View source for User:Sonia/D minor

{{Infobox Scale
|  image_name=F-major_d-minor.svg
|  scale_name=D minor
|  relative=[[F major]]
|  parallel=[[D major]]
|  first_pitch=D
|  second_pitch=E
|  third_pitch=F
|  fourth_pitch=G
|  fifth_pitch=A
|  sixth_pitch=B{{music|flat}}
|  seventh_pitch=C
}}


'''D minor''' is a [[minor scale]] based on D.  Its [[key signature]] has one flat.

Its [[Relative key|relative major]] is [[F major]], and its [[parallel key|parallel major]] is [[D major]]. D minor is one of the two flat-signature keys whose [[Melodic minor|melodic]] and [[Harmonic minor|harmonic]] scales need a written sharp; the other is [[G minor]].

==Music in D minor==
Works in the [[classical music era]] and later that begin in a minor key often end in a major key, or at least on a major chord (as a [[picardy third]]), but there are a few notable examples of works in D minor ending in much sharper keys. Two symphonies that begin in D minor and end in [[E major]] are [[Havergal Brian]]'s ''[[Symphony No. 1 (Havergal Brian)|Gothic Symphony]]'' and [[Carl Nielsen|Nielsen]]'s ''[[Symphony No. 4 (Nielsen)|Symphony No. 4]]'' (''The Inextinguishable''). Bruckner's Ninth Symphony, which is often performed without the finale, is another example of a symphony beginning in D minor and ending in E major. [[Franz Liszt|Liszt]]'s ''[[Dante Symphony]]'' opens in D minor and ends in [[B major]].

Similar to a D minor symphony ending in [[D major]], a D major symphony can have for its allegro first movement a slow introduction in D minor. Joseph Haydn copied this procedure for the D major symphonies he wrote in London.<ref>[[H. C. Robbins Landon]], ''Supplement to The Symphonies of Joseph Haydn'' London: Barrie & Rockliff (1961): 47 "Tonic minor Adagio introductions, especially in the key of D minor, were very popular with English composers of the year 1794" </ref>

[[Johann Sebastian Bach|J. S. Bach]]'s entire ''[[The Art of Fugue]]'' is in D minor. According to [[Alfred Einstein]], the history of tuning has led D minor to be associated with counterpoint and chromaticism (for example, the [[chromatic fourth]]), for example in [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]'s chromatic Fugue in D minor.<ref>[[Alfred Einstein]], ''Mozart, His Character, His Work'', Chapter 10, "Mozart's Choice Of Keys" New York: Oxford University Press (1945)</ref> Mozart's [[Requiem (Mozart)|Requiem]] is also written mainly in D minor. Of the two piano concertos that Mozart wrote in a minor key, one of them is in D minor, [[Piano Concerto No. 20 (Mozart)|No. 20]], [[Köchel number|K.]] 466. [[Jean Sibelius|Sibelius]]'s [[Violin Concerto (Sibelius)|Violin Concerto]] is in D minor as is [[Violin Concerto (Schumann)|Schumann]]'s, although many of the best-known violin concertos are written in D major.

[[Michael Haydn]] wrote only one symphony in a minor key and it is in D minor. 151 of [[Domenico Scarlatti]]'s 555 keyboard sonatas are in minor keys, and 32 of these are in D minor, the most common minor key.

Since D minor is the key of [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]'s [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 9]], [[Anton Bruckner|Bruckner]] was worried about writing his own [[Symphony No. 9 (Bruckner)|Ninth Symphony]] in the same key.<ref>[[Hans-Hubert Schönzeler]], ''Bruckner'' London: Calder & Boyars Ltd (1978): 106 - 107. According to Göllerich, he [Bruckner] made the remark: "It really annoys me that the theme of my new symphony is in D minor, because everybody will say now: 'Of course, Bruckner's Ninth must be in the same key as Beethoven's!'"</ref>


==Notes==
<references/>
== References ==
* Sherman, Charles H. ''Johann Michael Haydn (1737-1806), a chronological thematic catalogue of his works'' New York: Pendragon Press, 1993.
{{Circle of fifths}}
<!-- [[Category:Minor scales]] -->



<!-- [[Category:Musical keys]]

[[ca:Re menor]]
[[da:D-mol]]
[[de:D-Moll]]
[[et:D-moll]]
[[es:Re menor]]
[[eo:D-minoro]]
[[nl:D mineur]]
[[ja:ニ短調]]
[[pl:D-moll]]
[[pt:Ré menor]]
[[ru:Ре минор]]
[[sr:Де-мол]]
[[uk:Ре мінор]]
[[vi:Rê thứ]]
[[zh:D小調]]
 -->