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'''Boko Haram''' is a branch of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]. It has been active in [[Nigeria]] since 2009. The name of the group means "Western" or "non-Islamic" education is a [[sin]].<ref>http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news/21270-boko-haram-is-battle-for-2015-says-chukwumerije.html</ref> The group is active in the north of Nigeria, and wants to impose [[Sharia|Islamic law]] as the only law in Nigeria.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201102030036.html allAfrica.com: Nigeria: We Are Responsible for Borno Killings, Says Boko Haram<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It also wants to outlaw education that is not based on Islam in the country. The group sees itself as similar to the [[Taliban]], which are active in [[Afghanistan]]. Locally, the group is known as the "Taliban". The official name of the group is ''Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad'', which in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] means "People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and [[Jihad]]."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14136185 | work=BBC News | title=Nigeria policemen in court trial for Boko Haram killing | date=2011-07-13}}</ref>
[[File:OtagesBokoHaram2015VOA.PNG|thumb|Women and children, who had been [[hostage]]s of Boko Haram, after being freed by government troops.]]
[[File:Militaire nigériens contre Boko Haram, mars 2015..jpg|thumb|[[Nigeria|Nigerian]] [[military]], and a killed fighter, supposedly from Boko Haram]]
[[File:AQMI Flag.svg|thumb|Flag of Boko Haram]]
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'''Boko Haram''' is a branch of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]. The name of the group means "[[Western world|Western]]" or "non-[[Islam]]ic" education is a [[sin]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news/21270-boko-haram-is-battle-for-2015-says-chukwumerije.html |title=The Nation - Boko Haram is battle for 2015, says Chukwumerije |access-date=2011-11-05 |archive-date=2012-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101004027/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news/21270-boko-haram-is-battle-for-2015-says-chukwumerije.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The group is centred in [[Borno State]] in northeastern [[Nigeria]]. It wants to make [[Sharia|Islamic law]] the only law in Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201102030036.html|title=allAfrica.com: Nigeria: We Are Responsible for Borno Killings, Says Boko Haram<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> It also wants to outlaw education that is not based on Islam. The group sees itself as similar to the [[Taliban]], which are active in [[Afghanistan]]. Locally, the group is known as the "Taliban". The official name of the group is ''Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad'', which in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] means "People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and [[Jihad]]." <ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14136185 | work=BBC News | title=Nigeria policemen in court trial for Boko Haram killing | date=2011-07-13}}</ref> They also call themselves 'Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP).


The group was formed in [[Maiduguri]] in 2002. They follow [[Sunni Islam]]. Local residents of the area soon called the group Boko Haram. Loosely translated from the local [[Hausa language]], this means Western education is forbidden. Residents gave it the name because of its strong opposition to Western education, which it sees as corrupting Muslims.<ref name='bbc20110826'>{{cite news | first = Farouk | last = Chothia | title = Who are Nigeria's Boko Haram Islamists? | date = 2011-08-26 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13809501 | work = BBC News | accessdate = 2011-09-01}}</ref> The term "Boko Haram" comes from the Hausa word 'boko' meaning "Animist, western or otherwise non-Islamic education" and the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word 'haram' figuratively meaning "sin" (literally, "forbidden").<ref name='enigma'>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's 'Taliban' enigma |work=BBC News |date=2009-07-28 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/africa/8172270.stm |accessdate=2009-07-28 }}</ref><ref>[http://maguzawa.dyndns.ws/ maguzawa.dyndns.ws (Hausa-English dictionary)]</ref><ref>*{{Cite book| last=Coulmas | first=Florian | authorlink=Florian Coulmas | coauthors= | title=The Blackwell encyclopedia of writing systems | year=1999 | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | location= | isbn=063121481X | page=196}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| last=Austin | first=Peter K. | authorlink=Peter K. Austin | coauthors= | title= One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost | date= | publisher=University of California Press | location= | isbn=0520255607 | page=64}}</ref>
The group was formed in [[Maiduguri]], Borno State, in 2002. [[Boko Haram insurgency|Its]] [[insurgency]] began in 2009. They follow an extreme version of [[Sunni Islam]]. Local residents of the area soon called the group Boko Haram. Loosely translated from the local [[Hausa language]], this means Western education is forbidden. Residents gave it the name because of its strong opposition to Western education, which it sees as corrupting Muslims.<ref name='bbc20110826'>{{cite news | first = Farouk | last = Chothia | title = Who are Nigeria's Boko Haram Islamists? | date = 2011-08-26 | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13809501 | work = BBC News | access-date = 2011-09-01}}</ref> The term "Boko Haram" comes from the Hausa word 'boko' meaning "Animist, western or otherwise non-Islamic education" and the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word 'haram' figuratively meaning "sin" (literally, "forbidden").<ref name='enigma'>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria's 'Taliban' enigma |work=BBC News |date=2009-07-28 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/africa/8172270.stm |access-date=2009-07-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://maguzawa.dyndns.ws/|title=On-line Bargery Hausa-English Dictionary|website=maguzawa.dyndns.ws}}</ref><ref>*{{Cite book| last=Coulmas | first=Florian | title=The Blackwell encyclopedia of writing systems | year=1999 | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | isbn=063121481X | page=196}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| last=Austin | first=Peter K. | title= One Thousand Languages: living, endangered, and lost | year=2008 | url=https://archive.org/details/onethousandlangu0000unse | publisher=University of California Press | isbn=978-0520255609 | page=[https://archive.org/details/onethousandlangu0000unse/page/64 64]}}</ref>


Boko Haram opposes not only Western [[education]], but [[Western culture]] and [[science|modern science]] as well.<ref name = "BBC">{{Cite journal| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8169359.stm | title = Africa | publisher = BBC | location = London, England | date=2009-07-26 | accessdate=2010-01-02}}</ref> The group also forbids the wearing of [[shirt]]s and [[pants]] and the act of [[vote|voting]] in elections. In its view, the Nigerian state is run by non-believers.<ref name='bbc20110826'/>
Boko Haram opposes not only Western education, but [[Western culture]] and [[science]] as well.<ref name = "BBC">{{Cite journal| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8169359.stm | title = Africa | publisher = BBC | location = London, England | date=2009-07-26 | access-date=2010-01-02}}</ref> The group also forbids the wearing of shirts and trousers and the act of [[vote|voting]] in elections. In its view, the Nigerian state is run by non-believers.<ref name='bbc20110826'/>


In a 2009 BBC interview, Mohammed Yusuf, the group's leader at the time, stated that he rejects the fact that [[Globe|the earth is a sphere]] and views it as contrary to Islam, along with [[Darwinism]] and the fact that [[rain]] comes from water [[evaporation|evaporated]] by the sun.<ref name='enigma'/>
In a 2009 BBC [[interview]], Mohammed Yusuf, the group's leader at the time, said he rejects the fact that [[Flat Earth|the earth is a sphere]] and views it as contrary to Islam, along with [[Darwinism]] and the fact that rain comes from water [[evaporation|evaporated]] by the sun.<ref name='enigma'/>


There are a number of terrorist activities for which Boko Haram have claimed responsibility:<ref>http://buzznigeria.com/nigeria-boko-haram/</ref>
Boko Haram often carry out bombings, [[kidnapping]]s and shootings, as well as [[arson]] and [[looting]]. They have killed thousands of people in Africa, attacking [[civilian]] and [[military]] targets. There are many [[terrorist]] activities for which Boko Haram have claimed responsibility:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://buzznigeria.com/nigeria-boko-haram/|title=Boko Haram In Nigeria – A Timeline of Terror|first=Chuka|last=Udeze|date=3 March 2014|website=BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News}}</ref>
* In 2010, the group stormed and released hundreds of inmates from Bauchi prison.
* In December 2010, the group stormed and released hundreds of inmates from [[Bauchi]] prison.
* In the same month of December 2010, there was a bombing in Jos (Plateau state) that saw 80 people dead followed by an attack on Abuja barracks.
* In the same month, there was a bombing in Jos (Plateau state) that saw 80 people dead followed by an attack on Abuja barracks.
* 2010-2011 was a year in which dozens of civilians were killed in various shootings that took place in Maiduguri and in addition, the Abuja Police Headquarters and the United Nations Headquarters
* 2010-2011 was a year in which dozens of civilians were killed in various shootings that took place in Maiduguri and in addition, the [[Abuja]] Police Headquarters and the United Nations Headquarters.


Boko Haram is not associated with the group [[Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta]] which fights against the oil industry in the [[Niger Delta]], since 2006.
Boko Haram is not associated with the group [[Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta]] which fights against the [[oil industry]] in the [[Niger Delta]], since 2006.


On April 14 2014, Boko Haram kidnapped 200 [[schoolgirl]]s. Boko Haram killed at least 100 people in Baga in January 2015. About 620 buildings were damaged or destroyed by fire.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-30838153</ref>
On 14 April 2014, Boko Haram [[Chibok kidnapping|kidnapped]] 276 teenagers from a [[secondary school]] in [[Chibok]], Borno. Boko Haram killed at least 100 people in [[Baga, Borno|Baga]], Borno, in January 2015. About 620 buildings were damaged or destroyed by fire.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-30838153/nigeria-boko-haram-what-really-happened-in-baga-attack|title=What really happened in Baga attack|work=BBC News}}</ref>


Boko Haram became part of [[Islamic State]] in March 2015.
In the mid-2010s, Boko Haram extended its activities into [[Cameroon]], [[Chad]] and [[Niger]]. It became part of [[Islamic State]] in March 2015.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}

{{military-stub}}


[[Category:2002 establishments]]
[[Category:2002 establishments]]
[[Category:21st century in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Crime in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Islamic State]]
[[Category:Islamic State]]
[[Category:Nigeria]]
[[Category:Islamist militant groups]]
[[Category:Rebel militia groups in Africa]]
[[Category:Rebel militia groups in Africa]]
[[Category:Sunni organizations]]
[[Category:Sunni organizations]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Nigeria]]

Latest revision as of 23:06, 6 March 2024

Women and children, who had been hostages of Boko Haram, after being freed by government troops.
Nigerian military, and a killed fighter, supposedly from Boko Haram
Flag of Boko Haram

Boko Haram is a branch of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The name of the group means "Western" or "non-Islamic" education is a sin.[1] The group is centred in Borno State in northeastern Nigeria. It wants to make Islamic law the only law in Nigeria.[2] It also wants to outlaw education that is not based on Islam. The group sees itself as similar to the Taliban, which are active in Afghanistan. Locally, the group is known as the "Taliban". The official name of the group is Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad, which in Arabic means "People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad." [3] They also call themselves 'Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP).

The group was formed in Maiduguri, Borno State, in 2002. Its insurgency began in 2009. They follow an extreme version of Sunni Islam. Local residents of the area soon called the group Boko Haram. Loosely translated from the local Hausa language, this means Western education is forbidden. Residents gave it the name because of its strong opposition to Western education, which it sees as corrupting Muslims.[4] The term "Boko Haram" comes from the Hausa word 'boko' meaning "Animist, western or otherwise non-Islamic education" and the Arabic word 'haram' figuratively meaning "sin" (literally, "forbidden").[5][6][7][8]

Boko Haram opposes not only Western education, but Western culture and science as well.[9] The group also forbids the wearing of shirts and trousers and the act of voting in elections. In its view, the Nigerian state is run by non-believers.[4]

In a 2009 BBC interview, Mohammed Yusuf, the group's leader at the time, said he rejects the fact that the earth is a sphere and views it as contrary to Islam, along with Darwinism and the fact that rain comes from water evaporated by the sun.[5]

Boko Haram often carry out bombings, kidnappings and shootings, as well as arson and looting. They have killed thousands of people in Africa, attacking civilian and military targets. There are many terrorist activities for which Boko Haram have claimed responsibility:[10]

  • In December 2010, the group stormed and released hundreds of inmates from Bauchi prison.
  • In the same month, there was a bombing in Jos (Plateau state) that saw 80 people dead followed by an attack on Abuja barracks.
  • 2010-2011 was a year in which dozens of civilians were killed in various shootings that took place in Maiduguri and in addition, the Abuja Police Headquarters and the United Nations Headquarters.

Boko Haram is not associated with the group Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta which fights against the oil industry in the Niger Delta, since 2006.

On 14 April 2014, Boko Haram kidnapped 276 teenagers from a secondary school in Chibok, Borno. Boko Haram killed at least 100 people in Baga, Borno, in January 2015. About 620 buildings were damaged or destroyed by fire.[11]

In the mid-2010s, Boko Haram extended its activities into Cameroon, Chad and Niger. It became part of Islamic State in March 2015.

References

[change | change source]
  1. ↑ "The Nation - Boko Haram is battle for 2015, says Chukwumerije". Archived from the original on 2012-01-01. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
  2. ↑ "allAfrica.com: Nigeria: We Are Responsible for Borno Killings, Says Boko Haram".
  3. ↑ "Nigeria policemen in court trial for Boko Haram killing". BBC News. 2011-07-13.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Chothia, Farouk (2011-08-26). "Who are Nigeria's Boko Haram Islamists?". BBC News. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Nigeria's 'Taliban' enigma". BBC News. 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
  6. ↑ "On-line Bargery Hausa-English Dictionary". maguzawa.dyndns.ws.
  7. ↑ *Coulmas, Florian (1999). The Blackwell encyclopedia of writing systems. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 196. ISBN 063121481X.
  8. ↑ Austin, Peter K. (2008). One Thousand Languages: living, endangered, and lost. University of California Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0520255609.
  9. ↑ "Africa". London, England: BBC. 2009-07-26. Retrieved 2010-01-02. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ↑ Udeze, Chuka (3 March 2014). "Boko Haram In Nigeria – A Timeline of Terror". BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News.
  11. ↑ "What really happened in Baga attack". BBC News.
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