Perang Hungary-Uthmaniyah

Perang Hungary-Uthmaniyah
	Sebahagian daripada Perang Uthmaniyah di Eropah
	; Para pertahanan Hungary di Belgrade (1456)
Tarikh	1366 sehingga 1526+
Lokasi	Balkan dan Kerajaan Beraja Hungary
Keputusan	Kemenangan berpihak kepada tentera Uthmaniyah, Kerajaan Beraja Hungary dipecahkan
Pihak yang terlibat
Kerajaan Beraja Hungary ; Kerajaan Beraja Croatia ; Wallachia ; Moldavia; Despotate Serbia	Empayar Uthmaniyah; Vasal: Despotate Serbia
Komandan dan pemimpin
Raja Hungary; Voivode Wallachia; Voivode Moldavia	Sultan Uthmaniyah
Kekuatan
~20,000 askar–60,000	Berupaya meningkatkan sehingga 100,000 tentera

Perang Hungary-Uthmaniyah merujuk pada siri-siri pertempuran di antara Empayar Uthmaniyah dengan Kerajaan Beraja Hungary. Berikutan dengan Perang Saudara Byzantine, penaklukan Gallipoli dan kemenangan dalam Pertempuran Kosovo, Empayar Uthmaniyah mara untuk menakluk keseluruhan Balkan. Bagaimanapun, serangan Uthmaniyah ke atas Serbia menyebabkan Hungary mengistiharkan perang ke atas Uthmaniyah, merebut hak ke atas Serbia, Wallachia dan Moldavia.

Kejayaan awal ke atas Hungary adalah semasa dalam Perang Salib Varna. Tanpa sokongan luar yang ketara, tentera Hungary berjaya dikalahkan. Meskipun begitu, Uthmaniyah mengalami kekalahan di Belgrade, selepas penaklukan Constantinople. Selain itu, Vlad si Penyula yang terkenal dengan bantuan terhad daripada Hungary berjaya menentang pemerintahan Uthmaniyah sehingga pihak Uthmaniyah meletakkan abang beliau, seorang lelaki yang kurang ditakuit dan dibenci oleh rakyat ke takhta Wallachia. Kejayaan Uthmaniyah sekali lagi disekat di Moldavia disebabkan campur tangan Hungary, tetapi Uthmaniyah akhirnya mendapat kejayaan apabila Moldavia dan Belgrade masing-masing telah jatuh ke tangan Bayezid II dan Suleiman al-Qanuni. Pada tahun 1526, Uthmaniyah mengalahkan tentera Hungary di Mohács dengan kematian Raja Lajos II dari Hungary bersama-sama dengan 14,000-20,000 tentera beliau.^[4] Berikutan dengan kekalahan ini, wilayah timur Kerajaan Beraja Hungary (terutamanya Transylvania) menjadi negara ufti kepada Uthmaniyah, secara konsisten terlibat dalam perang saudara melawan Raja Hungary. Perang terus berlangsung dengan konflik-konflik penting menentang dinasti Habsburg oleh Suleiman dan para pengganti beliau. Di bahagian utara dan barat Hungary, kekal bebas dari pemerintahan Uthmaniyah, tetapi Kerajaan Beraja Hungary, negara paling berkuasa di timur Vienna di bawah Matthias II kini terpecah yang sering berperang dengan Uthmaniyah.

Rujukan

^ The Kingdom ceased to exist as a de facto sovereign country after Mohacs but the Habsburg rulers remained the legitimate sovereign Kings of Hungary after the Diet of Bratislava
^ Grant, R.G. (2005). Battle a Visual Journey Through 5000 Years of Combat. London: Dorling Kindersley. m/s. 122. The Hungarians, with Vlad the Impaler had some 30,000 men whilst at Mohacs there was roughly 20,000 men
^ In 1521, The Hungarian Royal army had an initial strength of 60,000
^ Turner & Corvisier & Childs, A Dictionary of Military History and the Art of War, pp. 365–366 "In 1526, at the battle of Mohács, the Hungarian army was destroyed by the Turks. King Louis II died, along with 7 bishops, 28 barons and most of his army (4,000 cavalry and 10,000 infantry)."
Minahan, One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups, p. 311 "A peasant uprising, crushed in 1514, was followed by defeat by the Ottoman Turks at the battle of Mohacs in 1526. King Louis II and more than 20,000 of his men perished in battle, which marked the end of Hungarian power in Central Europe."

[1] The Kingdom ceased to exist as a de facto sovereign country after Mohacs but the Habsburg rulers remained the legitimate sovereign Kings of Hungary after the Diet of Bratislava

[Grant122-2] Grant, R.G. (2005). Battle a Visual Journey Through 5000 Years of Combat. London: Dorling Kindersley. m/s. 122. The Hungarians, with Vlad the Impaler had some 30,000 men whilst at Mohacs there was roughly 20,000 men

[3] In 1521, The Hungarian Royal army had an initial strength of 60,000

[4] Turner & Corvisier & Childs, A Dictionary of Military History and the Art of War, pp. 365–366 "In 1526, at the battle of Mohács, the Hungarian army was destroyed by the Turks. King Louis II died, along with 7 bishops, 28 barons and most of his army (4,000 cavalry and 10,000 infantry)."
Minahan, One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups, p. 311 "A peasant uprising, crushed in 1514, was followed by defeat by the Ottoman Turks at the battle of Mohacs in 1526. King Louis II and more than 20,000 of his men perished in battle, which marked the end of Hungarian power in Central Europe."

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]