakuliah dunya, anjing lahir jadi rupa-rupa. [[Révolusi Néolitik|Révolusi tatanén]] jeung masarakatna lajeng ngadorong tumuwuhna populasi anjing sarta lahirna kabutuh kana anjing anu boga kabisa husus. Kaayaan ieu ngadorong ayana kawin seléktif ngarah ngahasilkeun anjing anu boga kabisa.
Nuturkeun ngumbarana manusa ka sakuliah dunya, anjing lahir jadi rupa-rupa. [[Révolusi Néolitik|Révolusi tatanén]] jeung masarakatna lajeng ngadorong tumuwuhna populasi anjing sarta lahirna kabutuh kana anjing anu boga kabisa husus. Kaayaan ieu ngadorong ayana kawin seléktif ngarah ngahasilkeun anjing anu boga kabisa.
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===Ancestry and history of domestication===
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{{main|Origin of the domestic dog}}
[[Image:DogMosaic wb.jpg|thumb|right|This ancient mosaic, likely Roman, shows a large dog with a collar hunting a lion.]]


===Katurunan jeung sajarah doméstikasi===
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{{main|Origin of the domestic dog}}
[[Image:DogMosaic wb.jpg|thumb|right|Ieu mozaik kuna, kawasna Romawi, nempokeun hiji anjing gedé make panyangcang diba beuheung keur moro jeung hiji singa.]]
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[[Molecular systematics]] indicate that the domestic dog (''Canis lupus familiaris'') descends from one or more populations of wild wolves (''Canis lupus''). As reflected in the [[Binomial nomenclature|nomenclature]], dogs are descended from the wolf and are able to interbreed with wolves.
[[Molecular systematics]] indicate that the domestic dog (''Canis lupus familiaris'') descends from one or more populations of wild wolves (''Canis lupus''). As reflected in the [[Binomial nomenclature|nomenclature]], dogs are descended from the wolf and are able to interbreed with wolves.


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====Dangerous substances====
====Dangerous substances====
*Human food. Some foods commonly enjoyed by humans are dangerous to dogs, including [[chocolate]] ([[Theobromine poisoning]]), [[onion]]s, [[grape]]s and [[raisin]]s,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.aspca.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=16645 | title = ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Issues Nationwide Update: Raisins and Grapes Can Be Toxic To Dogs | accessmonthday = [[September 2]] | accessyear = [[2006]] | date = [[2004-07-06]] | work = ASPCA Press Releases | publisher = American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals }}</ref> some types of [[chewing gum|gum]], certain sweeteners<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wkyc.com/news/news_fullstory.asp?id=38879|title=Artificial sweetener poses deadly risk to dogs|publisher=WKYC-TV}}</ref> and [[Macadamia nut]]s. The only known dangerous substance in chocolate is [[cocoa]], so the danger of [[white chocolate]] is uncertain. The [[Grape and raisin toxicity in dogs|acute danger]] from grapes and raisins was discovered around 2000, and has slowly been publicized since then. The cause is not known. Small quantities will induce acute [[renal failure]]. [[Sultana (grape)|Sultanas]] and [[currants]] may also be dangerous. [[Alcoholic beverage]]s pose comparable hazards to dogs as they do to humans, but due to low body weight and lack of [[alcohol tolerance]] they are toxic in much smaller portions.
*Human food. Some foods commonly enjoyed by humans are dangerous to dogs, including [[chocolate]] ([[Theobromine poisoning]]), [[onion]]s, [[grape]]s and [[raisin]]s,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.aspca.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=16645 | title = ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Issues Nationwide Update: Raisins and Grapes Can Be Toxic To Dogs | accessmonthday = [[September 2]] | accessyear = [[2006]] | date = [[2004-07-06]] | work = ASPCA Press Releases | publisher = American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals }}</ref> some types of [[chewing gum|gum]], certain sweeteners<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wkyc.com/news/news_fullstory.asp?id=38879|title=Artificial sweetener poses deadly risk to dogs|publisher=WKYC-TV}}</ref> and [[Macadamia nut]]s. The only known dangerous substance in chocolate is [[cocoa]], so the danger of [[white chocolate]] is uncertain. The [[Grape and raisin toxicity in dogs|acute danger]] from grapes and raisins was discovered around 2000, and has slowly been publicized since then. The cause is not known. Small quantities will induce acute [[renal failure]]. [[Sultana (grape)|Sultanas]] and [[currants]] may also be dangerous. [[Alcoholic beverage]]s pose comparable hazards to dogs as they do to humans, but due to low body weight and lack of [[alcohol tolerance]] they are toxic in much smaller portions.

*Plants. Plants such as [[caladium]], [[dieffenbachia]] and [[philodendron]] will cause [[throat]] irritations that will burn the throat going down as well as coming up. [[Hops]] are particularly dangerous and even small quantities can lead to [[malignant hyperthermia]].<ref>{{cite journal | first = K. L.| last = Duncan | coauthors = W. R. Hare and W. B. Buck | date = [[1997-01-01]] | title = Malignant hyperthermia-like reaction secondary to ingestion of hops in five dogs | journal = Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | volume = 210 | issue = 1 | pages = 51–4 | pmid = 8977648}}</ref> [[Amaryllis]], [[daffodil]], [[english ivy]], [[Iris (plant)|iris]], and [[tulip]] (especially the bulbs) cause [[gastric]] irritation and sometimes [[central nervous system]] excitement followed by [[coma]], and, in severe cases, even death. Ingesting [[foxglove]], [[lily of the valley]], [[Ranunculaceae|larkspur]] and [[oleander]] can be life threatening because the [[cardiovascular]] system is affected. [[Yew]] is very dangerous because it affects the [[nervous system]]. Immediate veterinary treatment is required for dogs that ingest these.
*Plants. Plants such as [[caladium]], [[dieffenbachia]] and [[philodendron]] will cause [[throat]] irritations that will burn the throat going down as well as coming up. [[Hops]] are particularly dangerous and even small quantities can lead to [[malignant hyperthermia]].<ref>{{cite journal | first = K. L.| last = Duncan | coauthors = W. R. Hare and W. B. Buck | date = [[1997-01-01]] | title = Malignant hyperthermia-like reaction secondary to ingestion of hops in five dogs | journal = Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | volume = 210 | issue = 1 | pages = 51–4 | pmid = 8977648}}</ref> [[Amaryllis]], [[daffodil]], [[english ivy]], [[Iris (plant)|iris]], and [[tulip]] (especially the bulbs) cause [[gastric]] irritation and sometimes [[central nervous system]] excitement followed by [[coma]], and, in severe cases, even death. Ingesting [[foxglove]], [[lily of the valley]], [[Ranunculaceae|larkspur]] and [[oleander]] can be life threatening because the [[cardiovascular]] system is affected. [[Yew]] is very dangerous because it affects the [[nervous system]]. Immediate veterinary treatment is required for dogs that ingest these.

*Household poisons. Many household cleaners such as [[ammonia]], [[bleach]], [[disinfectants]], [[drain cleaner]], [[soap]]s, [[detergent]]s, and other cleaners, [[mothball]]s and [[matches]] are dangerous to dogs, as are cosmetics such as [[deodorant]]s, [[hair coloring]], [[nail polish]] and remover, [[permanent wave|home permanent]] lotion, and [[suntan lotion]]. Dogs find some poisons attractive, such as [[antifreeze]] (automotive coolant), [[snail bait|slug and snail bait]], [[insect]] bait, and [[rodent]] poisons. [[Antifreeze]] is insidious to dogs, either puddled or even partly cleaned residue, because of its sweet taste. A dog may pick up antifreeze on its fur and then lick it off.
*Household poisons. Many household cleaners such as [[ammonia]], [[bleach]], [[disinfectants]], [[drain cleaner]], [[soap]]s, [[detergent]]s, and other cleaners, [[mothball]]s and [[matches]] are dangerous to dogs, as are cosmetics such as [[deodorant]]s, [[hair coloring]], [[nail polish]] and remover, [[permanent wave|home permanent]] lotion, and [[suntan lotion]]. Dogs find some poisons attractive, such as [[antifreeze]] (automotive coolant), [[snail bait|slug and snail bait]], [[insect]] bait, and [[rodent]] poisons. [[Antifreeze]] is insidious to dogs, either puddled or even partly cleaned residue, because of its sweet taste. A dog may pick up antifreeze on its fur and then lick it off.

*Animal feces. Dogs occasionally eat their own feces, or the feces of other dogs and other species if available, such as cats, deer, cows, or horses. This is known as [[coprophagia]]. Some dogs develop preferences for one type over another. There is no definitive reason known, although boredom, hunger, and nutritional needs have been suggested. Eating cat feces is common, possibly because of the high protein content of cat food. Dogs eating cat feces from a litter box may lead to [[Toxoplasmosis]]. Dogs seem to have different preferences in relation to eating feces. Some are attracted to the stools of deer, cows, or horses.<ref> [http://www.petlibrary.co.uk/dog-care/why-do-dogs-eact-poop.html Why do dogs eat poop.]</ref>
*Animal feces. Dogs occasionally eat their own feces, or the feces of other dogs and other species if available, such as cats, deer, cows, or horses. This is known as [[coprophagia]]. Some dogs develop preferences for one type over another. There is no definitive reason known, although boredom, hunger, and nutritional needs have been suggested. Eating cat feces is common, possibly because of the high protein content of cat food. Dogs eating cat feces from a litter box may lead to [[Toxoplasmosis]]. Dogs seem to have different preferences in relation to eating feces. Some are attracted to the stools of deer, cows, or horses.<ref> [http://www.petlibrary.co.uk/dog-care/why-do-dogs-eact-poop.html Why do dogs eat poop.]</ref>

*Other risks. Human medications may be [[toxic]] to dogs, for example [[paracetamol]]/acetaminophen (Tylenol). [[Zinc]] toxicity, mostly in the form of the ingestion of [[Cent (United States coin)|US cents]] minted after 1982, is commonly fatal in dogs where it causes a severe [[hemolytic anemia]].<ref>Stowe CM, Nelson R, Werdin R, et al: Zinc phosphide poisoning in dogs. JAVMA 173:270, 1978</ref> Some wet dog and cat food was recalled by [[Menu Foods]] in 2007 because it contained a dangerous substance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.menufoods.com/recall/index.html |title=Recall Information |accessdate = 2008-03-08 |format=HTML |publisher=Menu Foods Income Fund }}</ref>
*Other risks. Human medications may be [[toxic]] to dogs, for example [[paracetamol]]/acetaminophen (Tylenol). [[Zinc]] toxicity, mostly in the form of the ingestion of [[Cent (United States coin)|US cents]] minted after 1982, is commonly fatal in dogs where it causes a severe [[hemolytic anemia]].<ref>Stowe CM, Nelson R, Werdin R, et al: Zinc phosphide poisoning in dogs. JAVMA 173:270, 1978</ref> Some wet dog and cat food was recalled by [[Menu Foods]] in 2007 because it contained a dangerous substance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.menufoods.com/recall/index.html |title=Recall Information |accessdate = 2008-03-08 |format=HTML |publisher=Menu Foods Income Fund }}</ref>


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== Rujukan ==
== Rujukan ==
* ''[[:en:Dog|Dog]]''. Wikipédia basa Inggris. Disalin 13 Agustus 2008.
* ''[[:en:Dog|Dog]]''. Wikipédia basa Inggris. Disalin 13 Agustus 2008.
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|2}}


== Bacaan salajengna ==
* Abrantes, Roger (1999). ''Dogs Home Alone''. Wakan Tanka, 46 pages. ISBN 0-9660484-2-3 (paperback).
* Abrantes, Roger (1999). ''Dogs Home Alone''. Wakan Tanka, 46 pages. ISBN 0-9660484-2-3 (paperback).
* A&E Television Networks (1998). ''Big Dogs, Little Dogs: The companion volume to the A&E special presentation'', A Lookout Book, GT Publishing. ISBN 1-57719-353-9 (hardcover).
* A&E Television Networks (1998). ''Big Dogs, Little Dogs: The companion volume to the A&E special presentation'', A Lookout Book, GT Publishing. ISBN 1-57719-353-9 (hardcover).
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* Cunliffe, Juliette (2004). ''The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds''. Parragon Publishing. ISBN 0-7525-8276-3.
* Cunliffe, Juliette (2004). ''The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds''. Parragon Publishing. ISBN 0-7525-8276-3.
* Derr, Mark (2004). ''Dog's Best Friend: Annals of the Dog-Human Relationship''. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-14280-9
* Derr, Mark (2004). ''Dog's Best Friend: Annals of the Dog-Human Relationship''. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-14280-9
* Donaldson, Jean (1997). ''The Culture Clash''. James & Kenneth Publishers. ISBN 1-888047-05-4 (paperback).
* Donaldson, Jéan (1997). ''The Culture Clash''. James & Kenneth Publishers. ISBN 1-888047-05-4 (paperback).
* Fogle, Bruce, DVM (2000). ''The New Encyclopedia of the Dog''. Doring Kindersley (DK). ISBN 0-7894-6130-7.
* Fogle, Bruce, DVM (2000). ''The New Encyclopedia of the Dog''. Doring Kindersley (DK). ISBN 0-7894-6130-7.
* Grenier, Roger (2000). ''The Difficulty of Being a Dog''. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-30828-6
* Grenier, Roger (2000). ''The Difficulty of Being a Dog''. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-30828-6
* Milani, Myrna M. (1986). ''The Body Language and Emotion of Dogs: A practical guide to the Physical and Behavioral Displays Owners and Dogs Exchange and How to Use Them to Create a Lasting Bond'', William Morrow, 283 pages. ISBN 0-688-12841-6 (trade paperback).
* Milani, Myrna M. (1986). ''The Body Language and Emotion of Dogs: A practical guide to the Physical and Behavioral Displays Owners and Dogs Exchange and How to Use Them to Create a Lasting Bond'', William Morrow, 283 pages. ISBN 0-688-12841-6 (trade paperback).
* Pfaffenberger, Clare (1971). ''New Knowledge of Dog Behavior''. Wiley, ISBN 0-87605-704-0 (hardcover); Dogwise Publications, 2001, 208 pages, ISBN 1-929242-04-2 (paperback).
* Pfaffenberger, Clare (1971). ''New Knowledge of Dog Behavior''. Wiley, ISBN 0-87605-704-0 (hardcover); Dogwise Publications, 2001, 208 pages, ISBN 1-929242-04-2 (paperback).
* Savolainen, P. et al. (2002). Genetic Evidence for an East Asian Origin of Domestic Dogs. ''Science'' '''298'''. 5598: 1610–1613.
* Savolainen, P. et al. (2002). Genetic Evidence for an éast Asian Origin of Domestic Dogs. ''Science'' '''298'''. 5598: 1610–1613.
* Shook, Larry (1995). "Breeders Can Hazardous to Health", ''The Puppy Report: How to Select a Healthy, Happy Dog'', Chapter Two, pp. 13–34. Ballantine, 130 pages, ISBN 0-345-38439-3 (mass market paperback); Globe Pequot, 1992, ISBN 1-55821-140-3 (hardcover; this is much cheaper should you buy).
* Shook, Larry (1995). "Breeders Can Hazardous to Health", ''The Puppy Report: How to Select a Healthy, Happy Dog'', Chapter Two, pp.&nbsp;13–34. Ballantine, 130 pages, ISBN 0-345-38439-3 (mass market paperback); Globe Pequot, 1992, ISBN 1-55821-140-3 (hardcover; this is much chéaper should you buy).
* Shook, Larry (1995). ''The Puppy Report: How to Select a Healthy, Happy Dog'', Chapter Four, "Hereditary Problems in Purebred Dogs", pp. 57–72. Ballantine, 130 pages, ISBN 0-345-38439-3 (mass market paperback); Globe Pequot, 1992, ISBN 1-55821-140-3 (hardcover; this is much cheaper should you buy).
* Shook, Larry (1995). ''The Puppy Report: How to Select a Healthy, Happy Dog'', Chapter Four, "Hereditary Problems in Purebred Dogs", pp.&nbsp;57–72. Ballantine, 130 pages, ISBN 0-345-38439-3 (mass market paperback); Globe Pequot, 1992, ISBN 1-55821-140-3 (hardcover; this is much chéaper should you buy).
* Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (1993). ''The Hidden Life of Dogs'' (hardcover), A Peter Davison Book, Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-66958-8.
* Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (1993). ''The Hidden Life of Dogs'' (hardcover), A Peter Davison Book, Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-66958-8.
* Verginelli, F. et al. (2005). Mitochondrial DNA from Prehistoric Canids Highlights Relationships Between Dogs and South-East European Wolves. ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' '''22''': 2541–2551.
* Verginelli, F. et al. (2005). Mitochondrial DNA from Prehistoric Canids Highlights Relationships Between Dogs and South-éast Européan Wolves. ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' '''22''': 2541–2551.
* Trumler, Eberhard. ''Mit dem Hund auf du; Zum Verständnis seines Wesens und Verhaltens'' (in German); 4. Auflage Januar 1996; R. Piper GmbH & Co. KG, München
* Trumler, Eberhard. ''Mit dem Hund auf du; Zum Verständnis seines Wesens und Verhaltens'' (in German); 4. Auflage Januar 1996; R. Piper GmbH & Co. KG, München
* ''Small animal internal medicine'', RW Nelson, Couto page 107
* ''Small animal internal medicine'', RW Nelson, Couto page 107
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{{Wikispecies}}
{{Wikispecies}}
* [http://www.akc.org/ American Kennel Club]
* [http://www.akc.org/ American Kennel Club]
* [http://www.ankc.aust.com/breed_list.html Australian National Kennel Club]
* [http://www.ankc.aust.com/breed_list.html Australian National Kennel Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116235432/http://www.ankc.aust.com/breed_list.html |date=2006-11-16 }}
* [http://www.ckc.ca/ Canadian Kennel Club]
* [http://www.ckc.ca/ Canadian Kennel Club]
* [http://www.fci.be/home.asp?lang=en Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) - World Canine Organisation]
* [http://www.fci.be/home.asp?lang=en Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) - World Canine Organisation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061218004220/http://www.fci.be/home.asp?lang=en |date=2006-12-18 }}
* [http://www.nzkc.org.nz/dogselect.html New Zealand Kennel Club]
* [http://www.nzkc.org.nz/dogselect.html New Zealand Kennel Club]
* [http://www.the-kennel-club.org.uk/ The Kennel Club (UK)]
* [http://www.the-kennel-club.org.uk/ The Kennel Club (UK)]
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[[Kategori:Anjing]]
[[Kategori:Anjing]]
[[Kategori:Canis]]
[[Kategori:Sato nyusuan]]

Révisi mangsa 11 April 2023 05.21

Anjing doméstik
Temporal range: Pléistosin Ahir – Kiwari
Status konservasi
Domesticated
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:
Eukaryota
Karajaan:
Animalia
Filum:
Chordata
Kelas:
Mammalia
Ordo:
Carnivora
Kulawarga:
Canidae
Génus:
Canis
Spésiés:
C. lupus
Subspésiés:
C. l. familiaris
Ngaran trinomial
Canis lupus familiaris
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Anjing (Canis lupus familiaris) nyaéta subspésiés doméstikasi ajag/srigala hawuk (grey wolf), mamalia ti kulawarga Canidae ordo Carnivora.[1] Istilah ieu nujul boh ka nu liar atawa nu diingu sarta kadang dipaké pikeun anjing liar ti subspésiés atawa spésiés séjén. Anjing doméstik dalit jeung manusa, boh keur diala gawéna atawa pikeun kalangenan, jeung—pikeun sababaraha masarakat—pikeun didahar.[1] Di sakuliah jagat, kira-kira aya 400 juta anjing[2].

Kiwari, anjing geus mekar jadi ratusan turunan. Jangkungna (diukur nepi ka tonggong) aya nu ukur sababaraha inci (anjing Chihuahua), tapi aya ogé anu nepi ka sababaraha kaki (Irish Wolfhound); kelirna aya nu bodas, aya ogé nu hideung lestreng; sedengkeun buluna ti nu pondok pisan nepi ka sababaraha sénti, ti nu lempeng nepi ka nu galing[3].

Taksonomi

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Anjing mimitina diasupkeun kana Canis familiaris jeung "Canis familiarus domesticus" ku Linnaeus taun 1758[4]. Taun 1993, anjing diklasifikasi ulang jadi subspésiés srigala hawuk, Canis lupus, ku Smithsonian Institution jeung American Society of Mammalogists.

Asal-usul

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Dumasar kana bukti DNA, karuhun anjing misah ti srigala lianna kira 100.000 taun ka tukang[5][6], sarta mimiti diingu tina srigala hawuk kira 15.000 taun ka tukang[7]. Ku kituna, anjing téh jadi spésiés munggaran anu didoméstikasi ku manusa.

Bukti nu aya nunjukkeun yén anjing téh munggaran didoméstikasi di Asia Wétan, sigana di Cina [8], sedengkeun nu aya di Amérika Kalér mah istuning bawaan ti Asia[8].

Nuturkeun ngumbarana manusa ka sakuliah dunya, anjing lahir jadi rupa-rupa. Révolusi tatanén jeung masarakatna lajeng ngadorong tumuwuhna populasi anjing sarta lahirna kabutuh kana anjing anu boga kabisa husus. Kaayaan ieu ngadorong ayana kawin seléktif ngarah ngahasilkeun anjing anu boga kabisa.

Katurunan jeung sajarah doméstikasi

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  Artikel utama: Origin of the domestic dog.
Ieu mozaik kuna, kawasna Romawi, nempokeun hiji anjing gedé make panyangcang diba beuheung keur moro jeung hiji singa.

Rujukan

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  • Dog. Wikipédia basa Inggris. Disalin 13 Agustus 2008.
  1. ↑ a b Jonathan, Rigg (1862). A Dictionary of the Sunda Language of Java. Universitas Harvard: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. 
  2. ↑ Coppinger, Ray (2001). Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution. pp. p352. 0684855305. 
  3. ↑ The Complete dog book : the photograph, history, and official standard of every breed admitted to AKC registration, and the selection, training, breeding, care, and feeding of pure-bred dogs. New York: Howell Book House, 1992. ISBN 0876054645
  4. ↑ ITIS Standard Report Page: Canis familiarus domesticus
  5. ↑ Vila, Carles; Carles Vila, Peter Savolainen, Jesus E. Maldonado, Isabel R. Amorim, John E. Rice, Rodney L. Honeycutt, Keith A. Crandall, Joakim Lundeberg, Wayne, Robert F. (1997-01-30; accepted 1997-04-14). "Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog" (pdf). Science 276: 1687–1689. doi:10.1126/science.276.5319.1687. http://www.mnh.si.edu/GeneticsLab/StaffPage/MaldonadoJ/PublicationsCV/Science_Dog_Paper.pdf. Diakses pada 2006-12-09.  Archived 2012-01-26 di Wayback Machine
  6. ↑ Kerstin, Lindblad-Toh; Claire M Wade, Tarjei S. Mikkelsen, Elinor K. Karlsson, David B. Jaffe, Michael Kamal, Michele Clamp, Jean L. Chang, Edward J. Kulbokas III, Michael C. Zody, Evan Mauceli, Xiaohui Xie, Matthew Breen, Robert K. Wayne, Elaine A. Ostrander, Chris P. Ponting, Francis Galibert, Douglas R. Smith, Pieter J. deJong, Ewen Kirkness, Pablo Alvarez, Tara Biagi, William Brockman, Jonathan Butler, Chee-Wye Chin, April Cook, James Cuff, Mark J. Daly, David DeCaprio, Sante Gnerre, Manfred Grabherr, Manolis Kellis, Michael Kleber, Carolyne Bardeleben, Leo Goodstadt, Andreas Heger, Christophe Hitte, Lisa Kim, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Heidi G. Parker, John P. Pollinger, Stephen M. J. Searle, Nathan B. Sutter, Rachael Thomas, Caleb Webber (2005-12-08). "Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog". Nature 438: 803–819. doi:10.1038/nature04338. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7069/abs/nature04338.html. 
  7. ↑ McGourty, Christine (2002-11-22). "Origin of dogs traced". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 2006-11-29. 
  8. ↑ a b Savolainen, Peter; Ya-ping Zhang, Jing Luo, Joakim Lundeberg, and Thomas Leitner (2002-11-22). "Genetic Evidence for an East Asian Origin of Domestic Dogs". Science 298 (5598): 1610–1613. doi:10.1126/science.1073906. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...298.1610S. 
  • Abrantes, Roger (1999). Dogs Home Alone. Wakan Tanka, 46 pages. ISBN 0-9660484-2-3 (paperback).
  • A&E Television Networks (1998). Big Dogs, Little Dogs: The companion volume to the A&E special presentation, A Lookout Book, GT Publishing. ISBN 1-57719-353-9 (hardcover).
  • Alderton, David (1984). The Dog, Chartwell Books. ISBN 0-89009-786-0.
  • Bloch, Günther. Die Pizza-Hunde (in German), 2007, Franckh-Kosmos-Verlags GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart,ISBN 9783440109861
  • Brewer, Douglas J. (2002) Dogs in Antiquity: Anubis to Cerberus: The Origins of the Domestic Dog, Aris & Phillips ISBN 0-85668-704-9
  • Coppinger, Raymond and Lorna Coppinger (2002). Dogs: A New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution, University of Chicago Press ISBN 0-226-11563-1
  • Cunliffe, Juliette (2004). The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds. Parragon Publishing. ISBN 0-7525-8276-3.
  • Derr, Mark (2004). Dog's Best Friend: Annals of the Dog-Human Relationship. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-14280-9
  • Donaldson, Jéan (1997). The Culture Clash. James & Kenneth Publishers. ISBN 1-888047-05-4 (paperback).
  • Fogle, Bruce, DVM (2000). The New Encyclopedia of the Dog. Doring Kindersley (DK). ISBN 0-7894-6130-7.
  • Grenier, Roger (2000). The Difficulty of Being a Dog. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-30828-6
  • Milani, Myrna M. (1986). The Body Language and Emotion of Dogs: A practical guide to the Physical and Behavioral Displays Owners and Dogs Exchange and How to Use Them to Create a Lasting Bond, William Morrow, 283 pages. ISBN 0-688-12841-6 (trade paperback).
  • Pfaffenberger, Clare (1971). New Knowledge of Dog Behavior. Wiley, ISBN 0-87605-704-0 (hardcover); Dogwise Publications, 2001, 208 pages, ISBN 1-929242-04-2 (paperback).
  • Savolainen, P. et al. (2002). Genetic Evidence for an éast Asian Origin of Domestic Dogs. Science 298. 5598: 1610–1613.
  • Shook, Larry (1995). "Breeders Can Hazardous to Health", The Puppy Report: How to Select a Healthy, Happy Dog, Chapter Two, pp. 13–34. Ballantine, 130 pages, ISBN 0-345-38439-3 (mass market paperback); Globe Pequot, 1992, ISBN 1-55821-140-3 (hardcover; this is much chéaper should you buy).
  • Shook, Larry (1995). The Puppy Report: How to Select a Healthy, Happy Dog, Chapter Four, "Hereditary Problems in Purebred Dogs", pp. 57–72. Ballantine, 130 pages, ISBN 0-345-38439-3 (mass market paperback); Globe Pequot, 1992, ISBN 1-55821-140-3 (hardcover; this is much chéaper should you buy).
  • Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (1993). The Hidden Life of Dogs (hardcover), A Peter Davison Book, Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-66958-8.
  • Verginelli, F. et al. (2005). Mitochondrial DNA from Prehistoric Canids Highlights Relationships Between Dogs and South-éast Européan Wolves. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22: 2541–2551.
  • Trumler, Eberhard. Mit dem Hund auf du; Zum Verständnis seines Wesens und Verhaltens (in German); 4. Auflage Januar 1996; R. Piper GmbH & Co. KG, München
  • Small animal internal medicine, RW Nelson, Couto page 107

Tumbu kaluar

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Pék paluruh émbaran nu leuwih loba ngeunaan Anjing ku jalan nyungsi proyék sabaraya Wikipédia
Définisi kamus ti Wiktionary
Buku téks ti Wikibooks
Cutatan ti Wikiquote
Téks sumber ti Wikisource
Gambar jeung média ti Commons
Warta ti Wikinews
Sumber pangajaran ti Wikiversity
Wikispecies mibanda émbaran ngeunaan: Anjing


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