Table of Contents

PERSPECTIVES

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  Dissecting the Mechanisms Underlying Unusually Successful Human Health Span and Life Span

  • Sofiya Milman and
  • Nir Barzilai

  Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med January 2016;6:a025098doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a025098
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  Centenarian phenotypes are associated with functional variants in certain genes (e.g., the cholesterol ester transfer protein gene, or CETP). Drugs that mimic the action of these genes are under development.

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  Clinical Aspects of Adult Tuberculosis

  • Robert Loddenkemper,
  • Marc Lipman,
  • and Alimuddin Zumla

  Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med January 2016;6:a017848doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a017848
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  Postprimary tuberculosis (TB) of the lungs is the prevailing TB manifestation in adults. It may spread from the lungs via the lymphatics or bloodstream to other body sites, causing various extrapulmonary TB manifestations.

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  Noninvasive Antenatal Determination of Fetal Blood Group Using Next-Generation Sequencing

  • Klaus Rieneck,
  • Frederik Banch Clausen,
  • and Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel

  Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med January 2016;6:a023093doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a023093
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  Maternal immunological incompatibility with fetal blood groups can have serious consequences for the fetus. Rapid progress is being made to develop next-generation sequencing strategies for evaluating fetal DNA in maternal blood.

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  Origins and Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis D Virus

  • Margaret Littlejohn,
  • Stephen Locarnini,
  • and Lilly Yuen

  Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med January 2016;6:a021360doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021360
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  Ten major genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and eight genotypes of hepatitis D virus (HDV) are currently known. But the origins and long-term evolutionary histories of both HBV and HDV remain elusive and controversial.

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  Neonatal and Infantile Epilepsy: Acquired and Genetic Models

  • Aristea S. Galanopoulou and
  • Solomon L. Moshé

  Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med January 2016;6:a022707doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a022707
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  Compared to other stages of life, the incidence of epileptic seizures in infants is particularly high. Animal models that recapitulate early-life epilepsies have improved our understanding and ability to treat them.

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  The Role of Hox Genes in Female Reproductive Tract Development, Adult Function, and Fertility

  • Hongling Du and
  • Hugh S. Taylor

  Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med January 2016;6:a023002doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a023002
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  HOX genes encode transcription factors that help determine the body plan—including the positional identity of the female reproductive tract—during development. They also control the development and receptivity of the endometrium.

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  p53 as an Effector or Inhibitor of Therapy Response

  • Julien Ablain,
  • Brigitte Poirot,
  • Cécile Esnault,
  • Jacqueline Lehmann-Che,
  • and Hugues de Thé

  Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med January 2016;6:a026260doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a026260
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  p53 has been shown to promote or block therapeutic responses in different tumors. Therefore, the status of p53 (active vs. inactive) may play a key role in therapeutic decisions for individual tumors in the future.

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  The Companion Dog as a Model for the Longevity Dividend

  • Kate E. Creevy,
  • Steven N. Austad,
  • Jessica M. Hoffman,
  • Dan G. O’Neill,
  • and Daniel E.L. Promislow

  Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med January 2016;6:a026633doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a026633
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  The longevity dividend (LD) refers to the benefits that result from medical interventions to delay aging. Dogs may be useful models to study the potential of LD, given our shared environment and similar medical infrastructure.

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  The Role of Calcium Channels in Epilepsy

  • Sanjeev Rajakulendran and
  • Michael G. Hanna

  Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med January 2016;6:a022723doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a022723
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  Voltage-gated calcium channels are ubiquitously expressed in the nervous system and play diverse roles. Although some are implicated in epilepsy (e.g., T-type channels in absence seizures), the roles of others remain unclear.

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  Fusidic Acid: A Bacterial Elongation Factor Inhibitor for the Oral Treatment of Acute and Chronic Staphylococcal Infections

  • Prabhavathi Fernandes

  Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med January 2016;6:a025437doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a025437
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  Fusidic acid inhibits protein synthesis in staphylococci in a unique manner. Reports of resistance have led to the development of new dosing regimens, which show promise in effectively treating skin, bone, and joint infections.