import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap, netcdftime
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from datetime import datetime
from numpy import ma
# example showing how to compute the day/night terminator and shade nightime
# areas on a map.
def epem(date):
"""
input: date - datetime object (assumed UTC)
ouput: gha - Greenwich hour angle, the angle between the Greenwich
meridian and the meridian containing the subsolar point.
dec - solar declination.
"""
dg2rad = np.pi/180.
rad2dg = 1./dg2rad
# compute julian day from UTC datetime object.
jday = netcdftime.JulianDayFromDate(date)
jd = np.floor(jday) # truncate to integer.
# utc hour.
ut = d.hour + d.minute/60. + d.second/3600.
# calculate number of centuries from J2000
t = (jd + (ut/24.) - 2451545.0) / 36525.
# mean longitude corrected for aberration
l = (280.460 + 36000.770 * t) % 360
# mean anomaly
g = 357.528 + 35999.050 * t
# ecliptic longitude
lm = l + 1.915 * np.sin(g*dg2rad) + 0.020 * np.sin(2*g*dg2rad)
# obliquity of the ecliptic
ep = 23.4393 - 0.01300 * t
# equation of time
eqtime = -1.915*np.sin(g*dg2rad) - 0.020*np.sin(2*g*dg2rad) \
+ 2.466*np.sin(2*lm*dg2rad) - 0.053*np.sin(4*lm*dg2rad)
# Greenwich hour angle
gha = 15*ut - 180 + eqtime
# declination of sun
dec = np.arcsin(np.sin(ep*dg2rad) * np.sin(lm*dg2rad)) * rad2dg
return gha, dec
def daynightgrid(date, nlons):
"""
date is datetime object (assumed UTC).
nlons is # of longitudes used to compute terminator."""
dg2rad = np.pi/180.
lons = np.linspace(-180,180,nlons).astype(np.float32)
# compute greenwich hour angle and solar declination
# from datetime object (assumed UTC).
tau, dec = epem(date)
# compute day/night terminator from hour angle, declination.
longitude = lons + tau
lats = np.arctan(-np.cos(longitude*dg2rad)/np.tan(dec*dg2rad))/dg2rad
# create day/night grid (1 for night, 0 for day)
nlats = ((nlons-1)/2)+1
lons2 = np.linspace(-180,180,nlons).astype(np.float32)
lats2 = np.linspace(-90,90,nlats).astype(np.float32)
lons2, lats2 = np.meshgrid(lons2,lats2)
lats = lats[np.newaxis,:]*np.ones((nlats,nlons),dtype=np.float32)
daynight = np.ones(lons2.shape, np.int8)
daynight = np.where(lats2>lats,0,daynight)
daynight = ma.array(daynight,mask=1-daynight) # mask day areas.
return lons2,lats2,daynight
class Basemap2(Basemap):
def nightshade(self,date,color="0.5",nlons=1441,alpha=0.5,zorder=None):
# create grid of day=0, night=1
# 1441 means use a 0.25 degree grid.
lons,lats,daynight = daynightgrid(date,nlons)
x,y = self(lons,lats)
# contour the day-night grid, coloring the night area
# with the specified color and transparency.
CS = map.contourf(x,y,daynight,1,colors=[color],alpha=alpha)
# set zorder on ContourSet collections show night shading
# is on top.
for c in CS.collections:
if zorder is None:
c.set_zorder(c.get_zorder()+1)
else:
c.set_zorder(zorder)
return CS
# miller projection
map = Basemap2(projection='mill',lon_0=0)
# plot coastlines, draw label meridians and parallels.
map.drawcoastlines()
map.drawparallels(np.arange(-90,90,30),labels=[1,0,0,0])
map.drawmeridians(np.arange(-180,180,60),labels=[0,0,0,1])
# fill continents 'coral' (with zorder=0), color wet areas 'aqua'
map.drawmapboundary(fill_color='aqua')
map.fillcontinents(color='coral',lake_color='aqua')
# shade the night areas gray, with alpha transparency so the
# map shows through.
# use current time in UTC.
CS=map.nightshade(datetime.utcnow())
plt.title('Day/Night Map for %s (UTC)' %d )
plt.show()
