dev-cpp-users Mailing List for Dev-C++ (Page 16)

I am not sure if I am doing this right...


I copied the following from the bottom of the messages posted and then 
attempted to go to this site Sunday morning, but could not get to it.  Did I do 
something wrong?

<A HREF="http://www.noicys.cjb.net/devcpp/ub.htm">http://www.noicys.cjb.net/devcpp/ub.htm</A>


Charles Starkey

David McKen wrote:

>Does anyone have any suggestions for a good book on game
>A.I.
>I would like one that deals with the aspects dealt with
>RPG-type games.
>I need to control the Non-Player Characters in the game I
>am writing.
>
>Thanks.
>
> =20
>
I don=B4t know a book, but a website:
http://www.ai-depot.com

Hope it may help you.

--=20
---------------------------------------------------
     Ricardo Amores Hern=E1ndez
---------------------------------------------------
* Para contestar borra QUITAESTO de la direccion.
* Remove QUITAESTO for reply.

PS> It compiles and runs at my computer.

The problem is in the makefile... must be something wrong with Dev's
installation. Try re-installing it.
________________________________________

Abhijit Shylanath
http://mudeth.tripod.com/

It compiles and runs at my computer.

Using DevCPP 4.8

-----Original Message-----
From: dev...@li...
[mailto:dev...@li...]On Behalf Of Urban
Ljungberg
Sent: zondag 1 juni 2003 19:36
To: dev...@li...
Subject: [Dev-C++] Error: Makefile.win 18, Colon expected


I get this error when I'm compiling my program

#include <windows.h>

int WINAPI
WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst,
	HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	LPSTR lpCmdLine,
        int nCmdShow)
{
	MessageBox (NULL, "Hello World! This is my first WIN32 program",
                "Ramones", MB_OK);
	return 0;
}


What is the problem?

/Urban


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I get this error when I'm compiling my program

#include <windows.h>

int WINAPI
WinMain(HINSTANCE hInst,
	HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	LPSTR lpCmdLine,
        int nCmdShow)
{
	MessageBox (NULL, "Hello World! This is my first WIN32 program",
                "Ramones", MB_OK);
	return 0;
}


What is the problem?

/Urban

    Thanks both teosoft and Marcel. You helped me a lot. I think it is=20
suficient for me to write my own routines.

    []s
    Juliano

Teosoft wrote:

>Juliano,
>
>if you want a library to do so, try jpeglib
>
>For more information about the format try
>JPEG-FAQ
>The independent JPEG group web page http://www.ijg.org/=20
>The JPEG Comitte site (www.jpeg.org).
>
>Teosoft.
>
> =20
>
>>  Does anyone know where I can find information - any website - on=20
>>reading/writing JPEG files?
>>
>>  Thanks for any help.
>>  Juliano
>>   =20
>>
>
>---Publicidad--------------------------------------------------------
>=DAnete a los miles de sin pareja en Meetic... =A1te vas a enamorar!
>http://www.iespana.es/_reloc/email.meetic
>
>
>
>
>-------------------------------------------------------
>This SF.net email is sponsored by: eBay
>Get office equipment for less on eBay!
>http://adfarm.mediaplex.com/ad/ck/711-11697-6916-5
>_______________________________________________
>Dev-cpp-users mailing list
>Dev...@li...
>TO UNSUBSCRIBE: http://www.noicys.cjb.net/devcpp/ub.htm
>https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/dev-cpp-users
>
> =20
>

--=20
Visite minha p=E1gina: http://www.jpavel.kit.net

Hey i learn by discussing here myself too. :)







Ioannis Vranos

* Programming pages: http://www.noicys.freeurl.com
* Alternative URL 1: http://run.to/noicys
* Alternative URL 2: http://www.noicys.cjb.net 



-----Original Message-----
From: dev...@li...
[mailto:dev...@li...] On Behalf Of Ronald
Sent: Sunday, June 01, 2003 9:41 AM
To: Dev-C List
Subject: [Dev-C++] Beginners corner...


At the risk of being flamed.

Is this the appropriate list for beginners to watch and learn from or is
there a more appropriate forum for me?

Ronald wrote:
> At the risk of being flamed.
>  
> Is this the appropriate list for beginners to watch and learn from or is 
> there a more appropriate forum for me?

It depends on what do you want to begin with :)
If it is C/C++ in general with Dev-C++ environment, then yes, you are at 
the right place!

--
Greetings,
   Balázs

Hi Ronald



  At the risk of being flamed.

  Is this the appropriate list for beginners to watch and learn from or =
is there a more appropriate forum for me?

Thanks for bringing up this question. I'm a beginner and was wondering =
the same thing as you did.=20

Anyway.. I've been watching this list for quite a bit .. I did learn a =
little but most of the time.... I really do not understand what they are =
talking about. Guess I'll just have to develop on my own first.. :)

Anyway.. good to see another beginner joining this list.. makes me feel =
more at home..=20

At the risk of being flamed.

Is this the appropriate list for beginners to watch and learn from or is
there a more appropriate forum for me?

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Per Westermark [mailto:pw...@ia...]=20
> Sent: Sunday, June 01, 2003 2:24 AM
> To: Ioannis Vranos
> Cc: Dev-C++ Mailing List
> Subject: RE: [Dev-C++] #DEFINE versus cont variables in array=20
> inicializations
>=20
>=20
> You do realise that a reference is just a slightly modified=20
> pointer, with
> required initialization and without any pointer manipulation allowed.


Yes.


=20
> While you could do:
>   const int &ref =3D 7;
> the majority of code using references does:
>   int var =3D 7;
>   const int &ref =3D var;


Not only. Consider the numerous functions and methods getting const T &. =
If
you mean by functionality, then yes.


=20
> Since 'const int &ref' allows for aliasing, i.e. that you have other
> access methods to change the value that the reference points to, it is
> hard - and often impossible - for the compiler to consider=20
> optimization
> from a reference.



No. Consider A string literal like "string". It has an address (behaves =
as a
const char * const array), but it can be optimised away.




=20
> Since a reference - like a pointer - is an indirect access=20
> method, they
> are not optimal for object access, unless you do a lot of localized
> accesses using the same reference, in which case the compiler=20
> may cache
> the reference in a register and thereby getting the same=20
> access times as
> for a variable with a fixed address.=20


When talking about optimizations let's not mention possible run-time
optimisations, only compile time optimisations. Not to mention the fact =
that
registers are controlled by the OS in a non-dedicated system.

In any case we are talking about compiler (compile time) optimisations =
and
in particular about inlining.




> Pointers and references are
> at their best when you have a large object that you don't=20
> want to send as
> a value, i.e. instead of a function taking a large struct as=20
> parameter, it
> can take a reference to that struct.



Yes.



> However, that reference is - internally to the machine -=20
> identical to a
> pointer, and when the compiler tries to access anything through the
> reference, it have to do an indirection.


Yes and no. It depends on what the compiler produces (and in our =
discussion
what the compiler can do in theory).



> A reference isn't sometihng of zero size that doesn't exist.=20


References do not have an address because they were invented exactly so =
as
in many cases to not occupy space by themselves.



> Except for
> rare cases when the compiler is 100% sure about what it points to, the
> reference have the same size - and will generate identical code - as a
> pointer.


In many cases yes. But the rest are not rare cases. Example:



template <class T>
void something(const T &x)
{
  // ...
}



something("literal");



The literal would be easy to be inlined.



=20
> The whole id=E9a with a pointer or a reference is to either=20
> allow a variable
> to point at different entities of something (such as when a=20
> constructor or
> function takes a reference without knowing at compile time=20
> what it will be
> initialized to) or when you have an object too large to send as a
> parameter.


Yes.


> In both these cases, it is impossible for the compiler to=20
> optimize away
> the address value stored by the reference, since that would=20
> either make
> the constructor or function only supporting a hardcoded parameter,


In the first case yes.


> or
> would in the second case force the large object to be sent on=20
> the stack
> instead of just the address of the object.



No. Why?



class whatever
{
 int x;

 public:
 whatever(int y):x(y) {}
 =20
  operator int() const { return x; }
 // ...
};



template <class T>
inline const T &something(const T &x)
{
  return x+1;
}


int x;

whatever v(7);

x=3Dsomething(v);



In the above case the compiler can optimise out the passing of whatever =
to
something().




=20
> So:
>   const int &ref =3D 7;
> would normally consume (sizeof(void*) + sizeof(int))


Something similar to sizeof(int *) + sizeof(int), if it creates a =
temporary
(which will have lifetime till the end of the scope). But nothing =
prohibits
it to inline it  as it can also inline a const int var=3D7;  I am not =
talking
what the current version of MINGW does here.



The bottom line is do you agree that a compiler can inline a const =
reference
as it can inline a const variable? If you agree it's ok, if you do not
agree, we cannot agree. :)




Ioannis Vranos
=20
* Programming pages: http://www.noicys.freeurl.com
* Alternative URL 1: http://run.to/noicys
* Alternative URL 2: http://www.noicys.cjb.net