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<!-- Names -->|pronounce=|tradename=Ventolin, Proventil, ProAir, lain-lain<ref name="brands">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/salbutamol.html|title=Salbutamol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330054502/http://www.drugs.com/international/salbutamol.html|archive-date=2016-03-30|url-status=live|access-date=April 11, 2016|df=}}</ref>|synonyms=|IUPAC_name=(''RS'')-4-[2-(''tert''-Butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
<!-- Names -->|pronounce=|tradename=Ventolin, Proventil, ProAir, lain-lain<ref name="brands">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/salbutamol.html|title=Salbutamol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330054502/http://www.drugs.com/international/salbutamol.html|archive-date=2016-03-30|url-status=live|access-date=April 11, 2016|df=}}</ref>|synonyms=|IUPAC_name=(''RS'')-4-[2-(''tert''-Butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol


<!-- Clinical data -->|class=[[Agonis adrenergik beta 2|Agonis adregenik beta<sub>2</sub>]]|pregnancy_AU=A|pregnancy_AU_comment=<ref>{{cite web | title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database | author=Thereaputic Goods Administration | publisher=Australian Government | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database | date=2018-12-19 | access-date=2017-06-20 | archive-date=2016-12-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220210434/https://www.tga.gov.au/prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Drugs.com Pregnancy">{{cite web | title=Albuterol Use During Pregnancy | website=Drugs.com | date=8 March 2019 | url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/albuterol.html | access-date=21 December 2019 | archive-date=7 December 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207195603/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/albuterol.html | url-status=live }}</ref>|routes_of_administration=Melalui mulut, sedutan, [[Terapi intravena|IV]]|onset=<15 min (disedut), <30 min (pil)<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|df=}}</ref>|duration_of_action=2–6 jam<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|df=}}</ref>|pregnancy_category=|dependency_liability=|addiction_liability=<!--External links-->|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|monograph|albuterol}}|MedlinePlus=a607004
<!-- Clinical data -->|class=[[Agonis adrenergik beta 2|Agonis adregenik beta<sub>2</sub>]]|pregnancy_AU=A|pregnancy_AU_comment=<ref>{{cite web | title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database | author=Thereaputic Goods Administration | publisher=Australian Government | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database | date=2018-12-19 | access-date=2017-06-20 | archive-date=2016-12-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220210434/https://www.tga.gov.au/prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Drugs.com Pregnancy">{{cite web | title=Albuterol Use During Pregnancy | website=Drugs.com | date=8 March 2019 | url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/albuterol.html | access-date=21 December 2019 | archive-date=7 December 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207195603/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/albuterol.html | url-status=live }}</ref>|routes_of_administration=Melalui mulut, sedutan, [[Terapi intravena|IV]]|onset=<15 min (sedutan), <30 min (pil)<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|df=}}</ref>|duration_of_action=2–6 jam<ref name=AHFS2015/>|pregnancy_category=|dependency_liability=|addiction_liability=<!--External links-->|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|monograph|albuterol}}|MedlinePlus=a607004


<!-- Legal status -->|legal_AU=S3/S4|legal_AU_comment=<ref>{{cite web|title=Poisons Standard October 2017|url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2017L01285/Html/Text#_Toc471222305|author=Thereaputic Goods Administration|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=2018-01-11|archive-date=2018-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111164951/https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2017L01285/Html/Text#_Toc471222305|url-status=live}}</ref>|legal_BR=<!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F-->|legal_BR_comment=|legal_CA=Preskripsi sahaja|legal_CA_comment=<ref>{{cite web|title=Prescription Drug List|publisher=Government of Canada|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/drug-products/prescription-drug-list/list.html|access-date=2017-06-20|archive-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712134440/https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/drug-products/prescription-drug-list/list.html|url-status=live}}</ref>|legal_DE=<!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled-->|legal_DE_comment=|legal_NZ=<!-- Class A, B, C -->|legal_NZ_comment=|legal_UK=POM|legal_UK_comment=|legal_US=Preskripsi sahaja|legal_US_comment=|legal_UN=<!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV-->|legal_UN_comment=|legal_status=<!--For countries not listed above-->|licence_CA=<!-- Health Canada may use generic or brand name (generic name preferred) -->|licence_EU=<!-- EMA uses INN (or special INN_EMA) -->|DailyMedID=Albuterol|licence_US=Albuterol
<!-- Legal status -->|legal_AU=S3/S4|legal_AU_comment=<ref>{{cite web|title=Poisons Standard October 2017|url=https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2017L01285/Html/Text#_Toc471222305|author=Thereaputic Goods Administration|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=2018-01-11|archive-date=2018-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111164951/https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2017L01285/Html/Text#_Toc471222305|url-status=live}}</ref>|legal_BR=<!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F-->|legal_BR_comment=|legal_CA=Preskripsi sahaja|legal_CA_comment=<ref>{{cite web|title=Prescription Drug List|publisher=Government of Canada|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/drug-products/prescription-drug-list/list.html|access-date=2017-06-20|archive-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712134440/https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/drug-products/prescription-drug-list/list.html|url-status=live}}</ref>|legal_DE=<!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled-->|legal_DE_comment=|legal_NZ=<!-- Class A, B, C -->|legal_NZ_comment=|legal_UK=POM|legal_UK_comment=|legal_US=Preskripsi sahaja|legal_US_comment=|legal_UN=<!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV-->|legal_UN_comment=|legal_status=<!--For countries not listed above-->|licence_CA=<!-- Health Canada may use generic or brand name (generic name preferred) -->|licence_EU=<!-- EMA uses INN (or special INN_EMA) -->|DailyMedID=Albuterol|licence_US=Albuterol
Baris 11: Baris 11:
<!-- Chemical and physical data -->|chemical_formula=|C=13|H=21|N=1|O=3|SMILES=CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O|Jmol=|StdInChI_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChI=1S/C13H21NO3/c1-13(2,3)14-7-12(17)9-4-5-11(16)10(6-9)8-15/h4-6,12,14-17H,7-8H2,1-3H3|StdInChI_comment=|StdInChIKey_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChIKey=NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N|density=|density_notes=|melting_point=|melting_high=|melting_notes=|boiling_point=|boiling_notes=|solubility=|sol_units=|specific_rotation=}}
<!-- Chemical and physical data -->|chemical_formula=|C=13|H=21|N=1|O=3|SMILES=CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O|Jmol=|StdInChI_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChI=1S/C13H21NO3/c1-13(2,3)14-7-12(17)9-4-5-11(16)10(6-9)8-15/h4-6,12,14-17H,7-8H2,1-3H3|StdInChI_comment=|StdInChIKey_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChIKey=NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N|density=|density_notes=|melting_point=|melting_high=|melting_notes=|boiling_point=|boiling_notes=|solubility=|sol_units=|specific_rotation=}}


'''Salbutamol''', juga '''albuterol''' dan dijual dengan nama '''Ventolin''' antara nama jenama lain,<ref name="brands">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/salbutamol.html|title=Salbutamol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330054502/http://www.drugs.com/international/salbutamol.html|archive-date=2016-03-30|url-status=live|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> ialah ubat yang [[Bronkodilator|membuka saluran pernafasan sederhana dan besar di dalam paru-paru]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015}}</ref> Ia digunakan untuk merawat [[Penyakit asma|asma]], termasuk [[Penyakit asma|serangan asma]], penyempitan cabang paru-paru akibat senaman, dan [[penyakit paru-paru obstruktif kronik]] (COPD).<ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|df=}}</ref> Ia juga boleh digunakan untuk merawat paras kalium dalam darah yang tinggi.<ref name="Mah2005">{{Cite journal|date=April 2005|title=Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=|issue=2|pages=CD003235|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003235.pub2|pmc=6457842|pmid=15846652}}</ref> Salbutamol biasanya digunakan dengan alat sedut atau [[penebula]] tetapi ia juga boleh didapati dalam bentuk pil, cecair, dan larutan [[Terapi dalam vena|intravena]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|df=}}</ref><ref name="starkey">{{Cite journal|date=September 2014|title=Intravenous salbutamol for childhood asthma: evidence-based medicine?|url=https://derbyhospitals-nhs.archive.knowledgearc.net/bitstream/handle/123456789/297/%2814%29%20Arch%20Dis%20Child.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|volume=99|issue=9|pages=873–7|doi=10.1136/archdischild-2013-304467|pmid=24938536|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908175627/https://derbyhospitals-nhs.archive.knowledgearc.net/bitstream/handle/123456789/297/%2814%29%20Arch%20Dis%20Child.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Versi sedutan biasanya akan jalan dalam masa 15 minit dan kekal selama dua hingga enam jam.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|df=}}</ref>
'''Salbutamol''', juga '''albuterol''' dan dijual dengan nama '''Ventolin''' antara nama jenama lain,<ref name="brands"/> ialah ubat yang [[Bronkodilator|membuka saluran pernafasan sederhana dan besar di dalam paru-paru]].<ref name="AHFS2015"/> Ia digunakan untuk merawat [[Penyakit asma|asma]], termasuk [[Penyakit asma|serangan asma]], penyempitan cabang paru-paru akibat senaman, dan [[penyakit paru-paru obstruktif kronik]] (COPD).<ref name="AHFS2015"/> Ia juga boleh digunakan untuk merawat paras kalium dalam darah yang tinggi.<ref name="Mah2005">{{Cite journal|date=April 2005|title=Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=|issue=2|pages=CD003235|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003235.pub2|pmc=6457842|pmid=15846652}}</ref> Salbutamol biasanya digunakan dengan alat sedut atau [[penebula]] tetapi ia juga boleh didapati dalam bentuk pil, cecair, dan larutan [[Terapi dalam vena|intravena]].<ref name="AHFS2015"/><ref name="starkey">{{Cite journal|date=September 2014|title=Intravenous salbutamol for childhood asthma: evidence-based medicine?|url=https://derbyhospitals-nhs.archive.knowledgearc.net/bitstream/handle/123456789/297/%2814%29%20Arch%20Dis%20Child.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|volume=99|issue=9|pages=873–7|doi=10.1136/archdischild-2013-304467|pmid=24938536|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908175627/https://derbyhospitals-nhs.archive.knowledgearc.net/bitstream/handle/123456789/297/%2814%29%20Arch%20Dis%20Child.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> Versi sedutan biasanya akan jalan dalam masa 15 minit dan kekal selama dua hingga enam jam.<ref name="AHFS2015"/>


Kesan sampingan biasa termasuk geletar, sakit kepala, [[Takikardia|degupan jantung yang cepat]], pening dan rasa resah.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html "Albuterol"]. ''Drugs.com''. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html Archived] from the original on 2015-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Kesan sampingan yang serius mungkin termasuk kekejangan bronkus yang semakin teruk, [[Disritmia jantung|degupan jantung yang tidak teratur]] dan paras kalium dalam darah yang rendah.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|df=}}</ref> Ia boleh digunakan semasa [[Kehamilan|mengandung]] dan [[Penyusuan susu ibu|menyusukan bayi]], tetapi keselamatannya tidak betul-betul jelas.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|df=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA32|title=Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk|last=Yaffe|first=Sumner J.|date=2011|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781608317080|edition=9th|location=Philadelphia|page=32|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208061118/https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA32|archive-date=2015-12-08|df=}}</ref> Ia adalah [[Agonis adrenergik beta2|agonis reseptor adrenergik <sub>β2</sub>]] yang bertindak dengan jangka pendek, berfungsi dengan melonggarkan otot licin saluran pernafasan.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|df=}}</ref>
Kesan sampingan biasa termasuk geletar, sakit kepala, [[Takikardia|degupan jantung yang cepat]], pening dan rasa resah.<ref name="AHFS2015"/> Kesan sampingan yang serius mungkin termasuk kekejangan bronkus yang semakin teruk, [[Disritmia jantung|degupan jantung yang tidak teratur]] dan paras kalium dalam darah yang rendah.<ref name="AHFS2015"/> Ia boleh digunakan semasa [[Kehamilan|mengandung]] dan [[Penyusuan susu ibu|menyusukan bayi]], tetapi keselamatannya tidak betul-betul jelas.<ref name="AHFS2015"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA32|title=Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk|last=Yaffe|first=Sumner J.|date=2011|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781608317080|edition=9th|location=Philadelphia|page=32|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208061118/https://books.google.ca/books?id=OIgTE4aynrMC&pg=PA32|archive-date=2015-12-08|df=}}</ref> Ia adalah [[Agonis adrenergik beta2|agonis reseptor adrenergik <sub>β2</sub>]] yang bertindak dengan jangka pendek, berfungsi dengan melonggarkan otot licin saluran pernafasan.<ref name="AHFS2015"/>


Salbutamol telah dipatenkan pada tahun 1966 di Britain dan dijual di UK pada tahun 1969.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=IH4lPs6S1bMC&pg=PA226|title=Pharmaceutical innovation: revolutionizing human health|last=Landau|first=Ralph|date=1999|publisher=Chemical Heritage Press|isbn=9780941901215|location=Philadelphia|page=226|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208072936/https://books.google.ca/books?id=IH4lPs6S1bMC&pg=PA226|archive-date=2015-12-08|df=}}</ref> <ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA542|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=542|access-date=2019-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306085815/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA542|archive-date=2019-03-06}}</ref> Ia telah diluluskan untuk kegunaan perubatan di Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1982.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html "Albuterol"]. ''Drugs.com''. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html Archived] from the original on 2015-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Ia berada dalam [[Senarai Model Ubat Penting WHO|Senarai Ubat Penting Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|publisher=World Health Organization|year=2019|location=Geneva|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Salbutamol boleh didapati sebagai [[ubat generik]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|title=Albuterol|last=|first=|date=|website=Drugs.com|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208181121/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=live|access-date=Dec 2, 2015|df=}}</ref> Kos borong di [[Negara membangun|negara-negara membangun]] bagi alat sedut yang mengandungi 200 dos adalah antara {{US$|1.12}} dan {{US$|2.64}} {{Setakat|2014}}.<ref name="ERC2014">{{Cite web|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=708&searchYear=2014|title=Salbutamol|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125302/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=708&searchYear=2014|archive-date=22 January 2018|access-date=5 December 2015}}</ref> Di Amerika Syarikat, bekalan sebulan biasa adalah antara {{US$|25}} dan {{US$|50}}.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=448}}</ref> Pada tahun 2017, ia adalah ubat kesepuluh yang paling kerap dipreskripsikan di Amerika Syarikat, dengan lebih daripada 50 juta preskripsi.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|title=The Top 300 of 2020|website=ClinCalc|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|archive-date=18 March 2020|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Albuterol|title=Albuterol - Drug Usage Statistics|date=1 December 1981|website=ClinCalc|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106065652/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Albuterol|archive-date=6 November 2021|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref>
Salbutamol telah dipatenkan pada tahun 1966 di Britain dan dijual di UK pada tahun 1969.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=IH4lPs6S1bMC&pg=PA226|title=Pharmaceutical innovation: revolutionizing human health|last=Landau|first=Ralph|date=1999|publisher=Chemical Heritage Press|isbn=9780941901215|location=Philadelphia|page=226|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208072936/https://books.google.ca/books?id=IH4lPs6S1bMC&pg=PA226|archive-date=2015-12-08|df=}}</ref> <ref name="Fis2006">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA542|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=542|access-date=2019-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306085815/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA542|archive-date=2019-03-06}}</ref> Ia telah diluluskan untuk kegunaan perubatan di Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1982.<ref name="AHFS2015"/> Ia berada dalam [[Senarai Model Ubat Penting WHO|Senarai Ubat Penting Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|publisher=World Health Organization|year=2019|location=Geneva|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Salbutamol boleh didapati sebagai [[ubat generik]].<ref name="AHFS2015"/> Kos borong di [[Negara membangun|negara-negara membangun]] bagi alat sedut yang mengandungi 200 dos adalah antara {{US$|1.12}} dan {{US$|2.64}} {{Setakat|2014}}.<ref name="ERC2014">{{Cite web|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=708&searchYear=2014|title=Salbutamol|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125302/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=708&searchYear=2014|archive-date=22 January 2018|access-date=5 December 2015}}</ref> Di Amerika Syarikat, bekalan sebulan biasa adalah antara {{US$|25}} dan {{US$|50}}.<ref name="Ric2015">{{Cite book|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=448}}</ref> Pada tahun 2017, ia adalah ubat kesepuluh yang paling kerap dipreskripsikan di Amerika Syarikat, dengan lebih daripada 50 juta preskripsi.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|title=The Top 300 of 2020|website=ClinCalc|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|archive-date=18 March 2020|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Albuterol|title=Albuterol - Drug Usage Statistics|date=1 December 1981|website=ClinCalc|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106065652/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Albuterol|archive-date=6 November 2021|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref>


== Rujukan ==
== Rujukan ==
Baris 23: Baris 23:
* [http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/mv_salbutamol.htm Salbutamol] di ''[[The Periodic Table of Videos]]''
* [http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/mv_salbutamol.htm Salbutamol] di ''[[The Periodic Table of Videos]]''


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Semakan semasa pada 21:43, 4 Februari 2024

Salbutamol
Salbutamol (atas),
(R)-(−)-salbutamol (tengah) dan
(S)-(+)-salbutamol (bawah)
Data klinikal
Nama dagangVentolin, Proventil, ProAir, lain-lain[1]
Nama lainAlbuterol (USAN AS)
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa607004
Data lesen
Kategori
kehamilan
Kaedah
pemberian		Melalui mulut, sedutan, IV
Kelas ubatAgonis adregenik beta2
Status perundangan
Status perundangan
  • AU: S3/S4 [4]
  • KA: Preskripsi sahaja [5]
  • UK: POM (Preskripsi sahaja)
  • AS: Preskripsi sahaja
Data farmakokinetik
MetabolismeHati
Mula masa tindak<15 min (sedutan), <30 min (pil)[6]
Penyingkiran separuh hayat3.8–6 jam
Tempoh tindak2–6 jam[6]
PerkumuhanBuah pinggang
Pengecam
  • (RS)-4-[2-(tert-Butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
ECHA InfoCard100.038.552 Sunting ini di Wikidata
Data kimia dan fizikal
FormulaC13H21NO3
Jisim molar239.32 g·mol−1
Model 3D (JSmol)
KekiralanCampuran rasemik
  • CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O
  • InChI=1S/C13H21NO3/c1-13(2,3)14-7-12(17)9-4-5-11(16)10(6-9)8-15/h4-6,12,14-17H,7-8H2,1-3H3 ☑Y
  • Key:NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☑Y
 ☒N☑Y (what is this?)  (verify)

Salbutamol, juga albuterol dan dijual dengan nama Ventolin antara nama jenama lain,[1] ialah ubat yang membuka saluran pernafasan sederhana dan besar di dalam paru-paru.[6] Ia digunakan untuk merawat asma, termasuk serangan asma, penyempitan cabang paru-paru akibat senaman, dan penyakit paru-paru obstruktif kronik (COPD).[6] Ia juga boleh digunakan untuk merawat paras kalium dalam darah yang tinggi.[7] Salbutamol biasanya digunakan dengan alat sedut atau penebula tetapi ia juga boleh didapati dalam bentuk pil, cecair, dan larutan intravena.[6][8] Versi sedutan biasanya akan jalan dalam masa 15 minit dan kekal selama dua hingga enam jam.[6]

Kesan sampingan biasa termasuk geletar, sakit kepala, degupan jantung yang cepat, pening dan rasa resah.[6] Kesan sampingan yang serius mungkin termasuk kekejangan bronkus yang semakin teruk, degupan jantung yang tidak teratur dan paras kalium dalam darah yang rendah.[6] Ia boleh digunakan semasa mengandung dan menyusukan bayi, tetapi keselamatannya tidak betul-betul jelas.[6][9] Ia adalah agonis reseptor adrenergik β2 yang bertindak dengan jangka pendek, berfungsi dengan melonggarkan otot licin saluran pernafasan.[6]

Salbutamol telah dipatenkan pada tahun 1966 di Britain dan dijual di UK pada tahun 1969.[10] [11] Ia telah diluluskan untuk kegunaan perubatan di Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1982.[6] Ia berada dalam Senarai Ubat Penting Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia.[12] Salbutamol boleh didapati sebagai ubat generik.[6] Kos borong di negara-negara membangun bagi alat sedut yang mengandungi 200 dos adalah antara US$1.12 dan US$2.64 Setakat 2014.[13] Di Amerika Syarikat, bekalan sebulan biasa adalah antara US$25 dan US$50.[14] Pada tahun 2017, ia adalah ubat kesepuluh yang paling kerap dipreskripsikan di Amerika Syarikat, dengan lebih daripada 50 juta preskripsi.[15][16]

Rujukan

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ a b "Salbutamol". Drugs.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2016-03-30. Dicapai pada April 11, 2016.
  2. ^ Thereaputic Goods Administration (2018-12-19). "Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Australian Government. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2016-12-20. Dicapai pada 2017-06-20.
  3. ^ "Albuterol Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 8 March 2019. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 December 2019. Dicapai pada 21 December 2019.
  4. ^ Thereaputic Goods Administration. "Poisons Standard October 2017". Australian Government. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2018-01-11. Dicapai pada 2018-01-11.
  5. ^ "Prescription Drug List". Government of Canada. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2017-07-12. Dicapai pada 2017-06-20.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Albuterol". Drugs.com. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2015-12-08. Dicapai pada Dec 2, 2015.
  7. ^ "Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD003235. April 2005. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003235.pub2. PMC 6457842. PMID 15846652.
  8. ^ "Intravenous salbutamol for childhood asthma: evidence-based medicine?" (PDF). Archives of Disease in Childhood. 99 (9): 873–7. September 2014. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-304467. PMID 24938536. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2017-09-08.
  9. ^ Yaffe, Sumner J. (2011). Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk (ed. 9th). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. m/s. 32. ISBN 9781608317080. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2015-12-08.
  10. ^ Landau, Ralph (1999). Pharmaceutical innovation: revolutionizing human health. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press. m/s. 226. ISBN 9780941901215. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2015-12-08.
  11. ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. m/s. 542. ISBN 9783527607495. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2019-03-06. Dicapai pada 2019-03-03.
  12. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771.
  13. ^ "Salbutamol". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 January 2018. Dicapai pada 5 December 2015.
  14. ^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. m/s. 448. ISBN 9781284057560.
  15. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 18 March 2020. Dicapai pada 11 April 2020.
  16. ^ "Albuterol - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 1 December 1981. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 6 November 2021. Dicapai pada 11 April 2020.

Pautan luar

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