Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is an obstructive lung disease. It is caused by inflammation of the bronchi. It is sometimes said to be part of the group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. People with bronchiectasis have swollen bronchi.
Signs
People with bronchiectasis have signs and symptoms such as: pain in the chest, tiredness, bad breath, sinusitis, coughing up blood (haemoptysis). 3 out of 4 people cough up a lot of sputum that is green or pale yellow. 9 out of 10 people with the disease have a cough that does not go away.
Types
There are three kinds of bronchiectasis. These are:
- Cylindrical bronchiectasis
- Varicose bronchiectasis
- Saccular or cystic - This is the most severe type. It is often found in people with cystic fibrosis.
Causes
People can be born with bronchiectasis or they can develop it later. In about 4 out of 10 cases, a cause is found. People who have rheumatoid arthiritis and smoke are ten times more likely to have the disease.[1] Patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency have also been found to be more likely to get bronchiectasis but it is not known why.[2]
Diagnosis
It is usually diagnosed using a CT scan.
Treatment
Antibiotics are used to treat bronchiectasis. It can also be treated with other drugs. Sometimes surgery is needed.
Prevention
To prevent bronchiectasis, it is essential to avoid lung infections and lung damage that can cause it. Children should get vaccines to protect against measles, whooping cough, and pneumonia. Parents should watch their children to prevent them from breathing in small objects like food or toys. People with bronchiectasis should avoid smoking and breathing in harmful fumes or gases that can cause infections and more problems.
To slow down the progress of this long-term disease, doctors try to the airways clear and remove mucus from the lungs with drugs oe surgery. Antibiotics can be used to treat infections and stop the cycle of damage and more infections. A machine might be used to help the patient breathe if needed. Regular vaccines for pneumonia, the flu, and whooping cough can also help. Maintaining a healthy body weight and seeing a doctor regularly can also be helpful. The severity of symptoms and the extent of damage seen on X-rays can affect how likely a person is to survive this disease.
History
René Laennec wrote the first description of bronchiectasis in 1819.[3]
References
- ↑ Kaushik, V; Hutchinson, D; Desmond, J; Lynch, M; Dawson, J (1 August 2004). "Association between bronchiectasis and smoking in patients with rheumatoid arthritis". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 63 (8): 1001–1002. doi:10.1136/ard.2003.015123. PMC 1755104. PMID 15249329.
- ↑ Shin MS, Ho KJ (1993). "Bronchiectasis in patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. A rare occurrence?". Chest 104 (5): 1384–86. doi:10.1378/chest.104.5.1384. PMID 8222792.
- ↑ Roguin, Ariel (1 September 2006). "Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781–1826): The Man Behind the Stethoscope". Clinical Medicine and Research. 4 (3): 230–235. doi:10.3121/cmr.4.3.230. PMC 1570491. PMID 17048358.