Artiodactyl: Difference between revisions
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{{Automatic Taxobox
| name =
| fossil_range = [[Eocene]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJivCQAAQBAJ&dq=Artiodactyl+Eocene&pg=PA205|title=Paleogene Mammals: Bulletin 26|last1=Lucas|first1=Spencer G.|last2=Zeigler|first2=Kate E.|last3=Kondrashov|first3=Peter E.|date=2004-01-01|publisher=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science|isbn=|location=|pages=205|language=en}}</ref>
– Recent, 55-0 mya
| image = Gabelbock_fws_1b.jpg
| image_caption = [[Pronghorn]] (''Antilocapra americana'')
|
|
| subdivision_ranks = Suborders
| subdivision = * [[Tylopoda]]
* [[Suina]]
* [[Cetruminantia]]
**[[Ruminantia]]
**[[Hippopotamidae]]
**[[Cetacea]]
}}
The '''Artiodactyla''' are '''even-toed ungulates''',
[[Whale]]s are ocean creatures without toes, but are classified in the related super-order [[Cetartiodactyla]] because their ancestors were even toed ungulates.
== Digestion ==
Some artiodactyls are [[ruminant]]s (Ruminantia and Tylopoda). They ruminate their food—they regurgitate and re-chew it. This is a very important evolutionary advance. Their stomachs are divided into three to four sections.<ref name="EoM">{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals|publisher=Facts on File|year=1984|isbn=978-0-87196-871-5|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofma00mals_0/page/498 498–499]|editor=Macdonald, D.|author1=Janis, C.|author2=Jarman, P.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofma00mals_0/page/498}}</ref>
After eating, the food re-enters the mouth, where it is chewed again. The food passes to the "fermentation chamber" (rumen and reticulum), where [[microbe]]s ([[bacteria]], [[protozoa]], and [[fungi]]) help to break down the [[cellulose]] found in plant material.<ref name="EoM"/>
This form of digestion has two advantages: ruminants can digest plants that are indigestible to other species, and they can take less time in eating. The animal spends only a short time out in the open with his head to the ground—rumination can happen later, in a sheltered area.<ref name="Shively1985">{{cite journal |author=Shively, C. L. |year=1985
|title=Some aspects of the nutritional biology of the collared peccary
|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-wildlife-management_1985-07_49_3/page/729 |journal=The Journal of Wildlife Management
|volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=729–732
|doi=10.2307/3801702 |jstor=3801702|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
== Taxonomy ==
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*** Family [[Peccary|Tayassuidae]]
*** Family [[Hippopotamidae]]
**** Subfamily {{extinct}}[[Maiaboarinae]]
** Suborder [[Tylopoda]]
*** Family [[Camelidae]]
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*** Family [[Bovid]]ae
==
*[[Odd-toed ungulate]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Other websites==
{{wikispecies-inline|Artiodactyla}}<br/>
{{commonscat-inline|Artiodactyla}}
[[Category:Even-toed ungulates| ]]
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