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Lista careva Japana

Izvor: Wikipedija
(Preusmjereno sa stranice Popis japanskih monarha)
Japan

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Politika i uprava
Japana



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Dolje je naveden tradicionalni popis careva Japana. Datumi za prvih 28 careva, a posebno prvih 16, se temelje na sistemu japanskog kalendara. Većina historičara drži, pak, da je malo vjerojatno kako je Carstvo osnovano godine 660. pne.; v. također Asuka period, Himiko.

Popis careva Japana

[uredi | uredi kod]
# Vladavina Posthumno ime Osobno ime (imina) Napomene
Legendarni carevi
1 660. pne.585. pne. Car Jimmu Kamuyamato Iwarebiko pretpostavlja se da je legendaran; tvrdio je da potiče od boginje sunca Amaterasu[1]
2 581. pne.549. pne. Car Suizei Kamu Nunagawamimi no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[2]
3 549. pne.511. pne. Car Annei Shikitsuhiko Tamademi no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[3]
4 510. pne.476. pne. Car Itoku Oho Yamatohiko Sukitomo no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[3]
5 475. pne.393. pne. Car Kōshō Mimatsuhiko Kaesine no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[4]
6 392. pne.291. pne. Car Kōan Oho Yamato Tarasihiko Kuniosi Hito no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[5]
7 290. pne.215. pne. Car Kōrei Oho Yamato Nekohiko Futoni no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[6]
8 214. pne.158. pne. Car Kōgen Oho Yamato Nekohiko Kuni Kuru no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[7]
9 157. pne.98. pne. Car Kaika Waka Yamato Nekohiko Oho Bibino no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[8]
10 97. pne.30. pne. Car Sujin Mimaki Irihiko Inie no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[9]
11 29. pne.70 AD Car Suinin Ikume Irihiko Isachi no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[10]
12 71130 Car Keikō Oho Tarasihiko Osirowake no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[11]
13 131191 Car Seimu Waka Tarasihiko Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[12]
14 192200 Car Chūai Tarasi Nakatsuhiko no Mikoto Pretpostavlja se da je legendaran.[13]
201269 Carica Jingū Okinaga Tarashihime no Mikoto Presumed Legendary; interregnum.[14]
Kofun period
15 270310 Car Ōjin Fondano Miko no Mikoto / Otomowake no Mikoto / Humudawake no Mikoto Posljednjni proto-historijski car, deificiran kao Hachiman.[15]
16 313399 Car Nintoku Oho Sazaki no Mikoto Neprecizni datumi.[16]
17 400405 Car Richū Isaho Wake no Mikoto Neprecizni datumi.[17]
18 406410 Car Hanzei Tajihi Mizuha Wake no Mikoto Neprecizni datumi.[18]
19 411453 Car Ingyō Wo Asazuma Wakugo no Sukune Neprecizni datumi.[19]
20 453456 Car Ankō Anaho no Mikoto Neprecizni datumi.[20]
21 456479 Car Yūryaku Oho Hatsuse Wakatakeru no Mikoto Neprecizni datumi.[21]
22 480484 Car Seinei Siraka Takehiro Kuni Osi Waka Yamato Neko no Mikoto Neprecizni datumi.[22]
23 485487 Car Kenzō Ohoke no Mikoto Neprecizni datumi.[23]
24 488498 Car Ninken Ohosi(Ohosu) no Mikoto/ Simano Iratsuko Neprecizni datumi.[24]
25 498506 Car Buretsu Wohatsuse Wakasazaki Neprecizni datumi.[25]
26 507531 Car Keitai Ōto/Hikofuto (Hikofuto no Mikoto/Ōdo no Sumera Mikoto) Mogući osnivač nove dinastije.[26]
27 531535 Car Ankan Hirokuni Oshitake Kanahi no Mikoto Neprecizni datumi.[27]
28 535539 Car Senka Takeo Hirokuni Oshitate no Mikoto Neprecizni datumi.[28]
Asuka period (592-710)
29 539571 Car Kimmei Amekuni Oshiharuki Hironiwa no Sumera Mikoto Tradicionalni datumi.[29]
30 572585 Car Bidatsu Osada no Nunakura no Futotamashiki no Mikoto Tradicionalni datumi.[30]
31 585587 Car Yōmei Ooe/Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto Tradicionalni datumi.[31]
32 587592 Car Sushun Hatsusebe no (Wakasasagi) Mikoto Tradicionalni datumi.[32]
33 592628 Carica Suiko Nukatabe/Toyomike Kashikiyahime Prva ne-legendarna carica (Princ Shotoku vladao kao njen regent); Tradicionalni datumi.[33]
34 629641 Car Jomei Tamura (Oki Nagatarashihi Hironuka no Sumera Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[34]
35 642645 Carica Kōgyoku Takara (Ame Toyotakaraikashi Hitarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi,[35] vladala dvaput
36 645654 Car Kōtoku Karu (Ame Yorozu Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[36]
37 655661 Carica Saimei Takara (Ame Toyotakaraikashi Hitarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto) Druga vladavina carice Kōgyoku (35), Tradicionalni datumi.[37]
38 661672 Car Tenji Katsuragi/Nakano-ooe (Ame Mikoto Hirakasuwake no Mikoto/Amatsu Mikoto Sakiwake no Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[38]
39 672 Car Kōbun Ōtomo Posthumno imenovan (1870),[39] prijestolje uzurpirao Temmu
40 672686 Car Temmu Ōama/Ohoshiama/Ōsama (Ame no Nunahara Oki no Mahito no Sumera Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[40]
41 686697 Carica Jitō Unonosarara (Takama no Harahiro no Hime no Sumera Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[41]
42 697707 Car Mommu Karu (Ame no Mamune Toyoohoji no Sumera Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[42]
43 707715 Carica Gemmei Ahe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Mishiro Toyokuni Narihime no Sumera Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[43]
Nara Period (710-794)
44 715724 Carica Genshō Hidaka/Niinomi (Yamatoneko Takamizu Kiyotarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[44]
45 724749 Car Shōmu Obito (Ameshirushi Kunioshiharuki Toyosakurahiko no Sumera Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[45]
46 749758 Carica Kōken Abe (Yamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi,[46] vladala dva puta
47 758764 Car Junnin Ōi Postumno imenovan (1870),[47] zbačen od Shōtokua
48 764770 Empress Shōtoku Abe (Yamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto) Druga vladavina carice Kōken (46), Tradicionalni datumi.[48]
49 770781 Car Kōnin Shirakabe (Amemune Takatsugi no Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[49]
Heian period (794-1192)
50 781806 Car Kammu Yamabe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Hitsugi Iyaderi no Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[50]
51 806809 Car Heizei Ate (Yamatoneko Ameoshikuni Takahiko no Mikoto) Tradicionalni datumi.[51]
52 809823 Car Saga Kamino Tradicionalni datumi.[52]
53 823833 Car Junna Ōtomo Tradicionalni datumi.[53]
54 833850 Car Ninmyō Masara Tradicionalni datumi.[54]
55 850858 Car Montoku Michiyasu Tradicionalni datumi.[55]
56 858876 Car Seiwa Korehito Tradicionalni datumi.[56]
57 876884 Car Yōzei Sadaakira Tradicionalni datumi.[57]
58 884887 Car Kōkō Tokiyasu Tradicionalni datumi.[58]
59 887897 Car Uda Sadami Tradicionalni datumi.[59]
60 897930 Car Daigo Atsuhito Tradicionalni datumi.[60]
61 930946 Car Suzaku Yutaakira Tradicionalni datumi.[61]
62 946967 Car Murakami Nariakira Tradicionalni datumi.[62]
63 967969 Car Reizei Norihira Tradicionalni datumi.[63]
64 969984 Car En'yū Morihira Tradicionalni datumi.[64]
65 984986 Car Kazan Morosada Tradicionalni datumi.[65]
66 9861011 Car Ichijō Yasuhito/Kanehito Tradicionalni datumi.[66]
67 10111016 Car Sanjō Okisada/Iyasada Tradicionalni datumi.[67]
68 10161036 Car Go-Ichijō Atsuhira Tradicionalni datumi.[68]
69 10361045 Car Go-Suzaku Atsunaga/Atsuyoshi Tradicionalni datumi.[69]
70 10451068 Car Go-Reizei Chikahito Tradicionalni datumi.[70]
71 10681073 Car Go-Sanjō Takahito Tradicionalni datumi.[71]
72 10731086 Car Shirakawa Sadahito Tradicionalni datumi.[72]
73 10871107 Car Horikawa Taruhito Tradicionalni datumi.[73]
74 11071123 Car Toba Munehito Tradicionalni datumi.[74]
75 11231142 Car Sutoku Akihito Tradicionalni datumi.[75]
76 11421155 Car Konoe Narihito Tradicionalni datumi.[76]
77 11551158 Car Go-Shirakawa Masahito Tradicionalni datumi.[77]
78 11581165 Car Nijō Morihito Tradicionalni datumi.[78]
79 11651168 Car Rokujō Yorihito Tradicionalni datumi.[79]
80 11681180 Car Takakura Norihito Tradicionalni datumi.[79]
81 11801185 Car Antoku Tokihito Tradicionalni datumi.[80]
82 11831198 Car Go-Toba Takahira Tradicionalni datumi.[81]
Kamakura period (1192-1333)
83 11981210 Car Tsuchimikado Tamehito Tradicionalni datumi.[82]
84 12101221 Car Juntoku Morihira/Morinari Tradicionalni datumi.[83]
85 1221 Car Chūkyō Kanehira/Kanenari Pothumously named (1870).[84] unthroned
86 12211232 Car Go-Horikawa Yutahito Tradicionalni datumi.[85]
87 12321242 Car Shijō Mitsuhito/Hidehito Tradicionalni datumi.[86]
88 12421246 Car Go-Saga Kunihito Tradicionalni datumi.[87]
89 12461260 Car Go-Fukakusa Hisahito Tradicionalni datumi.[88]
90 12601274 Car Kameyama Tsunehito Tradicionalni datumi.[89]
91 12741287 Car Go-Uda Yohito Tradicionalni datumi.[90]
92 12871298 Car Fushimi Hirohito Tradicionalni datumi.[91]
93 12981301 Car Go-Fushimi Tanehito Tradicionalni datumi.[92]
94 13011308 Car Go-Nijō Kuniharu Tradicionalni datumi.[93]
95 13081318 Car Hanazono Tomihito Tradicionalni datumi.[94]
96 13181339 Car Go-Daigo Takaharu Tradicionalni datumi;[95] Južni dvor
Sjeverni dvor
13311333 Car Kōgon Kazuhito [96]
13361348 Car Kōmyō Yutahito [97]
13481351 Car Sukō Okihito [98]
13511352 Interregnum
13521371 Car Go-Kōgon Iyahito [99]
13711382 Car Go-En'yū Ohito [100]
13821392 Car Go-Komatsu Motohito Reunified courts in 1392, see 100 below[101]
Muromachi period (1392-1573)
97 13391368 Car Go-Murakami Norinaga/Noriyoshi [102] Tradicionalni datumi.
98 13681383 Car Chōkei Yutanari [103] Južni dvor
99 13831392 Car Go-Kameyama Hironari [104] Južni dvor
100 13921412 Car Go-Komatsu Motohito Ponovno ujedinjeni dvorovi, v. također unose za Sjeverni dvor.[105]
101 14121428 Car Shōkō Mihito Tradicionalni datumi.[106]
102 14281464 Car Go-Hanazono Hikohito Tradicionalni datumi.[107]
103 14641500 Car Go-Tsuchimikado Fusahito Tradicionalni datumi.[108]
104 15001526 Car Go-Kashiwabara Katsuhito Tradicionalni datumi.[109]
105 15261557 Car Go-Nara Tomohito Tradicionalni datumi.[110]
106 15571586 Car Ōgimachi Michihito Tradicionalni datumi.[111]
107 15861611 Car Go-Yōzei Kazuhito/Katahito Tradicionalni datumi.[112]
Edo period (1603-1867)
108 16111629 Car Go-Mizunoo(a.k.a. Emperor Go-Minoo) Kotohito Tradicionalni datumi.[113]
109 16291643 Carica Meishō Okiko Tradicionalni datumi.[114]
110 16431654 Car Go-Kōmyō Tsuguhito Tradicionalni datumi.[115]
111 16551663 Car Go-Sai Nagahito Tradicionalni datumi.[116]
112 16631687 Car Reigen Satohito Tradicionalni datumi.[117]
113 16871709 Car Higashiyama Asahito Tradicionalni datumi.[118]
114 17091735 Car Nakamikado Yasuhito Tradicionalni datumi.[119]
115 17351747 Car Sakuramachi Teruhito Tradicionalni datumi.[120]
116 17471762 Car Momozono Toohito Tradicionalni datumi.[121]
117 17621771 Carica Go-Sakuramachi Toshiko Tradicionalni datumi.[122]
118 17711779 Car Go-Momozono Hidehito Tradicionalni datumi.[123]
119 17801817 Car Kōkaku Tomohito Tradicionalni datumi.[124]
120 18171846 Car Ninkō Ayahito Tradicionalni datumi.[125]
121 18461867 Car Kōmei Osahito
Moderni Japan (1868-)
122 18671912 Car Meiji Mutsuhito First emperor in constitutional monarchy
123 19121926 Car Taishō Yoshihito
124 19261989 Car Shōwa Hirohito Posljednji car s političkim ovlastima
125 19892019 None Akihito navodi se kao 'trenutni car' ili Tenno Heika (tj. Njegovo Veličanstvo Car) na japanskom te car Akihito na drugim jezicima. Nakon što umre će, po pretpostavci, biti preimenovan u cara Heiseija.
Naruhito

Reference

[uredi | uredi kod]
  1. Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 249; Varley, Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 84-88; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 1-3.
  2. Brown, pp. 250-251; Varley, pp.88-89; Titisingh, pp. 3-4.
  3. 3,0 3,1 Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 89; Titsingh, p. 4.
  4. Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 90; Titsingh, pp. 4-5.
  5. Brown, pp. 251-252; Varley, p. 90; Titsingh, p. 5.
  6. Brown, p. 252; Varley, pp. 90-92; Titsingh, pp. 5-6.
  7. Brown, p. 251; Varley, pp. 92-93; Titsingh, p. 6.
  8. Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 93; Titsingh, pp. 6-7.
  9. Brown, p. 253; Varley, pp. 93-95; Titsingh, pp. 7-9.
  10. Brown, pp. 253-254; Varley, pp. 95-96; Titsingh, pp. 9-10.
  11. Brown, p. 254; Varley, pp. 96-99; Titsingh, pp. 11-14.
  12. Brown, p. 254; Varley, pp. 99-100; Titsingh, pp. 14-15.
  13. Brown, pp. 254-255; Varley, pp. 100-101; Titsingh, p. 15.
  14. Brown, p. 255; Varley, pp. 101-103; Titsingh, pp. 16-19.
  15. Brown, pp. 255-256; Varley, pp. 17, 103-110; Titsingh, pp. 19-21.
  16. Brown, pp. 256-257; Varley, pp. 110-111; Titsingh, pp. 22-24.
  17. Brown, p. 257; Varley, p. 111; Titsingh, pp. 24-25.
  18. Brown, p. 257; Varley, p. 112; Titsingh, p. 25.
  19. Brown, pp. 257-258; Varley, p. 112; Titsingh, p. 26.
  20. Brown, p. 258; Varley, p. 113; Titsingh, p. 26.
  21. Brown, p. 258; Varley, pp. 113-115; Titsingh, pp. 27-28.
  22. Brown, p. 258-259; Varley, pp. 115-116; Titsingh, pp. 28-29.
  23. Brown, p. 259; Varley, p. 116; Titsingh, pp. 29-30.
  24. Brown, pp. 259-260; Varley, p. 117; Titsingh, p. 30.
  25. Brown, p. 260; Varley, pp. 117-118; Titsingh, p. 31.
  26. Brown, pp. 260-261; Varley, pp. 17-18, 119-120; Titsingh, p. 31-32.
  27. Brown, p. 261; Varley, pp. 120-121; Brown, p. 261; Titsingh, p. 33.
  28. Brown, p. 261; Varley, p. 121; Titsingh, p. 33-34.
  29. Brown, pp. 261-262; Varley, pp. 123-124; Titsingh, p. 34-36.
  30. Varley, pp. 124-125; Brown, pp. 262-263; Titsingh, p. 36-37.
  31. Brown, p. 263; Varley, pp. 125-126; Titsingh, p. 37-38.
  32. Brown, p. 263; Varley, p. 126; Titsingh, p. 38-39.
  33. Brown, pp. 263-264; Varley, pp. 126-129; Titsingh, pp. 39-42.
  34. Brown, pp. 264-265; Varley, pp. 129-130; Titsingh, pp. 42-43.
  35. Brown, pp. 265-266; Varley, pp. 130-132; Titsingh, pp. 43-47.
  36. Brown, pp. 266-267; Varley, pp. 132-133; Titsingh, pp. 47-50.
  37. Brown, p. 267; Varley, pp. 133-134; Titsingh, pp. 50-52.
  38. Brown, p. 268; Varley, p. 135; Titsingh, pp. 52-56.
  39. Brown, pp. 268-269; Varley, pp. 135-136; Titsingh, pp. 56-58.
  40. Brown, pp. 268-269; Varley, pp. 135-136; Titsingh, pp. 58-59.
  41. Brown, pp. 269-270; Varley, pp. 136-137; Titsingh, pp. 59-60.
  42. Brown, pp. 270-271; Varley, pp. 137-140; Titsingh, pp. 60-63.
  43. Brown, p. 271; Varley, p. 140; Titsingh, pp. 63-65.
  44. Brown, p. 271-272; Varley, pp. 140-141; Titsingh, pp. 65-67.
  45. Brown, pp. 272-273; Varley, pp. 141-143; Titsingh, pp. 67-73.
  46. Brown, pp. 274-275; Varley, p. 143; Titsingh, pp. 73-75.
  47. Brown, p. 275; Varley, pp. 143-144; Titsingh, pp. 75-78.
  48. Brown, p. 276; Varley, pp. 144-147; Titsingh, pp. 78-81.
  49. Brown, p. 276-277; Varley, pp. 147-148; Titsingh, pp. 81-85.
  50. Brown, pp. 277-279; Varley, pp. 148-150; Titsingh, pp. 86-95.
  51. Brown, pp. 279-280; Varley, p. 151; Titsingh, pp. 96-97.
  52. Brown, pp. 280-282; Varley, pp. 151-164; Titsingh, pp. 97-102.
  53. Brown, p. 282-283; Varley, p. 164; Titsingh, pp. 103-106.
  54. Brown, pp. 283-284; Varley, pp. 164-165; Titsingh, pp. 106-112.
  55. Brown, pp. 285-286; Varley, p. 165; Titsingh, pp. 112-115.
  56. Brown, pp. 286-288; Varley, pp. 166-170; Titsingh, pp. 115-121.
  57. Brown, pp. 288-289; Varley, pp. 170-171; Titsingh, pp. 121-124.
  58. Brown, p. 289; Varley, pp. 171-175; Titsingh, pp. 124-125.
  59. Brown, p. 289-290; Varley, pp. 175-179; Titsingh, pp. 125-129.
  60. Brown, pp. 290-293; Varley, pp. 179-181; Titsingh, pp. 129-134.
  61. Brown, pp. 294-295; Varley, pp. 181-183; Titsingh, pp. 134-138.
  62. Brown, pp. 295-298; Varley, pp. 183-190; Titsingh, pp. 139-142.
  63. Brown, p. 298; Varley, pp. 190-191; Titsingh, pp. 142-143.
  64. Brown, pp. 299-300; Varley, pp. 191-192; Titsingh, pp. 144-148.
  65. Brown, pp. 300-302; Varley, p. 192; Titsingh, pp. 148-149.
  66. Brown, pp. 302-307; Varley, pp. 192-195; Titsingh, pp. 150-154.
  67. Brown, p. 307; Varley, p. 195; Titsingh, pp. 154-155.
  68. Brown, pp. 307-310; Varley, pp. 195-196; Titsingh, pp. 156-160.
  69. Brown, pp. 310-311; Varley, p. 197; Titsingh, pp. 160-162.
  70. Brown, pp. 311-314; Varley, pp. 197-198; Titsingh, pp. 162-166.
  71. Brown, pp. 314-315; Varley, pp. 198-199; Titsingh, pp. 166-168.
  72. Brown, pp. 315-317; Varley, pp. 199-202; Titsingh, pp. 169-171.
  73. Brown, pp. 317-320; Varley, p. 202; Titsingh, pp. 172-178.
  74. Brown, pp. 320-322; Varley, pp. 203-204; Titsingh, pp. 178-181.
  75. Brown, pp. 322-324; Varley, pp. 204-205; Titsingh, pp. 181-185.
  76. Brown, pp. 324-326; Varley, p. 205; Titsingh, pp. 186-188.
  77. Brown, p. 326-327; Varley, pp. 205-208; Titsingh, pp. 188-190.
  78. Brown, pp. 327-329; Varley, pp. 208-212; Titsingh, pp. 191-194.
  79. 79,0 79,1 Brown, pp. 329-330; Varley, p. 212; Titsingh, pp. 194-195.
  80. Brown, pp. 333-334; Varley, pp. 214-215; Titsingh, pp. 200-207.
  81. Brown, pp. 334-339; Varley, pp. 215-220; Titsingh, pp. 207-221.
  82. Brown, pp. 339-341; Varley, pp 220; Titsingh, pp. 221-230.
  83. Brown, pp. 341-343, Varley, pp. 221-223; Titsingh, pp 230-238.
  84. Brown, pp. 343-344; Varley, pp. 223-226; Titsingh, pp. 236-238.
  85. Brown, pp. 344-349; Varley, pp. 226-227; Titsingh, pp. 238-241.
  86. Varley, p. 227; Titsingh, pp. 242-245.
  87. Varley, pp. 228-231; Titsingh, pp. 245-247.
  88. Varley, pp. 231-232; Titsingh, pp. 248-253.
  89. Varley, pp. 232-233; Titsingh, pp. 253-261.
  90. Varley, pp. 233-237; Titsingh, pp. 262-269.
  91. Varley, pp. 237-238; Titsingh, pp. 269-274.
  92. Varley, pp. 238-239; Titsingh, pp. 274-275.
  93. Varley, p. 239; Titsingh, pp. 275-278.
  94. Varley, pp. 239-241; Titsingh, pp. 278-281.
  95. Varley, pp. 241-269; Titsingh, pp. 281-286, and Titsingh, p. 290-294.
  96. Titsingh, p. 286-289.
  97. Titsingh, pp. 294-298.
  98. Titsingh, pp. 298-301.
  99. Titsingh, pp. 302-309.
  100. Titsingh, pp. 310-316.
  101. Titsingh, pp. 317- .
  102. Varley, pp. 269-270 | Titsingh, p. .
  103. Titsingh, p. .
  104. [Titsingh, p. ]-320.
  105. Titsingh, pp. 320-327.
  106. Titsingh, pp. 327-331.
  107. Titsingh, pp. 331-351.
  108. Titsingh, pp. 352-364.
  109. Titsingh, pp. 364-372.
  110. Titsingh, pp. 372-382.
  111. Titsingh, pp. 382-402.
  112. Titsingh, pp. 402-409.
  113. Titsingh, pp. 410-411.
  114. Titsingh, pp. 411-412.
  115. Titsingh, pp. 412-413.
  116. Titsingh, p. 413.
  117. Titsingh, pp. 414-415.
  118. Titsingh, pp. 415-416.
  119. Titsingh, pp. 416-417.
  120. Titsingh, pp. 417-418.
  121. Titsingh, pp. 418-419.
  122. Titsingh, p. 419.
  123. Titsingh, pp. 419-420.
  124. Titsingh, pp. 420-421.
  125. Titsingh, p. 421.

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