Mostrar código-fonte de Hélvia (gens)


A '''gens Helvia''' era uma família [[Plebe|plebéia]] da [[Roma Antiga]]. Esta [[gens]] é mencionada pela primeira vez na época da [[Segunda Guerra Púnica]], mas o único membro da família a ocupar qualquer [[Magistrado romano|magistratura]] curule durante a [[República Romana|República]] foi Caio Hélvio, que foi [[pretor]] em 198 a.C. A família caiu na obscuridade depois, da qual foi posteriormente resgatada pelo imperador [[Pertinax]], quase quatro séculos depois. <ref name="DGRBM Helvia Gens">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', [https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofgree02smituoft#page/380/mode/2up vol. II, p. 380] ("[[wikisource:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Helvia gens|Helvia Gens]]").</ref>

== Praenomina ==
Sabe-se que os Helvii da República usaram os [[Prenome (Roma Antiga)|prenomes]] Cneu (''Gnaeus),'' Caio''[[Caio (prenome)|(Gaius)]]'' e Marco (''Marcus)''. Na [[Império Romano|época imperial]] encontramos também Lúcio (''Lucius)'' e Públio (''Publius)''. Todos estes eram os prenomes mais comuns na história romana.

== Ramos e Cognomes ==
Os sobrenomes dos Helvii durante a República incluíam ''Blasio'', ''Cinna'' e ''Mancia'', mas vários membros da família aparecem sem [[cognome]]. <ref name="DGRBM Helvia Gens">''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', [https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofgree02smituoft#page/380/mode/2up vol. II, p. 380] ("[[wikisource:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Helvia gens|Helvia Gens]]").</ref> Sob o Império, vários Helvii são encontrados com o sobrenome ''Rufus'', mas não se sabe se constituíam uma família distinta da gens Helvia.

== Membros ==

* Cneu Hélvio (''Gnaeus Helvius''), era um [[tribuno militar]] que foi morto em combate com os [[Gauleses]] e [[Cartagineses]] perto de [[Mediolano|Mediolanum]] in 203 a.C.
* Gaius Helvius, [[Pretor|praetor]] in BC 198, with [[Catão, o Velho|Cato the Elder]], his colleague as [[Edil|plebeian aedile]] the previous year.  He accompanied the consul [[Sexto Élio Peto Cato|Sextus Aelius Paetus]] into [[Gália Cisalpina|Cisalpine Gaul]], and received command of one of the consul's armies.  Nine years later, in 189, he was [[Legado|legate]] to the consul [[Cneu Mânlio Vulsão|Gnaeus Manlius Vulso]] in [[Galácia|Galatia]].
* Marcus Helvius Blasio, plebeian aedile in BC 198, and praetor in 197, assigned the province of [[Hispânia Ulterior|Hispania Ulterior]].  On his return home in 195, he was attacked by an army of 20,000 [[Celtiberos|Celtiberi]] near the town of Illiturgi in [[Hispânia Citerior|Hispania Citerior]]; his guard of 6,000 defeated the Celtiberi and took the town.  He was awarded an [[Ovação|ovation]], and in 194 was one of the commissioners for founding the [[Colônia (Roma Antiga)|colony]] of [[Siponto|Sipontum]] in [[Apúlia|Apulia]].
* Helvius Mancia, an orator of some cleverness, whose poor appearance was mocked by either Gaius Julius Caesar Strabo, with whom he was engaged in a lawsuit, or (according to [[Plínio, o Velho|Pliny]]), by [[Lúcio Licínio Crasso|Lucius Licinius Crassus]], the orator, about 90&nbsp;BC.
* Helvius Blasio, a friend of [[Décimo Júnio Bruto Albino|Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus]], for whom he tried to set an example by taking his own life, when Brutus was captured by his enemies.
* Gaius Helvius Cinna, a celebrated poet, friend of [[Catulo|Catullus]], and [[Tribuno da plebe|tribune of the plebs]] in 44 BC.  He was lynched at [[Júlio César|Julius Caesar]]'s funeral after being mistaken, on account of his name, for the praetor Lucius Cornelius Cinna, who had just delivered an incendiary speech in support of the dictator's assassins.
* Marcus Helvius Rufus, a soldier who was recognized for his bravery in battle against [[Tacfarinas]].  He might be the same person as Marcus Helvius Rufus Civica.
* Marcus Helvius M. f. Rufus Civica, a [[Centurião|centurion]] {{Lang|la|[[primus pilus]]}}, named in a dedicatory inscription from [[Vicovaro|Varia]] in [[Lácio (região histórica)|Latium]], dating from the reign of [[Tibério|Tiberius]].<ref>{{CIL|14|3472}}.</ref>
* Helvia, the wife of [[Marco Aneu Sêneca|Seneca the Elder]], and mother of [[Séneca|Seneca the Younger]].
* Marcus Helvius Geminus, raised to the [[Patrício|patriciate]] by [[Cláudio|Claudius]], was governor of [[Macedônia romana|Macedonia]], and [[Procônsul|proconsular]] [[Legado|legate]] of [[Ásia (província romana)|Asia]].<ref>{{CIL|3|6074}}.</ref>
* Lucius Helvius Agrippa, proconsular governor of [[Córsega e Sardenha|Sardinia]] from AD 68 to 69.<ref>{{CIL|10|7852}}.</ref>
* Helvia Procula, the wife of [[Caio Dílio Vócula|Gaius Dillius Vocula]], commander of the [[Legio XXII Primigenia|twenty-second legion]].  When her husband was slain during the [[Revolta dos Batavos|Batavian rebellion]] in AD 70, Helvia dedicated a monument at Rome commemorating his military and political career.<ref>{{CIL|6|1402}}.</ref>
* Gnaeus Helvius Sabinus, a candidate for [[Edil|aedile]] of [[Pompeia|Pompeii]] shortly before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.  Over one hundred notices for his election have been found.
* Helvius Successus, father of the emperor Pertinax, was a [[Liberto|freedman]], who worked as a wool merchant and charcoal-burner at [[Alba (Itália)|Alba Pompeia]].
* Marcus Helvius Clemens Dextrianus, equestrian governor of [[Récia|Raetia]] during the reign of Commodus.
* [[Pertinax|Publius Helvius Pertinax]], emperor from January to March, AD 193.  After an illustrious military and political career, he was proclaimed emperor following the murder of [[Cómodo|Commodus]], and embarked upon a series of reforms; but in his haste he quickly made enemies, and was soon dispatched by the [[Guarda pretoriana|Praetorian Guard]].<ref name="DGRBM Pertinax" />

== Veja também ==

* Lista das gentes romanas

== Referências ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliografia ==

* [[Políbio]], ''[[Histórias (Políbio)|Historiae]] (As Histórias).''
* Fasti Triunfales .
* [[Cícero|Marco Túlio Cícero]], ''[[Sobre o Orador|De Oratore]]'' .
* [[Catulo|Caio Valério Catulo]] ''Carmina'' .
* Titus Livius ( [[Tito Lívio|Lívio]] ), ''[[Ab Urbe condita libri|Ab Urbe Condita]]'' (História de Roma).
* Públio Ovídio Naso ( [[Ovídio]] ), ''[[Íbis (Ovídio)|Íbis]]'' .
* [[Valério Máximo|Valerius Maximus]], ''Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabium'' (Fatos e provérbios memoráveis).
* Lucius Annaeus Seneca ( [[Séneca|Sêneca, o Jovem]] ), ''[[De Consolatione ad Polybium|De Consolatione ad Helviam]]'' .
* [[Tácito|Públio Cornélio Tácito]], ''[[Anais (Tácito)|Annales]]'' .
* [[Plutarco]], ''[[Vidas Paralelas|Vidas dos Nobres Gregos e Romanos]]'' .
* Gaius Plinius Secundus ( [[Plínio, o Velho]] ), ''[[História Natural (Plínio)|Naturalis Historia]]'' (História Natural).
* Appianus Alexandrinus ( [[Apiano|Appian]] ), ''Bellum Civile'' (A Guerra Civil).
* ''Marco Fábio Quintiliano'' ( [[Quintiliano]] ), ''Institutio Oratoria'' .
* Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus ( [[Suetónio|Suetônio]] ), ''[[Vidas dos Doze Césares|De Vita Caesarum]]'' (Vidas dos Césares, ou Os Doze Césares).
* Lúcio Cássio Dio Cocceianus ( [[Dião Cássio|Cássio Dio]] ), ''História Romana'' .
* ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology|Dicionário de biografia e mitologia grega e romana]]'', [[William Smith (lexicógrafo)|William Smith]] (ed.), John Murray, Londres (1849).
* [[Theodor Mommsen]] ''et alii'', ''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum]]'' (O Corpo das Inscrições Latinas, abreviado ''CIL'' ), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853-presente).
* Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs e Hermann Dessau, ''Prosopographia Imperii Romani'' (A Prosopografia do Império Romano, abreviado ''PIR'' ), Berlim (1898).
* T. Robert S. Broughton, ''Os Magistrados da República Romana'', American Philological Association (1952).
* Edward Courtney (ed.), [{{googlebooks|YPMRG8ZLbvsC|pg=212|plainurl=y}} ''Os Poetas Latinos Fragmentários''], Oxford University Press (1993),{{ISBN|0-19-814775-9}} .
* Alison E. Cooley e MGL Cooley, ''Pompéia e Herculano: A Sourcebook'', 2ª ed. , Routledge, Londres (2014).
[[Categoria:Gens]]
[[Categoria:Helvii]]