Metodologia da economia
subcampo da economia
A metodologia da economia é o estudo dos métodos, geralmente científicos, relativos à economia, incluindo os princípios subjacentes ao raciocínio económico.[1][2][3][4] O termo 'metodologia' é também muitas vezes, apesar de incorretamente, usado como sinónimo para 'métodos', em vez de estudo dos métodos.
Questões metodológicas, como as semelhanças e diferenças com as ciências da natureza e com as outras ciências sociais, incluem:
- a definição de economia;[5][6][7]
- o alcance da economia de acordo com a definição dos seus métodos;[8]
- princípios fundamentais e relevância operacional da teoria económica;[9][10][11][12][13][14]
- individualismo metodológico versus holismo em economia;[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]
- alegações de utilidade e previsibilidade vs. realismo da simplificação das hipóteses usadas, tais como a escolha racional e a maximização do lucro;[22][23][24][25][26][27]
- o estatuto científico da economia;[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]
- o equilíbrio entre abordagens empíricas e a priori;[37][38][39][40][41][42]
- a utilização e limites dos métodos experimentais;[43][44]
- análise dos métodos mathemáticos e axiomáticos em economia;[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]
- a forma de escrita [55][56][57][58][59] e a retórica em economia;[60][61][62]
- análise da teoria e prática na economia contemporânea.[63][64][65][66][67]
Referências
- ↑ Lawrence A. Boland, 1987. "methodology," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 3, pp. 455-56.
- ↑ Roger E. Backhouse, 2008. "methodology of economics," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ Daniel M. Hausman, 1989. "Economic Methodology in a Nutshell," Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3(2), pp. 115-127.
- ↑ Kevin D. Hoover, 1995. "Review Article: Why Does Methodology Matter for Economics?" Economic Journal, 105(430), pp. 715-734.
- ↑ John Stuart Mill, 1844 Essay V, "On the Definition of Political Economy; and on the Method of Investigation Proper to It" em Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy
- ↑ Roger E. Backhouse and Steven Medema, 2008. "economics, definition of," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ Roger E. Backhouse and Steven Medema, 2009. "Retrospectives: On the Definition of Economics," Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(1), pp. 221–33 Abstract.
- ↑ John Neville Keynes, 1891. The Scope and Method of Political Economy. [1]
- ↑ John R. Hicks, 1939. Value and Capital: An Inquiry into Some Fundamental Principles of Economic Theory.
- ↑ Terence W. Hutchison, 1938. The Significance and Basic Postulates of Economic Theory.
- ↑ Paul A. Samuelson, 1947. Foundations of Economic Analysis.
- ↑ Richard G. Lipsey, 2008. "positive economics." The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ Lawrence A. Boland, 2008. "instrumentalism and operationalism," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ Lawrence A. Boland, 2003. The Foundations of Economic Method, 2nd Edition. Description links.
- ↑ Kaushik Basu, 2008. "methodological individualism," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ Harold Kincaid, 2008. "individualism versus holism," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ F.A. Hayek, 1948. Individualism and Economic Order. links.
- ↑ George J. Stigler and Paul A. Samuelson, 1963. "A Dialogue on the Proper Economic Role of the State." Selected Papers, No. 7. Arquivado em 27 de maio de 2010, no Wayback Machine. University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.
- ↑ James M. Buchanan, 1990. "The Domain of Constitutional Economics," Constitutional Political Economy, 1(1), pp. 1-18, adaptado para "Constitutional Political Economy" em C. K. Rowley and F. Schneider, ed., 2004, The Encyclopedia of Public Choice, v. 2, pp. 60-67.
- ↑ Kenneth J. Arrow, 1994. "Methodological Individualism and Social Knowledge," American Economic Review, 84(2), pp. 1-9.
- ↑ Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein, 2008. Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness. Yale. Description e preview.
- ↑ Lawrence A. Boland, 2008. "assumptions controversy," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ Shaun Hargreaves Heap, 2008. "economic man," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ Milton Friedman, 1953. "The Methodology of Positive Economics" em Essays in Positive Economics.
- ↑ Paul A. Samuelson, 1963. "Problems of Methodology: Discussion," American Economic Review, 53(2) American Economic Review, pp. 231-236. Reprinted in J.C. Wood & R.N. Woods, ed., 1990, Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments, v. I, pp. 107-13. Preview. Routledge.
- ↑ Stanley Wong, 1973. "The 'F-Twist' and the Methodology of Paul Samuelson," American Economic Review, 63(3) p p. 312-325. Reprinted in J.C. Wood & R.N. Woods, ed., Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments, v. II, pp. 224-43. Preview.
- ↑ Kenneth J. Arrow, [1987] 1989. “Economic theory and the hypothesis of rationality," in The New Palgrave: Utility and Probability, pp. 25-39.
- ↑ Lionel Robbins, 1932. An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science.
- ↑ Richard G. Lipsey, 2009. "Some Legacies of Robbins’ An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science," Economica, 76(302), pp. 845-56.
- ↑ Alexander Rosenberg (1983). "If Economics Isn't Science, What Is It?" Philosophical Forum, 14, pp. 296-314. Reprinted in M. Martin and L. C. McIntyre (1996), Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science, pp. 661-674.
- ↑ Douglas W. Hands, 1984. "What Economics Is Not: An Economist's Response to Rosenberg," Philosophy of Science, 51(3), p p. 495-503.
- ↑ Daniel M. Hausman, 1992. The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics. Description, to ch. 1 link, preview, and reviews, 1st pages: [2][3]
- ↑ George J. Stigler, 1984. "Economics—The Imperial Science?" Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 86(3), p p. 301-313.
- ↑ Edward P. Lazear, 2000. "Economic Imperialism," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(1), pp. 99-146.
- ↑ Deirdre N. McCloskey and Stephen T. Ziliak, 1996. "The Standard Error of Regressions," Journal of Economic Literature, 34(1), pp. 97–114.
- ↑ Kevin D. Hoover and Mark V. Siegler, 2008. "Sound and Fury: McCloskey and Significance Testing in Economics," Journal of Economic Methodology, 15(1), pp. 1–37; + same issue: McCloskey and Ziliak, "Signifying Nothing: Reply to ..." [preprint] and Hoover and Siegler, "... Rejoinder to ..., pp. 39–68.
- ↑ Mark Blaug, 2007. "The Social Sciences: Economics", Postwar developments, Methodological considerations in contemporary economics, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, v. 27, pp. 346-47.
- ↑ Frank H. Knight, 1924. "The Limitations of Scientific Method in Economics," in The Trend of Economics, R.G. Tugwell, ed., pp. 229-67. Reprinted in Frank H. Knight, 1935 [1997], The Ethics of Competition, pp. 97- 139.
- ↑ Daniel M. Hausman, 1983. "The Limits of Economic Science," in The Limits of Lawfulness: Studies on the Scope and Nature of Scientific Knowledge, N. Rescher, ed.. Reprinted in D.M. Hausman, 1992, Essays on Philosophy and Economic Methodology, pp. 99-108.
- ↑ Ludwig von Mises, 1949. Human Action.
- ↑ Kevin D. Hoover, 2008. "causality in economics and econometrics," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ Bruce Caldwell, [1987] 2008. "positivism," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ C.F. Bastable, [1925] 1987. "experimental methods in economics," i, The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 2, p. 241.
- ↑ Vernon L. Smith, [1987] 2008. "experimental methods in economics," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ W. Stanley Jevons, 1879. The Theory of Political Economy, 2nd ed., ch. I, "Introduction," pp. 1-29.
- ↑ Paul A. Samuelson, 1952. "Economic Theory and Mathematics — An Appraisal," American Economic Review, 42(2), pp. 56-66.
- ↑ D.W. Bushaw and R.W. Clower, 1957. Introduction to Mathematical Economics, pp. vii-viii and ch. 1, pp. 3-8.
- ↑ Gerard Debreu, 1991. "The Mathematization of Economic Theory," American Economic Review, 81(1), pp. 1-7. Arquivado em 31 de dezembro de 2008, no Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Robert W. Clower, 1994. "Economics as an Inductive Science," Southern Economic Journal, 60(4), pp. 805-814.
- ↑ Robert W. Clower, 1995. "Axiomatics in Economics," Southern Economic Journal, 62(2), pp. 307-319.
- ↑ Mark Blaug, 1998. "Disturbing Currents in Modern Economics," Challenge, 41(3), pp. 11-34. Reprint.
- ↑ Kenneth J. Arrow, 1951. Social Choice and Individual Values.
- ↑ Amartya K. Sen, 1970 [1984]. Collective Choice and Social Welfare ISBN 0-444-85127-5.
- ↑ Amartya K. Sen, 2008. "social choice," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- ↑ William Thomson, 1999. "The Young Person's Guide to Writing Economic Theory," Journal of Economic Literature, 37(1), pp. 157-183. Arquivado em 15 de junho de 2011, no Wayback Machine.
- ↑ William Thomson, 2001. A Guide for the Young Economist: Writing and Speaking Effectively about Economics. links.
- ↑ Eric Rasmusen, 2001. "Aphorisms on Writing, Speaking, and Listening," in E. Rasmusen, ed., Readings in Games and Information, pp. 389-420. PDF.
- ↑ Donald McCloskey, 1985. "Economical Writing," Economic Inquiry, 23(2), pp. 187-222.
- ↑ David N. Laband and Christopher N. Taylor, 1992. "The Impact of Bad Writing in Economics," Economic Inquiry, 30(4), pp. 673-688. Abstract.[ligação inativa]
- ↑ D.N. McCloskey, 1983. "The Rhetoric of Economics," Journal of Economic Literature, 21(2), pp. 481-517.
- ↑ D.N. McCloskey, [1985] 1998, 2nd ed. The Rhetoric of Economics. links.
- ↑ Roger Backhouse, T. Dudley-Evans, and Willie Henderson, 1993. "Exploring the Language and Rhetoric of Economics," in Willie Henderson et al., Economics and Language, pp. 1-20 (preview).
- ↑ Wassily Leontief, 1971. "Theoretical Assumptions and Nonobserved Facts," American Economic Review, 61(1), pp. 1-7. Reprinted in W. Leontief, 1977, Essays in Economics, v. 1, ch. III, pp. 24-34.
- ↑ Mark Blaug, 1992. The Methodology of Economics: Or How Economists Explain, 2nd ed. Preview.
• Roger Backhouse and Mark Blaug, 1994. New Directions in Economic Methodology, Routledge. Scroll to chapter-preview links. - ↑ D. Wade Hands, 2001. Without Rules: Economic Methodology and Contemporary Science Theory, Oxford. Desription links.
- ↑ Christopher A. Sims, 1996. "Macroeconomics and Methodology," Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(1), pp. 105-120.
- ↑ Kevin D. Hoover, 2001. The Methodology of Empirical Macroeconomics, Oxford. Description links.
