Exercicios Resolvidos
Exercicios Resolvidos
Exercicios Resolvidos
c3
c1
k3
k1
x1
J, m 3
l1
EXERCCIOS - 1
Pneus
Suspenso
x3
CG
x2
l2
c4
c2
m2
k4
k2
FEM/UNICAMP
Exerccios
m1
k 3 x1
m2
k 4 x2
FEM/UNICAMP
k 2 [x 2 -(x 3 +l2 )]
k 2 [x 2 -(x 3 +l2 )]
Corpo 2
c4 x2
.
.
.
c2 [x 2 -(x 3 +l2 )]
EXERCCIOS - 2
CG
.
.
c2 [x 2 -(x 3 +l2 )]
Corpo 3
Corpo 1
.
c3 x1
.
.
.
c1 [x1 -(x3 -l1 )]
.
.
.
c1 [x1 -(x3 -l1 )]
Exerccios
= m1 &&
x1
= m 2 &&
x2
EXERCCIOS - 3
FEM/UNICAMP
m 2 &&
x 2 + ( c2 + c4 ) x& 2 c2 x&3 c2 l2& + ( k 2 + k 4 ) x2 k 2 x3 k 2 l2 = 0
x2
m1 &&
x1 + ( c1 + c3 ) x&1 c1 x&3 + c1l1& + ( k1 + k 3 ) x1 k1 x3 + k1l1 = 0
Corpo 2:
x1
Equaes de movimento
Corpo 1:
Exerccios
x3
F
= m3 &&
x3
= J &&
EXERCCIOS - 4
FEM/UNICAMP
c1 [ x&1 ( x&3 l1& )]l1 k1[ x1 ( x3 l1 )]l1 + c2 [ x& 2 ( x&3 + l2& )]l2 + k 2 [ x2 ( x3 + l2 )]l2 = J &&
( k1 + k 2 ) x3 k1 x1 k 2 x2 + ( k 2 l2 k1l1 ) = 0
m3 &&
x3 + ( c1 + c2 ) x&3 c1 x&1 c2 x& 2 + ( c2 l2 c1l1 )& +
Corpo 3:
Exerccios
m2
0
0
m3
0
( k1 + k 3 )
+
k1
kl
11
0 &&
x1 ( c1 + c3 )
0 &&
x2 0
+
0 &&
x3 c1
J && c1l1
m1
0
0
0
Na forma matricial
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 5
k2
k 2 l2
(k2 + k4 )
c2
c2 l2
( c2 + c4 )
k1
k2
( k1 + k 2 )
( k 2 l2 k1l1 )
c1
c2
( c1 + c2 )
( c2 l2 c1l1 )
FEM/UNICAMP
k1l1
x1 0
x 0
k 2 l2
2 =
( k 2 l2 k1l1 ) x3 0
( k1l12 + k 2 l22 ) 0
c1l1
x&1
x&
c2 l2
2 +
( c2 l2 c1l1 ) x&3
( c1l12 + c2 l22 ) &
EXERCCIOS - 6
{ x} = { x}h + { x} p
{ x} p
6. Soluo total
{ x}h
[ s k2 [ M ] + s k [C ] + [ K ]]{ }k = 0
FEM/UNICAMP
(rank(N-1))
Exerccios
m1
3l/4
k1
k2
EXERCCIOS - 7
l/4
l/4
l/2
m2
l/4
F = 1 sen10t
FEM/UNICAMP
Exerccios
Exerccios
3l/4
EXERCCIOS - 8
l/4
l/2
k 2 (l/2)sen 2
l/4
k 1 [(3l/4)sen 1-(3l/4)sen 2 ]
l/4
FEM/UNICAMP
M
A
= J A&&1
EXERCCIOS - 9
Linearizao
1
9
m1l 2&&1 + k1 l 2 (sen 1 sen 2 ) cos 1 = 0
3
16
3
3
3
1
k1 ( lsen 1 lsen 2 ) l cos 1 = m1l 2&&1
4
4
4
3
Barra superior:
Exerccios
sen
FEM/UNICAMP
cos 1
M
B
= J B&&2
EXERCCIOS - 10
7 m 2 l&&2 + 3l ( 9 k1 + 4 k 2 ) 2 27 lk1 1 = 12 F
Linearizao
sen
9 2
1
l
7
9
l sen 1 cos 2 k1 + k 2 l 2 sen 2 cos 2 + F =
m 2 l 2&&2
16
4
4
48
16
k1
FEM/UNICAMP
cos 1
2
1
3
3
3
1
1
l
l &&
2
+ k1 ( lsen 1 lsen 2 ) l cos 2 k 2 lsen 2 l cos 2 + F = m 2 l + m 2 2
4
4
4
2
2
4
4
12
Barra inferior:
Exerccios
0 &&1 27 k1l
&& +
7 m 2 l 2 27 lk1
27 k1l
1 0
=
3l ( 9 k1 + 4 k 2 ) 2 12 F
0 &&1 2700
&& +
7 2 2700
12F
FEM/UNICAMP
1
2
&&
{ (t )}h = n cos ( n t + )
2
2700 1
=
3900 2
EXERCCIOS - 11
1
{ (t )}h = cos ( n t + )
2
16
0
16 m1l
0
Exerccios
2
n
2
n
=0
EXERCCIOS - 12
Polinmio caracterstico
2700
=0
2
3900 7 n
2700 1
0
cos n t =
2
3900 7 n 2
0
2700 16 n2
2700
2700 16 n2
2700
Soluo no trivial
Portanto
Exerccios
FEM/UNICAMP
81300 m 71820, 4
224
n2 =
2
n
22 =
12 =
EXERCCIOS - 13
81300 + 71820, 4
= 683, 57
224
81300 71820, 4
= 42,32
224
Exerccios
FEM/UNICAMP
2 = 26,15 rad / s
1 = 6, 5 rad / s
21 = 0, 7511
2700 11 0
=
2
3900 7 1 21 0
EXERCCIOS - 14
22 = 3, 0512
2700 12 0
=
2
3900 7 2 22 0
2700 16 22
2700
11
2700 21 = 0
2700 22 = 0
FEM/UNICAMP
2
2
( 2700 16 )
12
2
1
( 2700 16 )
2700 16 12
2700
Exerccios
2 = 0, 0034
2700 1 + 3200 2 = 12
EXERCCIOS - 15
1 = 0, 0086
2700 1
0
sen t = sen t
2
3900 7 2
12
FEM/UNICAMP
2 1
&&
{ (t )} p = sen t
2
1100 1 2700 2 = 0
2700 16 2
2700
Assim
{ (t )} p =
1
sen t
2
{ (t )}h = 11
1
1
cos(
)
+
+
cos( 2 t + 2 )
1
1
12
0, 75
3, 05
Soluo homognea
Exerccios
{ (t )} p
0, 0086
=
sen10 t
0, 0034
0
{ (t )} =
0
0
0
{& (t )} =
EXERCCIOS - 16
FEM/UNICAMP
1
1
0, 0086 0
&
{ (t = 0)} = 111 0, 75 sen 1 2 12 3, 05 sen 2 + 10 0, 0034 = 0
1
1
0
{ (t = 0)} = 11
cos 1 + 12
cos 2 =
0, 75
3, 05
0
Condies iniciais
{ (t )} = 11
1
1
0, 0086
cos(
)
cos(
)
+
+
+
+
sen10t
1
1
12
2
2
0, 75
3, 05
0, 0034
Soluo total
Portanto
Exerccios
cos 1 = cos 2 = 0
12 = 2, 97.10 4 rad
11 = 120.10 -4 rad
1 = 2 = 90 0
EXERCCIOS - 17
) 2,97.10 4 cos(26,15 * 3 +
{ (t )} = 120, 4.10 4 *
FEM/UNICAMP
1
1
86 4
4
cos(
t
)
2,97.10
*
cos(
t
)+
+
.10 sen10 t
1
2
2
2 35
0, 75
3, 05
Resposta temporal
11 cos 1 + 12 cos 2 = 0
Exerccios
k1
R
O
J1
r1
m0
EXERCCIOS - 18
x(t)
J2
m2
r2
k2
FEM/UNICAMP
Exerccios
T2
T2
..
m0 x
..
m 2x
Corpo 3
F2
Corpo 2
F1
T1
T1
Ox
Corpo 1
Exerccios
J2
..
J1
= I O
= I C
EXERCCIOS - 19
F = m &&x
FEM/UNICAMP
= x r1
Portanto
Sendo
Corpo 1:
Exerccios
Fora na mola
EXERCCIOS - 20
FEM/UNICAMP
x
F1 = k1 R = k1 R
r1
= I O T1 r1 F1 R = J 1&&
&&
R
x
T1 = J 1 2 + k1 x
r1
r1
T2
2
2
+ m 2 r22 )
EXERCCIOS - 21
J
(
=
&&
x + k2 x
J 2C = J 2 + m 2 r22
= I C T2 r2 F2 r2 = J 2C &&
= x r2
No h deslizamento
M
Momento de inrcia
em relao ao ponto C
Corpo 2:
Exerccios
FEM/UNICAMP
F2 = k 2 x
Fora na mola
T2
2
2
2
2
+ m 2 r22 )
EXERCCIOS - 22
FEM/UNICAMP
&&
x + k2 x
&&
x + k2 x = 0
J
(
=
T2 = m 0 &&
x
2
J
m
r
+
( 2 22)
R2
J1 J 2
x + k1 2 + k 2 x = 0
m 0 + m 2 + r 2 + r 2 &&
1
2
r1
&&
R
x
m 0 &&
x + J 1 2 + k1 x +
r1
r1
F = m &&x T
&&
R
x
T1 = J 1 2 + k1 x
r1
r1
Corpo 3:
Exerccios
= x r2 & = x& r2
EXERCCIOS - 23
FEM/UNICAMP
2
2
2
1
1
1
R
1
1
R
2
2
2
2
V = k1 ( R ) + k 2 x = k1 2 x + k 2 x = k1 2 + k 2 x
2
2
2 r1
2
2 r1
1
J1 J 2 2
T = m 0 + m 2 + 2 + 2 x&
r1
r2
2
Energia potencial total do sistema
= x r1 & = x& r1
1
1 &2 1
1
2
2
2
&
&
&
T = T1 + T0 + T2 = J 1 + m 0 x + m 2 x + J 2
2
2
2
2
Exerccios
dE d (T + V )
=
=0
dt
dt
EXERCCIOS - 24
R2
J1 J 2
x + k1 2 + k 2 x = 0
m 0 + m 2 + r 2 + r 2 &&
1
2
r1
FEM/UNICAMP
J1 J 2
1
1 R2
&&& + k1 2 + k 2 2 xx& = 0
m 0 + m 2 + 2 + 2 2 xx
2
r1
r2
2 r1
2
dE d 1
J1 J 2 2 1 R 2
= m 0 + m 2 + 2 + 2 x& + k1 2 + k 2 x = 0
dt
dt 2
r1
r2
2 r1
Mtodo da energia
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 25
FEM/UNICAMP
Exerccios
x x
x x
EXERCCIOS - 26
Exerccios
mg
DCL
k ( 2 1 )
mg
FEM/UNICAMP
ml 2&&1 + (k + mgl )1 k 2 = 0
ml 2&&1 + k1 k 2 + mglsen1 = 0
Linearizando:
ou
EXERCCIOS - 27
ml 2&&2 + (k + mgl ) 2 k1 = 0
ml &&2 + k 2 k1 + mglsen 2 = 0
x x x x 2
2
2
1
2
Pndulo 2:
Linearizando:
ou
x x x x 1
1
2
1
1
Pndulo 1:
Exerccios
mg
mg
FEM/UNICAMP
k ( 2 1 )
k ( 2 1 )
k 1 0
0 &&1 (k + mgl )
+
=
2 &&
(k + mgl ) 2 0
ml 2 k
2 ml 2 + k + mgl
EXERCCIOS - 28
1 0
=
2
2
ml + k + mgl 2 0
FEM/UNICAMP
1 (t ) = 1e jt e 2 (t ) = 2 e jt
ml 2
Exerccios
2 ml 2 + k + mgl = k
+ k + mgl ) k 2 = 0
2
g
L
2 =
EXERCCIOS - 29
g 2k
+ 2
l ml
1 =
FEM/UNICAMP
ou
( ml
2
Exerccios
1 0
=
2
2
r ml + k + mgl 2 r 0
k
EXERCCIOS - 30
FEM/UNICAMP
21
22
Assim, para r = 1
= 1 e para r = 2
= 1.
11
12
2 r ( r2 ml 2 + k + mgl )
=
k
1r
r2 ml 2 + k + mgl
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 31
&1 ( 0 ) 0
1 ( 0 )
1
= 0 e &
=
1
2 ( 0 )
2 ( 0 ) 0
&1 ( 0 ) 0
1 ( 0 )
1
= 0 e &
=
1
2 ( 0 )
2 ( 0 ) 0
FEM/UNICAMP
Exerccios
rad
e 2 = 4,561
s
EXERCCIOS - 32
1 ( t ) % 1
1
%
= C1 cos(1t 1 ) + C2 cos( 2t 2 )
2 1
2 2
2 ( t )
FEM/UNICAMP
rad
1 = 4, 472
s
0, 25 2 0,1 5,1 2 0
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 33
FEM/UNICAMP
&1 ( 0 ) 0
1 ( 0 ) 0
= e &
=
2 ( 0 ) 0
2 ( 0 ) 0
1 ( t )
1
1
= C1 cos(1t 1 ) + C2 cos( 2t 2 )
1
1
2 ( t )
e, neste caso:
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 34
theta(1,:) = (theta0/2)*cos(w1*t)-(theta0/2)*cos(w2*t);
theta(2,:) = (theta0/2)*cos(w1*t)+(theta0/2)*cos(w2*t);
theta0 = theta0*180/pi;
w1 = 4.472; w2 = 4.561; % freqncias naturais
t = [0:0.1:160];
% vetor de tempo
function [] = prova21(theta0)
% theta0 = condio inicial de deslocamento [ graus].
% As equaes de movimento s valem para
% pequenos deslocamento angulares (linearizao).
0
cos(4, 561t )
cos(4,561t )
FEM/UNICAMP
figure
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(t,theta(1,:));
ylabel('\theta_{1} [rad]');
title('Resposta Temporal do Pendulo Torcional');
grid on
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t,theta(2,:));
ylabel('\theta_{2} [rad]');
xlabel('Tempo [s]');
grid on
cos(4, 472t ) +
cos( 4, 472t )
2
Exemplo de programao no Matlab:
2 (t ) =
1 ( t ) =
Exerccios
1
= 70,5976s
B [ Hz ]
EXERCCIOS - 35
Exerccios
FEM/UNICAMP
EXERCCIOS - 36
FEM/UNICAMP
Exerccios
kT
Exerccios
k
xG
EXERCCIOS - 37
FEM/UNICAMP
EXERCCIOS - 38
Exerccios
A
xA
FEM/UNICAMP
xC
1 3 2
aC / An
&x&A
EXERCCIOS - 39
FEM/UNICAMP
&x&A
2
&
&&
sendo (aC / An ) x = lsen e (aC / At ) x = lcos
A
ou &&
x = &&
x + & 2lsen &&l cos Mesmo resultado obtido anteriormente!
&&
xC = &&
x A + &&
xC / A = &&
x A + (aC / An ) x + (aC / At ) x
Exerccios
= mx&&C
3)
= I C&&
EXERCCIOS - 40
mg
k ( x A xG )
= my&&C
mg + N = m(&&lsen & 2l cos )
N = m( g &&lsen & 2l cos )
2)
1)
Equaes de movimento:
Exerccios
kT
FEM/UNICAMP
k ( x A xG )
DCL
EXERCCIOS - 41
FEM/UNICAMP
Exerccios
1, sen
, & 2
0 e 2
0
xC 2k
&&
&& +
3 2kl
0
m
0 ml 2
EXERCCIOS - 42
FEM/UNICAMP
xC
1
= 2kxG
2
kT + 2kl mgl
l
2kl
cos
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 43
FEM/UNICAMP
xC 60000 120000 xC 0
300 0 &&
0 400 && + 120000 324000 = 0
xC 60000 120000 xC
300 0 &&
1
0 400 && + 120000 294000 = 60000 xG 2
Exerccios
v = 0.0238 -0.0526
0.0456 0.0206
2 = 4,95 Hz
EXERCCIOS - 44
2,55 12
1
11
1
= 2,55 {}1 =
=
{}2 =
1
1,92
1,92
21
22
1 = 1, 05Hz
FEM/UNICAMP
lhz = 4.9480
1.0491
function [] = prova23
M = [300 0; 0 400];
K = 1000*[60 120; 120 324];
[v,lam] = eig(-K,M);
lam = diag(lam);
% freqncia natural em rad/s
lhz = sqrt(abs(lam))/(2*pi) % freqncia natural em Hz
v
% modos
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 45
FEM/UNICAMP
Para identificar a forma com que o edifcio vibra para cada uma das razes
de freqncia especificadas no grfico, basta analisar a amplitude e o sinal
das funes levando-se em conta o sentido das coordenas utilizadas.
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 46
FEM/UNICAMP
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 47
FEM/UNICAMP
209, 4
r=
=
= 3,31
1 63, 24
kT
6.103
rad
1 =
=
= 63, 24
J
s
1,5
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 48
FEM/UNICAMP
1
ot =
2(1 + )(2 + )
rpico
2
=
=
1
2+
Exerccios
maxot
=
4
2
ot
(r
2
pico
+ r
2
pico
2
pico
1) + ( r
2
2
4 ot2 + rpico
2
1) rpico
2
X 1kT
M0
maxot
maxot
ou
= 1+
EXERCCIOS - 49
X 1kT
M0
0,5
FEM/UNICAMP
X 1kT
M0
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 50
FEM/UNICAMP
1
1
ot =
=
= 0,3651
2(1 + )(2 + )
2(1,5)(2,5)
kg .m
J 2 = J1 = 0,5(1,5) = 0, 75
rad
Assim, adota-se o valor = 0,5 como parmetro de projeto. Uma vez que o
momento de inrcia do sistema principal J1 = 1,5 kg.m2/rad e = J2/ J1,
tem-se:
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 51
kg .m
N .m.s
J 2 = 0, 75
e cot = 34, 638
rad
rad
FEM/UNICAMP
N .m.s
cot = 2 ot J 21 = 2(0,3651)(0, 75)(63, 24) = 34, 638
rad
Exerccios
k1
c1
EXERCCIOS - 52
m,l
CG
c2
k2
FEM/UNICAMP
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 53
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 54
FEM/UNICAMP
[C ] [ M ] {Y&} [ K ] [0] {Y } 0
&
[ M ] [0] && + [0] [ M ] {Y&} = 0 [ A]{Z } + [ B]{Z } = {0}
{Y }
Relembrando: para resolver mais facilmente com o auxlio do Matlab, devese montar as equaes na forma de estado:
1
1
2
2
1300
c2b c1a 20 0
c1 + c2
c b c a c a 2 + c b 2 = 0 80
1
1
2
2
Exerccios
EXERCCIOS - 55
v = -0.0104 +10.7311i
0
0
0
0
-0.0104 -10.7311i
0
0
0
0
-0.0304 +19.3410i
0
0
0
0
-0.0304 -19.3410i
Matlab:
Exerccios
FEM/UNICAMP
EXERCCIOS - 56
>> v = diag(v)
v = -0.0104 +10.7311i
-0.0104 -10.7311i
-0.0304 +19.3410i
-0.0304 -19.3410i
>> w = abs(v) % Freqncias naturais [rad/s]
w = 10.7311
10.7311
19.3410
19.3410
>> zeta = -real(v)*100./w % Fatores de amortecimento [%]
zeta = 0.10
0.10
0.16
0.16
>> ud = u(1:2,:) % Modos
ud = -0.0080 + 0.0852i -0.0080 - 0.0852i -0.0004 + 0.0077i -0.0004 - 0.0077i
0.0009 - 0.0103i 0.0009 + 0.0103i -0.0025 + 0.0491i -0.0025 - 0.0491i
Exerccios
FEM/UNICAMP
EXERCCIOS - 57
FEM/UNICAMP
x (t )
0,0080 + j 0,0852 ( 0,0104 +10,7311) t
* 0,0080 j 0,0852 ( 0,0104 10,7311) t
+ A1
= A1
e
e
(t )
0,0009 j 0,0103
0,0009 + j 0,0103
0,0004 + j 0,0077 ( 0,0304 +19,3410) t
* 0,0004 j 0,0077 ( 0,0304 19,3410) t
+ A2
+ A2
e
e
0,0025 + j 0,0492
0,0025 j 0,0492
x(t )
X s1t
X s2t
s1*t
s2*t
* X
* X
= A1 e + A1 e + A2 e + A2 e
(t )
1
1
2
2
Exerccios