View source for Mikhail Kalinin

{{Use British English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| native_name         = {{nobold|Михаил Калинин}}
| native_name_lang    = ru
| image               = Калинин М. И. (1920) (cropped).jpg
| caption             = Kalinin in 1920
| order               = 1st
| office              = President of the Soviet Union
| premier             = {{ubl|Vyacheslav Molotov|[[Joseph Stalin]]}}
| vicepresident       = Nikolai Shvernik
| term_start          = 17 January 1938
| term_end            = 19 March 1946
| predecessor         = ''Office established''; ''Himself'' (as Chairman of the Central Executive Cqommittee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets)
| successor           = [[Nikolai Shvernik]]
| office1             = [[List of leaders of the Russian SFSR#Heads of state|Chairman]] of the [[All-Russian Central Executive Committee|Central Executive Committee]] of the [[All-Russian Congress of Soviets]]
| premier1            = {{ubl|[[Vladimir Lenin]]|[[Alexei Rykov]]|Vyacheslav Molotov}}
| term_start1         = 30 March 1919
| term_end1           = 15 July 1938
| predecessor1        = [[Yakov Sverdlov]]<br />[[Mikhail Vladimirsky]] (acting)
| successor1          = ''Office abolished''; ''Himself'' (as President)
| office2             = Full member of the [[15th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|15th]], [[16th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|16th]], [[17th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|17th]], [[18th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|18th]] [[Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Politburo]]
| term_start2         = 1 January 1926
| term_end2           = 3 June 1946
| office3             = Member of the [[Orgburo]]
| term_start3         = 16 March 1921
| term_end3           = 2 June 1924
| office4             = Candidate member of the [[8th Politburo and the 8th Secretariat of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|8th]], [[9th Politburo and the 9th Secretariat of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|9th]], [[10th Politburo and the 10th Secretariat of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|10th]], [[11th Politburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|11th]], [[12th Politburo of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|12th]], [[13th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|13th]], [[14th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|14th]] [[Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Politburo]]
| term_start4         = 25 March 1919
| term_end4           = 1 January 1926
| birth_name          = Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1875|3|19|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Kashinsky District|Verkhnyaya Troitsa]], [[Tver Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1946|6|3|1875|3|19|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Moscow]], Soviet Union
| resting_place       = [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]], Moscow
| spouse              = [[Ekaterina Kalinina|Ekaterina Ivanovna Lorberg-Kalinina]]
| party               = {{ubl|[[Russian Social Democratic Labor Party|RSDLP]] (1898–1903)|[[Russian Social Democratic Labor Party|RSDLP (Bolsheviks)]] (1903–1918)|[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] (1918–1946)}}
| occupation          = [[Politician]], [[Civil service|Civil servant]]
| signature           = БСЭ1. Автограф. Автографы. 11.svg
}}
'''Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин}}, {{IPA|ru|kɐˈlʲinʲɪn|IPA|audio=Ru-Михаил Калинин.ogg}}; 19 March 1875 – 3 June 1946)<ref>{{cite book | author=Agentstvo pechati "Novosti" | title=Socialism: Theory and Practice | publisher=Novosti Press Agency | year=1975 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=655QAQAAIAAJ | access-date=19 November 2018 | page=73}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Calendar: Thirty Years of the Soviet State, 1917–1947 | publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House | year=1947 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-QJAQAAIAAJ | access-date=19 November 2018 }}</ref><ref>Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, ''Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party: A Study in the Technology of Power.'' New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959; p. 1.</ref> was a Russian politician revolutionary who was the [[head of state]] of the [[Soviet Union]]. First as the [[List of leaders of the Russian SFSR#Heads of state|Chairman]] of the [[All-Russian Central Executive Committee|Central Executive Committee]] of the [[All-Russian Congress of Soviets]] from 1919 to 1938, then as the first [[president of the Soviet Union]] from 1938 to 1946. He is the longest-serving head of state in the country, serving for 27 years.

Although Kalinin was the president, he did not hold any real power especially under [[Joseph Stalin]], whom Kalinin had a very close relationship with. Kalinin was seen as a puppet of Stalin and that Stalin held the real power behind the scenes. In 1946, Kalinin retired from politics and died later that same year. The city of [[Tver]] was also known as Kalinin until 1990, when its historic name was restored, one year before the eventual [[fall of the Soviet Union]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category: 1875 births]]
[[Category: 1946 deaths]]
[[Category:Heads of government of the Soviet Union]]