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— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —

— ᴘᴇɴɢɢᴜɴᴀ ɪɴɪ ᴛᴇʟᴀʜ ʙᴇʀsᴀʀᴀ —

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-[[Bahasa Inggeris|—| ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ |—|Bahasa Inggeris|—Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor™ 870604295559®|—]]
-[[#— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —#]]<nowiki>[[Bahasa Inggeris|—| ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ |—|Bahasa Inggeris|—Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor™ 870604295559®|—|Infobox Treaty|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|</nowiki>{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|name=88<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref>= Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 8.</ref>  Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 9.</ref> Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk "pemerhatian kesimpulan".  Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|access-date=2008-06-03|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref> {[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor™ 870604295559®|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —#]]{{Infobox Treaty|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Setiausaha Agung PBB] {{{{File:CSV}}}{{{Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB}}}{{{Infobox Treaty|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination<ref name=ICERT>{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref>|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19>ICERD, Article 19.</ref>|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|depositor=[File:[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]][file:<ref name=art18>ICERD, Article 18</ref>]  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)         Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik "Negaraku" English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp  [[national anthem|"Negaraku" (pronounced [nəgaraku]]][nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan".  History Competition and invited composers  At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable.  Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a "curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job"), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed "Majulah Singapura", the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down.  Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's "La Rosalie" as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder  Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the "traditional flavour" of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan", also the melody of a popular song called "Terang Bulan". The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts.  1992 rearrangement  The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music.  2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming  In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning "My Malaysia"). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris.  Lyrics Malay original	Jawi script (unofficial)	IPA transcription	English translation   Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju  𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇  	  نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو!  𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎  	  [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu]  𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇  	  My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive!  𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇  Etiquette Individual conduct  Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month.  Other songs with same melody  Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem:  1930s  "Mamula Moon" was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat.  1940s  "I Shall Return" was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca.  1950s  The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as "Malayan Moon" in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is "Planting Rice", loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney.  See also   Malaysia portal Music portal "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan" "Terang Bulan" Notes References  "Unity and progress are anthem themes". The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957.  Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). "Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016.  The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010  Durup, Julien. "The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles". Retrieved 16 December 2022.  Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). "Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022.  "More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku". New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link]  Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). "New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day". BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015.  "Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  "Lirik Lagu Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine  Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022  I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022  "Malayan Moon" (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022  Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., "History of 28 national anthems". BBC, "New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day" Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio  [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube  [[{{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}  {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}]]]|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25>ICERD, Article 25.</ref>|footnotes=[file:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}} [[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum: {{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}} {{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]] '''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim [[bahasa Inggeris]]: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah [[Perjanjian|konvensyen]] (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.<ref name="Art2.1">ICERD, Article 2.1</ref> Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.<ref name="Art4">ICERD, Article 4.</ref>  Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.  Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh [[Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Perhimpunan Agung PBB]] pada 21 Disember 1965,<ref name="UNGA2106">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref> dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}<nowiki>[file:  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)         Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik "Negaraku" English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit </nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{</nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp  </nowiki>[[National anthem|"Negaraku" (pronounced [nəgaraku]]]<nowiki>[nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan".  History Competition and invited composers  At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable.  Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a "curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job"), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed "Majulah Singapura", the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down.  Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's "La Rosalie" as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder  Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the "traditional flavour" of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan", also the melody of a popular song called "Terang Bulan". The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts.  1992 rearrangement  The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music.  2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming  In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning "My Malaysia"). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris.  Lyrics Malay original	Jawi script (unofficial)	IPA transcription	English translation   Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju  𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇  	  نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو!  𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎  	  [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu]  𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇  	  My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive!  𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇  Etiquette Individual conduct  Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month.  Other songs with same melody  Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem:  1930s  "Mamula Moon" was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat.  1940s  "I Shall Return" was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca.  1950s  The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as "Malayan Moon" in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is "Planting Rice", loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney.  See also   Malaysia portal Music portal "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan" "Terang Bulan" Notes References  "Unity and progress are anthem themes". The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957.  Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). "Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016.  The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010  Durup, Julien. "The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles". Retrieved 16 December 2022.  Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). "Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022.  "More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku". New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link]  Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). "New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day". BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015.  "Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  "Lirik Lagu Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine  Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022  I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022  "Malayan Moon" (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022  Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., "History of 28 national anthems". BBC, "New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day" Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio  [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube  [[{{</nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}  {{</nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA}}]]</nowiki></ref>  Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).== Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 8.</ref>  Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 9.</ref> Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk "pemerhatian kesimpulan".  Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|dead-url=yes|access-date=2008-06-03}}</ref> Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" !Nama !Negara !Tarikh luput penggal|}== Lihat juga ==  * [[Anti-racism|Anti-rasisme]] * [[Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Perisytiharan Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum]] * [[Racial Equality Proposal, 1919|Cadangan Kesamaan Ras, 1919]] * [[World Conference against Racism|Persidangan Dunia menentang Rasisme]] * [[Environmental racism in Europe|Rasisme Persekitaran di Eropah]] * [[Environmental racism|Rasisme Persekitaran]]  == Rujukan == {{reflist|30em}}  {{Kawalan kewibawaan}}  [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Afghanistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Albania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Algeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Andorra]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Antigua dan Barbuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Argentina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Armenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Australia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Austria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Azerbaijan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahamas]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahrain]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bangladesh]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Barbados]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Belarusia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belgium]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belize]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Benin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bolivia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bosnia dan Herzegovina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Botswana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian kediktatoran tentera Brazil]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Bulgaria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burkina Faso]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burundi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Kampuchea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cameroon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kanada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanjung Verde]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Afrika Tengah]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chad]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chile]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat China]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Colombia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Comoros]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zaire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Congo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Costa Rica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Côte d'Ivoire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Croatia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cuba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cyprus]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Czech]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Czechoslovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Denmark]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Djibouti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Dominika]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Timor Leste]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ecuador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mesir]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian El Salvador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea Khatulistiwa]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eritrea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Estonia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Derg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Fiji]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Finland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Perancis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gabon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Georgia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jerman Barat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ghana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Yunani]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Grenada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guatemala]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea-Bissau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Haiti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Takhta Suci]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Honduras]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Hungary]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iceland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian India]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iran Pahlavi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iraq Ba'ath]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ireland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Israel]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Itali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jamaica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jepun]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jordan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kazakhstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kenya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kiribati]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Korea Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kuwait]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kyrgyzstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Laos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Latvia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lubnan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lesotho]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liberia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Libya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liechtenstein]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lithuania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Luxembourg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Makedonia Utara]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Madagaskar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malawi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maldives]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malta]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritius]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mexico]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Moldova]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Monaco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mongolia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maghribi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mozambique]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Namibia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nepal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian New Zealand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nicaragua]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Niger]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nigeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Norway]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Oman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Pakistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Negara Palestin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Panama]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Papua New Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Paraguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Peru]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Filipina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Poland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Qatar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Romania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Rwanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Kitts dan Nevis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Lucia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Vincent dan Kepulauan Grenadine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian San Marino]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Arab Saudi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Senegal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Serbia dan Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Seychelles]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sierra Leone]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kepulauan Solomon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demoratik Somali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Afrika Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kesatuan Soviet]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sepanyol Franco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sri Lanka]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Sudan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Suriname]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eswatini]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian São Tomé dan Príncipe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Singapura]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sweden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Switzerland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Syria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tajikistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanzania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Thailand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Togo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tonga]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Trinidad dan Tobago]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tunisia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turki]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turkmenistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uganda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Emiriah Arab Bersatu]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian United Kingdom]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Amerika Syarikat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uruguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uzbekistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Venezuela]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Vietnam]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Arab Yaman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Yugoslavia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zimbabwe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Faroe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Greenland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Aruba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antillen Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Akrotiri dan Dhekelia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Bermuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Antartik British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Lautan Hindi British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Virgin British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Cayman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Falkland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Gibraltar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Guernsey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Pulau Man]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Jersey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Montserrat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Pitcairn]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Georgia Selatan dan Kepulauan Sandwich Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Tokelau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Hong Kong]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Makau Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Koloni Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antigua dan Barbuda British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Brunei (negeri naungan)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Dominika British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Grenada British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Lucia British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Solomon British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kerajaan Tonga (1900–1970)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Negeri Naungan Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Berlin Barat]]<ref name=ICERT>{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref>|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19>ICERD, Article 19.</ref>|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|depositor=[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]]<ref name=art18>ICERD, Article 18.</ref>|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25>ICERD, Article 25.</ref>|footnotes=[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}}
-[[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|[[Bahasa Inggeris|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum:]]{{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}}{{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|'''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim bahasa Inggeris: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah konvensyen (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.]]<ref name="Art2.1">ICERD, Article 2.1</ref> [[Bahasa Inggeris|Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.]]<ref name="Art4">ICERD, Article 4.</ref>
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh Perhimpunan Agung PBB pada 21 Disember 1965,]]<ref name="UNGA2106">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref> [[Bahasa Inggeris|dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.]]<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref>
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴘᴇɴɢɢᴜɴᴀ ɪɴɪ ᴛᴇʟᴀʜ ʙᴇʀsᴀʀᴀ —]]
-}|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Setiausaha Agung PBB] {{{{File:CSV}}}{{{Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB}}}{{{Infobox Treaty|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination<ref name=ICERT>{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref>|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19>ICERD, Article 19.</ref>|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|depositor=[File:[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]][file:<ref name=art18>ICERD, Article 18</ref>]  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)         Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik "Negaraku" English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp  [[national anthem|"Negaraku" (pronounced [nəgaraku]]][nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan".  History Competition and invited composers  At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable.  Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a "curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job"), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed "Majulah Singapura", the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down.  Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's "La Rosalie" as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder  Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the "traditional flavour" of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan", also the melody of a popular song called "Terang Bulan". The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts.  1992 rearrangement  The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music.  2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming  In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning "My Malaysia"). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris.  Lyrics Malay original	Jawi script (unofficial)	IPA transcription	English translation   Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju  𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇  	  نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو!  𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎  	  [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu]  𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇  	  My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive!  𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇  Etiquette Individual conduct  Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month.  Other songs with same melody  Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem:  1930s  "Mamula Moon" was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat.  1940s  "I Shall Return" was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca.  1950s  The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as "Malayan Moon" in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is "Planting Rice", loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney.  See also   Malaysia portal Music portal "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan" "Terang Bulan" Notes References  "Unity and progress are anthem themes". The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957.  Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). "Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016.  The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010  Durup, Julien. "The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles". Retrieved 16 December 2022.  Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). "Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022.  "More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku". New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link]  Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). "New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day". BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015.  "Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  "Lirik Lagu Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine  Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022  I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022  "Malayan Moon" (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022  Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., "History of 28 national anthems". BBC, "New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day" Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio  [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube  [[{{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}  {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}]]]|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25>ICERD, Article 25.</ref>|footnotes=[file:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}}
-[[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum: {{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}} {{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]]
-'''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim [[bahasa Inggeris]]: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah [[Perjanjian|konvensyen]] (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.<ref name="Art2.1">ICERD, Article 2.1</ref> Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.<ref name="Art4">ICERD, Article 4.</ref>  Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.  Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh [[Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Perhimpunan Agung PBB]] pada 21 Disember 1965,<ref name="UNGA2106">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref> dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref>  Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).== Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 8.</ref>  Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 9.</ref> Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk "pemerhatian kesimpulan".  Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|access-date=2008-06-03|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref> {[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor™ 870604295559®]]
-[[#— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —#]]{{Infobox Treaty|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Setiausaha Agung PBB] {{{{File:CSV}}}{{{Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB}}}{{{Infobox Treaty|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination<ref name=ICERT>{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref>|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19>ICERD, Article 19.</ref>|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|depositor=[File:[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]][file:<ref name=art18>ICERD, Article 18</ref>]  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)         Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik "Negaraku" English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp  [[national anthem|"Negaraku" (pronounced [nəgaraku]]][nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan".  History Competition and invited composers  At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable.  Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a "curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job"), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed "Majulah Singapura", the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down.  Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's "La Rosalie" as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder  Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the "traditional flavour" of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan", also the melody of a popular song called "Terang Bulan". The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts.  1992 rearrangement  The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music.  2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming  In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning "My Malaysia"). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris.  Lyrics Malay original	Jawi script (unofficial)	IPA transcription	English translation   Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju  𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇  	  نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو!  𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎  	  [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu]  𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇  	  My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive!  𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇  Etiquette Individual conduct  Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month.  Other songs with same melody  Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem:  1930s  "Mamula Moon" was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat.  1940s  "I Shall Return" was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca.  1950s  The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as "Malayan Moon" in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is "Planting Rice", loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney.  See also   Malaysia portal Music portal "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan" "Terang Bulan" Notes References  "Unity and progress are anthem themes". The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957.  Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). "Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016.  The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010  Durup, Julien. "The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles". Retrieved 16 December 2022.  Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). "Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022.  "More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku". New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link]  Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). "New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day". BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015.  "Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  "Lirik Lagu Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine  Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022  I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022  "Malayan Moon" (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022  Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., "History of 28 national anthems". BBC, "New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day" Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio  [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube  [[{{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}  {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}]]]|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25>ICERD, Article 25.</ref>|footnotes=[file:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}} [[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum: {{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}} {{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]] '''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim [[bahasa Inggeris]]: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah [[Perjanjian|konvensyen]] (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.<ref name="Art2.1">ICERD, Article 2.1</ref> Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.<ref name="Art4">ICERD, Article 4.</ref>  Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.  Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh [[Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Perhimpunan Agung PBB]] pada 21 Disember 1965,<ref name="UNGA2106">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref> dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}<nowiki>[file:  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)         Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik "Negaraku" English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit </nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{</nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp  </nowiki>[[National anthem|"Negaraku" (pronounced [nəgaraku]]]<nowiki>[nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan".  History Competition and invited composers  At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable.  Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a "curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job"), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed "Majulah Singapura", the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down.  Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's "La Rosalie" as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder  Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the "traditional flavour" of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan", also the melody of a popular song called "Terang Bulan". The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts.  1992 rearrangement  The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music.  2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming  In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning "My Malaysia"). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris.  Lyrics Malay original	Jawi script (unofficial)	IPA transcription	English translation   Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju  𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇  	  نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو!  𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎  	  [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu]  𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇  	  My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive!  𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇  Etiquette Individual conduct  Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month.  Other songs with same melody  Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem:  1930s  "Mamula Moon" was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat.  1940s  "I Shall Return" was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca.  1950s  The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as "Malayan Moon" in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is "Planting Rice", loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney.  See also   Malaysia portal Music portal "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan" "Terang Bulan" Notes References  "Unity and progress are anthem themes". The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957.  Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). "Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016.  The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010  Durup, Julien. "The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles". Retrieved 16 December 2022.  Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). "Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022.  "More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku". New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link]  Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). "New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day". BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015.  "Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  "Lirik Lagu Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine  Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022  I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022  "Malayan Moon" (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022  Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., "History of 28 national anthems". BBC, "New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day" Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio  [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube  [[{{</nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}  {{</nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA}}]]</nowiki></ref>  Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).== Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 8.</ref>  Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 9.</ref> Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk "pemerhatian kesimpulan".  Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|dead-url=yes|access-date=2008-06-03}}</ref> Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" !Nama !Negara !Tarikh luput penggal|}== Lihat juga ==  * [[Anti-racism|Anti-rasisme]] * [[Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Perisytiharan Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum]] * [[Racial Equality Proposal, 1919|Cadangan Kesamaan Ras, 1919]] * [[World Conference against Racism|Persidangan Dunia menentang Rasisme]] * [[Environmental racism in Europe|Rasisme Persekitaran di Eropah]] * [[Environmental racism|Rasisme Persekitaran]]  == Rujukan == {{reflist|30em}}  {{Kawalan kewibawaan}}  [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Afghanistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Albania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Algeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Andorra]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Antigua dan Barbuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Argentina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Armenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Australia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Austria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Azerbaijan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahamas]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahrain]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bangladesh]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Barbados]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Belarusia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belgium]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belize]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Benin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bolivia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bosnia dan Herzegovina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Botswana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian kediktatoran tentera Brazil]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Bulgaria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burkina Faso]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burundi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Kampuchea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cameroon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kanada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanjung Verde]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Afrika Tengah]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chad]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chile]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat China]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Colombia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Comoros]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zaire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Congo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Costa Rica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Côte d'Ivoire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Croatia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cuba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cyprus]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Czech]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Czechoslovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Denmark]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Djibouti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Dominika]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Timor Leste]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ecuador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mesir]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian El Salvador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea Khatulistiwa]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eritrea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Estonia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Derg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Fiji]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Finland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Perancis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gabon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Georgia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jerman Barat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ghana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Yunani]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Grenada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guatemala]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea-Bissau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Haiti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Takhta Suci]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Honduras]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Hungary]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iceland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian India]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iran Pahlavi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iraq Ba'ath]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ireland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Israel]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Itali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jamaica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jepun]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jordan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kazakhstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kenya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kiribati]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Korea Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kuwait]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kyrgyzstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Laos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Latvia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lubnan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lesotho]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liberia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Libya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liechtenstein]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lithuania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Luxembourg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Makedonia Utara]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Madagaskar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malawi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maldives]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malta]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritius]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mexico]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Moldova]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Monaco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mongolia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maghribi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mozambique]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Namibia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nepal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian New Zealand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nicaragua]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Niger]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nigeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Norway]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Oman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Pakistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Negara Palestin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Panama]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Papua New Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Paraguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Peru]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Filipina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Poland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Qatar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Romania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Rwanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Kitts dan Nevis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Lucia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Vincent dan Kepulauan Grenadine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian San Marino]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Arab Saudi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Senegal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Serbia dan Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Seychelles]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sierra Leone]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kepulauan Solomon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demoratik Somali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Afrika Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kesatuan Soviet]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sepanyol Franco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sri Lanka]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Sudan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Suriname]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eswatini]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian São Tomé dan Príncipe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Singapura]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sweden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Switzerland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Syria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tajikistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanzania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Thailand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Togo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tonga]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Trinidad dan Tobago]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tunisia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turki]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turkmenistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uganda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Emiriah Arab Bersatu]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian United Kingdom]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Amerika Syarikat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uruguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uzbekistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Venezuela]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Vietnam]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Arab Yaman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Yugoslavia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zimbabwe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Faroe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Greenland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Aruba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antillen Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Akrotiri dan Dhekelia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Bermuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Antartik British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Lautan Hindi British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Virgin British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Cayman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Falkland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Gibraltar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Guernsey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Pulau Man]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Jersey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Montserrat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Pitcairn]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Georgia Selatan dan Kepulauan Sandwich Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Tokelau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Hong Kong]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Makau Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Koloni Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antigua dan Barbuda British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Brunei (negeri naungan)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Dominika British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Grenada British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Lucia British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Solomon British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kerajaan Tonga (1900–1970)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Negeri Naungan Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Berlin Barat]]<ref name=ICERT>{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref>|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19>ICERD, Article 19.</ref>|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|depositor=[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]]<ref name=art18>ICERD, Article 18.</ref>|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25>ICERD, Article 25.</ref>|footnotes=[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}}
-[[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|[[Bahasa Inggeris|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum:]]{{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}}{{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|'''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim bahasa Inggeris: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah konvensyen (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.]]<ref name="Art2.1">ICERD, Article 2.1</ref> [[Bahasa Inggeris|Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.]]<ref name="Art4">ICERD, Article 4.</ref>
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh Perhimpunan Agung PBB pada 21 Disember 1965,]]<ref name="UNGA2106">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref> [[Bahasa Inggeris|dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.]]<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref>
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴘᴇɴɢɢᴜɴᴀ ɪɴɪ ᴛᴇʟᴀʜ ʙᴇʀsᴀʀᴀ —]]
-}|class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" !Nama !Negara !Tarikh luput penggal|}== Lihat juga ==  * [[Anti-racism|Anti-rasisme]] * [[Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Perisytiharan Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum]] * [[Racial Equality Proposal, 1919|Cadangan Kesamaan Ras, 1919]] * [[World Conference against Racism|Persidangan Dunia menentang Rasisme]] * [[Environmental racism in Europe|Rasisme Persekitaran di Eropah]] * [[Environmental racism|Rasisme Persekitaran]]  == Rujukan ==
-<references group="" responsive="0"></references>
-{{Kawalan kewibawaan}}
-<ref name="ICERT">{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref>|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref>|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref>|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name="art19">ICERD, Article 19.</ref>|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref>= Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 8.</ref>  Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 9.</ref> Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk "pemerhatian kesimpulan".  Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|access-date=2008-06-03|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref> {[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor™ 870604295559®]]
-[[#— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —#]]{{Infobox Treaty|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Setiausaha Agung PBB] {{{{File:CSV}}}{{{Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB}}}{{{Infobox Treaty|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination<ref name=ICERT>{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref>|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19>ICERD, Article 19.</ref>|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|depositor=[File:[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]][file:<ref name=art18>ICERD, Article 18</ref>]  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)         Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik "Negaraku" English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp  [[national anthem|"Negaraku" (pronounced [nəgaraku]]][nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan".  History Competition and invited composers  At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable.  Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a "curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job"), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed "Majulah Singapura", the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down.  Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's "La Rosalie" as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder  Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the "traditional flavour" of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan", also the melody of a popular song called "Terang Bulan". The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts.  1992 rearrangement  The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music.  2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming  In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning "My Malaysia"). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris.  Lyrics Malay original	Jawi script (unofficial)	IPA transcription	English translation   Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju  𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇  	  نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو!  𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎  	  [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu]  𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇  	  My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive!  𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇  Etiquette Individual conduct  Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month.  Other songs with same melody  Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem:  1930s  "Mamula Moon" was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat.  1940s  "I Shall Return" was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca.  1950s  The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as "Malayan Moon" in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is "Planting Rice", loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney.  See also   Malaysia portal Music portal "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan" "Terang Bulan" Notes References  "Unity and progress are anthem themes". The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957.  Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). "Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016.  The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010  Durup, Julien. "The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles". Retrieved 16 December 2022.  Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). "Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022.  "More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku". New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link]  Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). "New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day". BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015.  "Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  "Lirik Lagu Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine  Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022  I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022  "Malayan Moon" (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022  Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., "History of 28 national anthems". BBC, "New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day" Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio  [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube  [[{{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}  {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}]]]|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25>ICERD, Article 25.</ref>|footnotes=[file:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}} [[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum: {{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}} {{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]] '''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim [[bahasa Inggeris]]: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah [[Perjanjian|konvensyen]] (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.<ref name="Art2.1">ICERD, Article 2.1</ref> Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.<ref name="Art4">ICERD, Article 4.</ref>  Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.  Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh [[Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Perhimpunan Agung PBB]] pada 21 Disember 1965,<ref name="UNGA2106">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref> dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}<nowiki>[file:  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)         Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik "Negaraku" English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit </nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{</nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp  </nowiki>[[National anthem|"Negaraku" (pronounced [nəgaraku]]]<nowiki>[nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan".  History Competition and invited composers  At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable.  Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a "curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job"), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed "Majulah Singapura", the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down.  Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's "La Rosalie" as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder  Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the "traditional flavour" of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan", also the melody of a popular song called "Terang Bulan". The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts.  1992 rearrangement  The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music.  2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming  In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning "My Malaysia"). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris.  Lyrics Malay original	Jawi script (unofficial)	IPA transcription	English translation   Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju  𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇  	  نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو!  𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎  	  [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu]  𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇  	  My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive!  𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇  Etiquette Individual conduct  Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month.  Other songs with same melody  Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem:  1930s  "Mamula Moon" was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat.  1940s  "I Shall Return" was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca.  1950s  The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as "Malayan Moon" in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is "Planting Rice", loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney.  See also   Malaysia portal Music portal "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan" "Terang Bulan" Notes References  "Unity and progress are anthem themes". The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957.  Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). "Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016.  The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010  Durup, Julien. "The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles". Retrieved 16 December 2022.  Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). "Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022.  "More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku". New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link]  Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). "New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day". BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015.  "Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  "Lirik Lagu Negaraku" (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022.  s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine  Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022  I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022  "Malayan Moon" (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022  Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., "History of 28 national anthems". BBC, "New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day" Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio  [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube  [[{{</nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}  {{</nowiki>https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki> or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA}}]]</nowiki></ref>  Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).== Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 8.</ref>  Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref>ICERD, Article 9.</ref> Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk "pemerhatian kesimpulan".  Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|dead-url=yes|access-date=2008-06-03}}</ref> Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" !Nama !Negara !Tarikh luput penggal|}== Lihat juga ==  * [[Anti-racism|Anti-rasisme]] * [[Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Perisytiharan Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum]] * [[Racial Equality Proposal, 1919|Cadangan Kesamaan Ras, 1919]] * [[World Conference against Racism|Persidangan Dunia menentang Rasisme]] * [[Environmental racism in Europe|Rasisme Persekitaran di Eropah]] * [[Environmental racism|Rasisme Persekitaran]]  == Rujukan == {{reflist|30em}}  {{Kawalan kewibawaan}}  [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Afghanistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Albania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Algeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Andorra]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Antigua dan Barbuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Argentina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Armenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Australia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Austria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Azerbaijan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahamas]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahrain]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bangladesh]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Barbados]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Belarusia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belgium]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belize]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Benin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bolivia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bosnia dan Herzegovina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Botswana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian kediktatoran tentera Brazil]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Bulgaria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burkina Faso]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burundi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Kampuchea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cameroon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kanada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanjung Verde]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Afrika Tengah]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chad]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chile]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat China]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Colombia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Comoros]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zaire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Congo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Costa Rica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Côte d'Ivoire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Croatia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cuba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cyprus]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Czech]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Czechoslovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Denmark]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Djibouti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Dominika]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Timor Leste]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ecuador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mesir]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian El Salvador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea Khatulistiwa]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eritrea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Estonia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Derg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Fiji]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Finland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Perancis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gabon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Georgia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jerman Barat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ghana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Yunani]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Grenada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guatemala]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea-Bissau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Haiti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Takhta Suci]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Honduras]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Hungary]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iceland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian India]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iran Pahlavi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iraq Ba'ath]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ireland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Israel]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Itali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jamaica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jepun]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jordan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kazakhstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kenya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kiribati]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Korea Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kuwait]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kyrgyzstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Laos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Latvia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lubnan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lesotho]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liberia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Libya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liechtenstein]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lithuania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Luxembourg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Makedonia Utara]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Madagaskar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malawi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maldives]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malta]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritius]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mexico]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Moldova]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Monaco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mongolia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maghribi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mozambique]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Namibia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nepal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian New Zealand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nicaragua]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Niger]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nigeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Norway]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Oman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Pakistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Negara Palestin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Panama]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Papua New Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Paraguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Peru]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Filipina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Poland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Qatar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Romania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Rwanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Kitts dan Nevis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Lucia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Vincent dan Kepulauan Grenadine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian San Marino]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Arab Saudi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Senegal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Serbia dan Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Seychelles]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sierra Leone]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kepulauan Solomon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demoratik Somali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Afrika Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kesatuan Soviet]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sepanyol Franco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sri Lanka]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Sudan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Suriname]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eswatini]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian São Tomé dan Príncipe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Singapura]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sweden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Switzerland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Syria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tajikistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanzania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Thailand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Togo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tonga]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Trinidad dan Tobago]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tunisia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turki]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turkmenistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uganda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Emiriah Arab Bersatu]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian United Kingdom]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Amerika Syarikat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uruguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uzbekistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Venezuela]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Vietnam]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Arab Yaman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Yugoslavia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zimbabwe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Faroe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Greenland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Aruba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antillen Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Akrotiri dan Dhekelia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Bermuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Antartik British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Lautan Hindi British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Virgin British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Cayman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Falkland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Gibraltar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Guernsey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Pulau Man]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Jersey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Montserrat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Pitcairn]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Georgia Selatan dan Kepulauan Sandwich Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Tokelau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Hong Kong]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Makau Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Koloni Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antigua dan Barbuda British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Brunei (negeri naungan)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Dominika British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Grenada British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Lucia British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Solomon British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kerajaan Tonga (1900–1970)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Negeri Naungan Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Berlin Barat]]<ref name=ICERT>{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref>|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19>ICERD, Article 19.</ref>|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/>|depositor=[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]]<ref name=art18>ICERD, Article 18.</ref>|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25>ICERD, Article 25.</ref>|footnotes=[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}}
-[[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|[[Bahasa Inggeris|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum:]]{{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}}{{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|'''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim bahasa Inggeris: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah konvensyen (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.]]<ref name="Art2.1">ICERD, Article 2.1</ref> [[Bahasa Inggeris|Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.]]<ref name="Art4">ICERD, Article 4.</ref>
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh Perhimpunan Agung PBB pada 21 Disember 1965,]]<ref name="UNGA2106">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref> [[Bahasa Inggeris|dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.]]<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref>
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴘᴇɴɢɢᴜɴᴀ ɪɴɪ ᴛᴇʟᴀʜ ʙᴇʀsᴀʀᴀ —]]
-}|parties=179<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref>|depositor=[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]]<ref name="art18">ICERD, Article 18.</ref>|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name="art25">ICERD, Article 25.</ref>|footnotes=[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]<nowiki>|wikisource=}}</nowiki>
-[[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|[[Bahasa Inggeris|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum:]]{{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}}{{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|'''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim bahasa Inggeris: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah konvensyen (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.]]<ref name="Art2.1">ICERD, Article 2.1</ref> [[Bahasa Inggeris|Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.]]<ref name="Art4">ICERD, Article 4.</ref>
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh Perhimpunan Agung PBB pada 21 Disember 1965,]]<ref name="UNGA2106">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref> [[Bahasa Inggeris|dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.]]<ref name="UNTC-CERD">{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref>
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —]]
-[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴘᴇɴɢɢᴜɴᴀ ɪɴɪ ᴛᴇʟᴀʜ ʙᴇʀsᴀʀᴀ —]]
-<references group="[[Bahasa Inggeris|—| ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ |—|Bahasa Inggeris|—Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor™ 870604295559®|—]] [[#— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —#]]{{[[Bahasa Inggeris|—| ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ |—|Bahasa Inggeris|—Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor™ 870604295559®|—|Infobox Treaty|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|name=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;= Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 8.</ref&gt; Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 9.</ref&gt; Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk &quot;pemerhatian kesimpulan&quot;. Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|dead-url=yes|access-date=2008-06-03}}</ref&gt; Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref&gt; {[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —]] [[Bahasa Inggeris|Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor™ 870604295559®]] [[#— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —#]]{{Infobox Treaty|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Setiausaha Agung PBB] {{{{File:CSV}}}{{{Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB}}}{{{Infobox Treaty|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination<ref name=ICERT&gt;{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref&gt;|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19&gt;ICERD, Article 19.</ref&gt;|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|depositor=[File:[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]][file:<ref name=art18&gt;ICERD, Article 18</ref&gt;]  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)       Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik &quot;Negaraku&quot; English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp [[national anthem|&quot;Negaraku&quot; (pronounced [nəgaraku]]][nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;. History Competition and invited composers At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable. Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a &quot;curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job&quot;), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed &quot;Majulah Singapura&quot;, the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down. Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's &quot;La Rosalie&quot; as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the &quot;traditional flavour&quot; of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;, also the melody of a popular song called &quot;Terang Bulan&quot;. The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts. 1992 rearrangement The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music. 2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning &quot;My Malaysia&quot;). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris. Lyrics Malay original Jawi script (unofficial) IPA transcription English translation Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju 𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇 نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو! 𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎ [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu] 𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇 My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive! 𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇 Etiquette Individual conduct Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month. Other songs with same melody Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem: 1930s &quot;Mamula Moon&quot; was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat. 1940s &quot;I Shall Return&quot; was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca. 1950s The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is &quot;Planting Rice&quot;, loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney. See also   Malaysia portal Music portal &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot; &quot;Terang Bulan&quot; Notes References &quot;Unity and progress are anthem themes&quot;. The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957. Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). &quot;Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem&quot;. BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016. The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010 Durup, Julien. &quot;The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles&quot;. Retrieved 16 December 2022. Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). &quot;Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?&quot;. Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022. &quot;More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku&quot;. New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link] Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). &quot;New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot;. BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015. &quot;Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022. &quot;Lirik Lagu Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022. s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022 I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022 &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022 Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., &quot;History of 28 national anthems&quot;. BBC, &quot;New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot; Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube [[{{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}]]]|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25&gt;ICERD, Article 25.</ref&gt;|footnotes=[file:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}} [[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum: {{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}} {{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]] '''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim [[bahasa Inggeris]]: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah [[Perjanjian|konvensyen]] (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.<ref name=&quot;Art2.1&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 2.1</ref&gt; Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.<ref name=&quot;Art4&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 4.</ref&gt; Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini. Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh [[Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Perhimpunan Agung PBB]] pada 21 Disember 1965,<ref name=&quot;UNGA2106&quot;&gt;United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref&gt; dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.<ref name=&quot;UNTC-CERD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}<nowiki&gt;[file:  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)       Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik &quot;Negaraku&quot; English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit </nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp </nowiki&gt;[[National anthem|&quot;Negaraku&quot; (pronounced [nəgaraku]]]<nowiki&gt;[nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;. History Competition and invited composers At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable. Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a &quot;curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job&quot;), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed &quot;Majulah Singapura&quot;, the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down. Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's &quot;La Rosalie&quot; as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the &quot;traditional flavour&quot; of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;, also the melody of a popular song called &quot;Terang Bulan&quot;. The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts. 1992 rearrangement The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music. 2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning &quot;My Malaysia&quot;). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris. Lyrics Malay original Jawi script (unofficial) IPA transcription English translation Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju 𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇 نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو! 𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎ [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu] 𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇 My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive! 𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇 Etiquette Individual conduct Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month. Other songs with same melody Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem: 1930s &quot;Mamula Moon&quot; was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat. 1940s &quot;I Shall Return&quot; was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca. 1950s The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is &quot;Planting Rice&quot;, loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney. See also   Malaysia portal Music portal &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot; &quot;Terang Bulan&quot; Notes References &quot;Unity and progress are anthem themes&quot;. The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957. Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). &quot;Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem&quot;. BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016. The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010 Durup, Julien. &quot;The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles&quot;. Retrieved 16 December 2022. Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). &quot;Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?&quot;. Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022. &quot;More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku&quot;. New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link] Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). &quot;New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot;. BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015. &quot;Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022. &quot;Lirik Lagu Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022. s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022 I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022 &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022 Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., &quot;History of 28 national anthems&quot;. BBC, &quot;New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot; Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube [[{{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} {{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA}}]]</nowiki&gt;</ref&gt; Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).== Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 8.</ref&gt; Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 9.</ref&gt; Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk &quot;pemerhatian kesimpulan&quot;. Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|dead-url=yes|access-date=2008-06-03}}</ref&gt; Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref&gt; {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot; !Nama !Negara !Tarikh luput penggal|}== Lihat juga == * [[Anti-racism|Anti-rasisme]] * [[Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Perisytiharan Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum]] * [[Racial Equality Proposal, 1919|Cadangan Kesamaan Ras, 1919]] * [[World Conference against Racism|Persidangan Dunia menentang Rasisme]] * [[Environmental racism in Europe|Rasisme Persekitaran di Eropah]] * [[Environmental racism|Rasisme Persekitaran]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|30em}} {{Kawalan kewibawaan}} [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Afghanistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Albania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Algeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Andorra]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Antigua dan Barbuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Argentina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Armenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Australia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Austria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Azerbaijan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahamas]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahrain]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bangladesh]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Barbados]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Belarusia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belgium]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belize]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian 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[[Kategori:Perjanjian Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iran Pahlavi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iraq Ba'ath]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ireland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Israel]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Itali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jamaica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jepun]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jordan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kazakhstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kenya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kiribati]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Korea Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kuwait]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kyrgyzstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Laos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Latvia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lubnan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lesotho]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liberia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Libya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liechtenstein]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lithuania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Luxembourg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Makedonia Utara]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Madagaskar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malawi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maldives]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian 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[[Kategori:Perjanjian Syria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tajikistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanzania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Thailand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Togo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tonga]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Trinidad dan Tobago]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tunisia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turki]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turkmenistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uganda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Emiriah Arab Bersatu]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian United Kingdom]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Amerika Syarikat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uruguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uzbekistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Venezuela]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Vietnam]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Arab Yaman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Yugoslavia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zimbabwe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Faroe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Greenland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Aruba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antillen Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Akrotiri dan Dhekelia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Bermuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Antartik British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Lautan Hindi British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Virgin British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Cayman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Falkland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Gibraltar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Guernsey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Pulau Man]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Jersey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Montserrat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Pitcairn]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Georgia Selatan dan Kepulauan Sandwich Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Tokelau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Hong Kong]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Makau Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Koloni Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antigua dan Barbuda British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Brunei (negeri naungan)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Dominika British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Grenada British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Lucia British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Solomon British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kerajaan Tonga (1900–1970)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Negeri Naungan Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Berlin Barat]]<ref name=ICERT&gt;{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref&gt;|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19&gt;ICERD, Article 19.</ref&gt;|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|depositor=[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]]<ref name=art18&gt;ICERD, Article 18.</ref&gt;|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25&gt;ICERD, Article 25.</ref&gt;|footnotes=[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}} [[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|[[Bahasa Inggeris|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum:]]{{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}}{{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]] [[Bahasa Inggeris|'''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim bahasa Inggeris: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah konvensyen (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.]]<ref name=&quot;Art2.1&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 2.1</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.]]<ref name=&quot;Art4&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 4.</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.]] [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh Perhimpunan Agung PBB pada 21 Disember 1965,]]<ref name=&quot;UNGA2106&quot;&gt;United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.]]<ref name=&quot;UNTC-CERD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).]]<div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;usermessage&quot;&gt;[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —<br&gt;<br&gt;— ᴘᴇɴɢɢᴜɴᴀ ɪɴɪ ᴛᴇʟᴀʜ ʙᴇʀsᴀʀᴀ —]]<span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;</div&gt;}|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Setiausaha Agung PBB] {{{{File:CSV}}}{{{Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB}}}{{{Infobox Treaty|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination<ref name=ICERT&gt;{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref&gt;|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19&gt;ICERD, Article 19.</ref&gt;|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|depositor=[File:[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]][file:<ref name=art18&gt;ICERD, Article 18</ref&gt;]  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)       Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik &quot;Negaraku&quot; English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp [[national anthem|&quot;Negaraku&quot; (pronounced [nəgaraku]]][nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;. History Competition and invited composers At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable. Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a &quot;curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job&quot;), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed &quot;Majulah Singapura&quot;, the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down. Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's &quot;La Rosalie&quot; as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the &quot;traditional flavour&quot; of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;, also the melody of a popular song called &quot;Terang Bulan&quot;. The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts. 1992 rearrangement The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music. 2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning &quot;My Malaysia&quot;). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris. Lyrics Malay original Jawi script (unofficial) IPA transcription English translation Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju 𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇 نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو! 𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎ [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu] 𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇 My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive! 𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇 Etiquette Individual conduct Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month. Other songs with same melody Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem: 1930s &quot;Mamula Moon&quot; was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat. 1940s &quot;I Shall Return&quot; was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca. 1950s The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is &quot;Planting Rice&quot;, loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney. See also   Malaysia portal Music portal &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot; &quot;Terang Bulan&quot; Notes References &quot;Unity and progress are anthem themes&quot;. The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957. Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). &quot;Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem&quot;. BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016. The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010 Durup, Julien. &quot;The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles&quot;. Retrieved 16 December 2022. Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). &quot;Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?&quot;. Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022. &quot;More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku&quot;. New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link] Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). &quot;New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot;. BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015. &quot;Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022. &quot;Lirik Lagu Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022. s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022 I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022 &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022 Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., &quot;History of 28 national anthems&quot;. BBC, &quot;New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot; Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube [[{{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}]]]|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25&gt;ICERD, Article 25.</ref&gt;|footnotes=[file:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}} [[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum: {{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}} {{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]] '''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim [[bahasa Inggeris]]: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah [[Perjanjian|konvensyen]] (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.<ref name=&quot;Art2.1&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 2.1</ref&gt; Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.<ref name=&quot;Art4&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 4.</ref&gt; Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini. Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh [[Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Perhimpunan Agung PBB]] pada 21 Disember 1965,<ref name=&quot;UNGA2106&quot;&gt;United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref&gt; dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.<ref name=&quot;UNTC-CERD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}<nowiki&gt;[file:  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)       Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik &quot;Negaraku&quot; English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit </nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp </nowiki&gt;[[National anthem|&quot;Negaraku&quot; (pronounced [nəgaraku]]]<nowiki&gt;[nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;. History Competition and invited composers At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable. Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a &quot;curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job&quot;), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed &quot;Majulah Singapura&quot;, the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down. Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's &quot;La Rosalie&quot; as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the &quot;traditional flavour&quot; of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;, also the melody of a popular song called &quot;Terang Bulan&quot;. The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts. 1992 rearrangement The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music. 2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning &quot;My Malaysia&quot;). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris. Lyrics Malay original Jawi script (unofficial) IPA transcription English translation Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju 𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇 نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو! 𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎ [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu] 𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇 My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive! 𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇 Etiquette Individual conduct Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month. Other songs with same melody Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem: 1930s &quot;Mamula Moon&quot; was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat. 1940s &quot;I Shall Return&quot; was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca. 1950s The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is &quot;Planting Rice&quot;, loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney. See also   Malaysia portal Music portal &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot; &quot;Terang Bulan&quot; Notes References &quot;Unity and progress are anthem themes&quot;. The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957. Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). &quot;Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem&quot;. BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016. The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010 Durup, Julien. &quot;The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles&quot;. Retrieved 16 December 2022. Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). &quot;Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?&quot;. Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022. &quot;More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku&quot;. New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link] Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). &quot;New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot;. BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015. &quot;Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022. &quot;Lirik Lagu Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022. s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022 I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022 &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022 Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., &quot;History of 28 national anthems&quot;. BBC, &quot;New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot; Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube [[{{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} {{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA}}]]</nowiki&gt;</ref&gt; Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).== Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 8.</ref&gt; Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 9.</ref&gt; Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk &quot;pemerhatian kesimpulan&quot;. Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|dead-url=yes|access-date=2008-06-03}}</ref&gt; Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref&gt; {[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —]] [[Bahasa Inggeris|Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor™ 870604295559®]] [[#— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —#]]{{Infobox Treaty|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Setiausaha Agung PBB] {{{{File:CSV}}}{{{Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB}}}{{{Infobox Treaty|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination<ref name=ICERT&gt;{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref&gt;|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19&gt;ICERD, Article 19.</ref&gt;|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|depositor=[File:[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]][file:<ref name=art18&gt;ICERD, Article 18</ref&gt;]  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)       Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik &quot;Negaraku&quot; English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp [[national anthem|&quot;Negaraku&quot; (pronounced [nəgaraku]]][nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;. History Competition and invited composers At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable. Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a &quot;curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job&quot;), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed &quot;Majulah Singapura&quot;, the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down. Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's &quot;La Rosalie&quot; as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the &quot;traditional flavour&quot; of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;, also the melody of a popular song called &quot;Terang Bulan&quot;. The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts. 1992 rearrangement The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music. 2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning &quot;My Malaysia&quot;). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris. Lyrics Malay original Jawi script (unofficial) IPA transcription English translation Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju 𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇 نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو! 𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎ [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu] 𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇 My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive! 𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇 Etiquette Individual conduct Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month. Other songs with same melody Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem: 1930s &quot;Mamula Moon&quot; was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat. 1940s &quot;I Shall Return&quot; was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca. 1950s The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is &quot;Planting Rice&quot;, loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney. See also   Malaysia portal Music portal &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot; &quot;Terang Bulan&quot; Notes References &quot;Unity and progress are anthem themes&quot;. The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957. Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). &quot;Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem&quot;. BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016. The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010 Durup, Julien. &quot;The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles&quot;. Retrieved 16 December 2022. Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). &quot;Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?&quot;. Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022. &quot;More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku&quot;. New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link] Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). &quot;New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot;. BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015. &quot;Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022. &quot;Lirik Lagu Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022. s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022 I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022 &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022 Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., &quot;History of 28 national anthems&quot;. BBC, &quot;New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot; Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube [[{{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}]]]|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25&gt;ICERD, Article 25.</ref&gt;|footnotes=[file:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}} [[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum: {{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}} {{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]] '''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim [[bahasa Inggeris]]: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah [[Perjanjian|konvensyen]] (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.<ref name=&quot;Art2.1&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 2.1</ref&gt; Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.<ref name=&quot;Art4&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 4.</ref&gt; Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini. Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh [[Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Perhimpunan Agung PBB]] pada 21 Disember 1965,<ref name=&quot;UNGA2106&quot;&gt;United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref&gt; dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.<ref name=&quot;UNTC-CERD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}<nowiki&gt;[file:  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)       Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik &quot;Negaraku&quot; English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit </nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp </nowiki&gt;[[National anthem|&quot;Negaraku&quot; (pronounced [nəgaraku]]]<nowiki&gt;[nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;. History Competition and invited composers At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable. Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a &quot;curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job&quot;), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed &quot;Majulah Singapura&quot;, the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down. Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's &quot;La Rosalie&quot; as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the &quot;traditional flavour&quot; of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;, also the melody of a popular song called &quot;Terang Bulan&quot;. The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts. 1992 rearrangement The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music. 2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning &quot;My Malaysia&quot;). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris. Lyrics Malay original Jawi script (unofficial) IPA transcription English translation Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju 𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇 نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو! 𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎ [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu] 𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇 My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive! 𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇 Etiquette Individual conduct Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month. Other songs with same melody Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem: 1930s &quot;Mamula Moon&quot; was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat. 1940s &quot;I Shall Return&quot; was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca. 1950s The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is &quot;Planting Rice&quot;, loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney. See also   Malaysia portal Music portal &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot; &quot;Terang Bulan&quot; Notes References &quot;Unity and progress are anthem themes&quot;. The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957. Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). &quot;Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem&quot;. BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016. The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010 Durup, Julien. &quot;The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles&quot;. Retrieved 16 December 2022. Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). &quot;Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?&quot;. Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022. &quot;More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku&quot;. New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link] Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). &quot;New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot;. BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015. &quot;Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022. &quot;Lirik Lagu Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022. s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022 I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022 &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022 Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., &quot;History of 28 national anthems&quot;. BBC, &quot;New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot; Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube [[{{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} {{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA}}]]</nowiki&gt;</ref&gt; Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).== Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 8.</ref&gt; Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 9.</ref&gt; Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk &quot;pemerhatian kesimpulan&quot;. Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|dead-url=yes|access-date=2008-06-03}}</ref&gt; Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref&gt; {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot; !Nama !Negara !Tarikh luput penggal|}== Lihat juga == * [[Anti-racism|Anti-rasisme]] * [[Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Perisytiharan Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum]] * [[Racial Equality Proposal, 1919|Cadangan Kesamaan Ras, 1919]] * [[World Conference against Racism|Persidangan Dunia menentang Rasisme]] * [[Environmental racism in Europe|Rasisme Persekitaran di Eropah]] * [[Environmental racism|Rasisme Persekitaran]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|30em}} {{Kawalan kewibawaan}} [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Afghanistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Albania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Algeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Andorra]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Antigua dan Barbuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Argentina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Armenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Australia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Austria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Azerbaijan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahamas]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahrain]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bangladesh]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Barbados]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Belarusia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belgium]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belize]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Benin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bolivia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bosnia dan Herzegovina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Botswana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian kediktatoran tentera Brazil]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Bulgaria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burkina Faso]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burundi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Kampuchea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cameroon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kanada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanjung Verde]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Afrika Tengah]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chad]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chile]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat China]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Colombia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Comoros]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zaire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Congo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Costa Rica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Côte d'Ivoire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Croatia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cuba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cyprus]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Czech]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Czechoslovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Denmark]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Djibouti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Dominika]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Timor Leste]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ecuador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mesir]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian El Salvador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea Khatulistiwa]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eritrea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Estonia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Derg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Fiji]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Finland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Perancis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gabon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Georgia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jerman Barat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ghana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Yunani]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Grenada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guatemala]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea-Bissau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Haiti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Takhta Suci]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Honduras]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Hungary]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iceland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian India]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iran Pahlavi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iraq Ba'ath]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ireland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Israel]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Itali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jamaica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jepun]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jordan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kazakhstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kenya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kiribati]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Korea Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kuwait]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kyrgyzstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Laos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Latvia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lubnan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lesotho]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liberia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Libya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liechtenstein]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lithuania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Luxembourg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Makedonia Utara]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Madagaskar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malawi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maldives]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malta]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritius]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mexico]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Moldova]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Monaco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mongolia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maghribi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mozambique]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Namibia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nepal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian New Zealand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nicaragua]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Niger]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nigeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Norway]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Oman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Pakistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Negara Palestin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Panama]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Papua New Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Paraguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Peru]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Filipina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Poland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Qatar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Romania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Rwanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Kitts dan Nevis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Lucia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Vincent dan Kepulauan Grenadine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian San Marino]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Arab Saudi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Senegal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Serbia dan Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Seychelles]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sierra Leone]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kepulauan Solomon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demoratik Somali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Afrika Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kesatuan Soviet]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sepanyol Franco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sri Lanka]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Sudan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Suriname]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eswatini]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian São Tomé dan Príncipe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Singapura]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sweden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Switzerland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Syria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tajikistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanzania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Thailand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Togo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tonga]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Trinidad dan Tobago]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tunisia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turki]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turkmenistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uganda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Emiriah Arab Bersatu]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian United Kingdom]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Amerika Syarikat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uruguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uzbekistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Venezuela]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Vietnam]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Arab Yaman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Yugoslavia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zimbabwe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Faroe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Greenland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Aruba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antillen Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Akrotiri dan Dhekelia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Bermuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Antartik British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Lautan Hindi British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Virgin British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Cayman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Falkland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Gibraltar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Guernsey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Pulau Man]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Jersey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Montserrat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Pitcairn]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Georgia Selatan dan Kepulauan Sandwich Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Tokelau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Hong Kong]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Makau Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Koloni Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antigua dan Barbuda British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Brunei (negeri naungan)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Dominika British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Grenada British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Lucia British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Solomon British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kerajaan Tonga (1900–1970)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Negeri Naungan Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Berlin Barat]]<ref name=ICERT&gt;{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref&gt;|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19&gt;ICERD, Article 19.</ref&gt;|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|depositor=[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]]<ref name=art18&gt;ICERD, Article 18.</ref&gt;|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25&gt;ICERD, Article 25.</ref&gt;|footnotes=[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}} [[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|[[Bahasa Inggeris|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum:]]{{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}}{{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]] [[Bahasa Inggeris|'''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim bahasa Inggeris: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah konvensyen (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.]]<ref name=&quot;Art2.1&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 2.1</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.]]<ref name=&quot;Art4&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 4.</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.]] [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh Perhimpunan Agung PBB pada 21 Disember 1965,]]<ref name=&quot;UNGA2106&quot;&gt;United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.]]<ref name=&quot;UNTC-CERD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).]]<div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;usermessage&quot;&gt;[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —<br&gt;<br&gt;— ᴘᴇɴɢɢᴜɴᴀ ɪɴɪ ᴛᴇʟᴀʜ ʙᴇʀsᴀʀᴀ —]]<span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;</div&gt;}|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot; !Nama !Negara !Tarikh luput penggal|}== Lihat juga == * [[Anti-racism|Anti-rasisme]] * [[Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Perisytiharan Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum]] * [[Racial Equality Proposal, 1919|Cadangan Kesamaan Ras, 1919]] * [[World Conference against Racism|Persidangan Dunia menentang Rasisme]] * [[Environmental racism in Europe|Rasisme Persekitaran di Eropah]] * [[Environmental racism|Rasisme Persekitaran]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|30em}} {{Kawalan kewibawaan}} [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Afghanistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Albania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Algeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Andorra]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Antigua dan Barbuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Argentina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Armenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Australia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Austria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Azerbaijan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahamas]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahrain]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bangladesh]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Barbados]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Belarusia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belgium]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belize]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Benin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bolivia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bosnia dan Herzegovina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Botswana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian kediktatoran tentera Brazil]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Bulgaria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burkina Faso]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burundi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Kampuchea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cameroon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kanada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanjung Verde]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Afrika Tengah]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chad]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chile]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat China]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Colombia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Comoros]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zaire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Congo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Costa Rica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Côte d'Ivoire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Croatia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cuba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cyprus]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Czech]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Czechoslovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Denmark]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Djibouti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Dominika]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Timor Leste]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ecuador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mesir]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian El Salvador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea Khatulistiwa]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eritrea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Estonia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Derg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Fiji]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Finland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Perancis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gabon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Georgia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jerman Barat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ghana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Yunani]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Grenada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guatemala]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea-Bissau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Haiti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Takhta Suci]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Honduras]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Hungary]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iceland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian India]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iran Pahlavi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iraq Ba'ath]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ireland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Israel]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Itali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jamaica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jepun]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jordan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kazakhstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kenya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kiribati]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Korea Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kuwait]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kyrgyzstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Laos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Latvia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lubnan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lesotho]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liberia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Libya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liechtenstein]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lithuania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Luxembourg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Makedonia Utara]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Madagaskar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malawi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maldives]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malta]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritius]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mexico]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Moldova]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Monaco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mongolia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maghribi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mozambique]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Namibia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nepal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian New Zealand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nicaragua]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Niger]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nigeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Norway]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Oman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Pakistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Negara Palestin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Panama]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Papua New Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Paraguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Peru]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Filipina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Poland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Qatar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Romania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Rwanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Kitts dan Nevis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Lucia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Vincent dan Kepulauan Grenadine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian San Marino]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Arab Saudi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Senegal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Serbia dan Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Seychelles]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sierra Leone]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kepulauan Solomon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demoratik Somali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Afrika Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kesatuan Soviet]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sepanyol Franco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sri Lanka]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Sudan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Suriname]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eswatini]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian São Tomé dan Príncipe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Singapura]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sweden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Switzerland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Syria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tajikistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanzania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Thailand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Togo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tonga]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Trinidad dan Tobago]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tunisia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turki]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turkmenistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uganda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Emiriah Arab Bersatu]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian United Kingdom]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Amerika Syarikat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uruguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uzbekistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Venezuela]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Vietnam]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Arab Yaman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Yugoslavia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zimbabwe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Faroe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Greenland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Aruba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antillen Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Akrotiri dan Dhekelia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Bermuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Antartik British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Lautan Hindi British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Virgin British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Cayman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Falkland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Gibraltar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Guernsey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Pulau Man]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Jersey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Montserrat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Pitcairn]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Georgia Selatan dan Kepulauan Sandwich Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Tokelau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Hong Kong]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Makau Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Koloni Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antigua dan Barbuda British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Brunei (negeri naungan)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Dominika British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Grenada British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Lucia British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Solomon British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kerajaan Tonga (1900–1970)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Negeri Naungan Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Berlin Barat]]<ref name=ICERT&gt;{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref&gt;|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19&gt;ICERD, Article 19.</ref&gt;|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;= Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 8.</ref&gt; Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 9.</ref&gt; Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk &quot;pemerhatian kesimpulan&quot;. Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|dead-url=yes|access-date=2008-06-03}}</ref&gt; Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref&gt; {[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —]] [[Bahasa Inggeris|Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor™ 870604295559®]] [[#— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —#]]{{Infobox Treaty|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|-|Silvio José Albuquerque e Silva|{{Bendera|Brazil}}|2022|-|Noureddine Amir (pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Algeria}}|2022|-|Alexei S. Avtonomov|{{Bendera|Rusia}}|2020|-|Marc Bossuyt|{{Bendera|Belgium}}|2022|-|Jose Francisco Cali Tzay|{{Bendera|Guatemala}}|2020|-|Chung Chinsung|{{Bendera|Korea Selatan}}|2022|-|Fatimata-Binta Victoire Dah|{{Bendera|Burkina Faso}}|2020|-|Bakari Sidiki Diaby|{{Bendera|Côte d'Ivoire}}|2022|-|Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (pelapor)|{{Bendera|Hungary}}|2022|-|Keiko Kō|{{Bendera|Jepun}}|2022|-|Gün Kut|{{Bendera|Turki}}|2022|-|Li Yanduan (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|China}}|2020|-|Nicolás Marugán|{{Bendera|Sepanyol}}|2020|-|Gay McDougall (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Amerika Syarikat}}|2020|-|Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed|{{Bendera|Mauritania}}|2020|-|Pastor Elias Murillo Martinez (naib pengerusi)|{{Bendera|Colombia}}|2020|-|Verene Albertha Shepherd|{{Bendera|Jamaica}}|2020|-|Yeung Kam John Yeung Sik Yuen|{{Bendera|Mauritius}}|2022|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Setiausaha Agung PBB] {{{{File:CSV}}}{{{Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB}}}{{{Infobox Treaty|name=ICERD|long_name=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination<ref name=ICERT&gt;{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref&gt;|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19&gt;ICERD, Article 19.</ref&gt;|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|depositor=[File:[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]][file:<ref name=art18&gt;ICERD, Article 18</ref&gt;]  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)       Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik &quot;Negaraku&quot; English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp [[national anthem|&quot;Negaraku&quot; (pronounced [nəgaraku]]][nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;. History Competition and invited composers At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable. Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a &quot;curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job&quot;), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed &quot;Majulah Singapura&quot;, the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down. Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's &quot;La Rosalie&quot; as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the &quot;traditional flavour&quot; of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;, also the melody of a popular song called &quot;Terang Bulan&quot;. The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts. 1992 rearrangement The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music. 2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning &quot;My Malaysia&quot;). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris. Lyrics Malay original Jawi script (unofficial) IPA transcription English translation Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju 𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇 نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو! 𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎ [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu] 𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇 My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive! 𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇 Etiquette Individual conduct Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month. Other songs with same melody Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem: 1930s &quot;Mamula Moon&quot; was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat. 1940s &quot;I Shall Return&quot; was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca. 1950s The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is &quot;Planting Rice&quot;, loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney. See also   Malaysia portal Music portal &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot; &quot;Terang Bulan&quot; Notes References &quot;Unity and progress are anthem themes&quot;. The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957. Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). &quot;Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem&quot;. BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016. The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010 Durup, Julien. &quot;The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles&quot;. Retrieved 16 December 2022. Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). &quot;Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?&quot;. Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022. &quot;More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku&quot;. New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link] Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). &quot;New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot;. BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015. &quot;Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022. &quot;Lirik Lagu Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022. s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022 I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022 &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022 Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., &quot;History of 28 national anthems&quot;. BBC, &quot;New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot; Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube [[{{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} {{https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}]]]|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25&gt;ICERD, Article 25.</ref&gt;|footnotes=[file:http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}} [[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum: {{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}} {{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}} {{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]] '''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim [[bahasa Inggeris]]: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah [[Perjanjian|konvensyen]] (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.<ref name=&quot;Art2.1&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 2.1</ref&gt; Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.<ref name=&quot;Art4&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 4.</ref&gt; Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini. Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh [[Perhimpunan Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Perhimpunan Agung PBB]] pada 21 Disember 1965,<ref name=&quot;UNGA2106&quot;&gt;United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref&gt; dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.<ref name=&quot;UNTC-CERD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}<nowiki&gt;[file:  This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022)       Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik &quot;Negaraku&quot; English: My Country National anthem of MalaysiaBritainThailandAseanEurope Lyrics Collectively (original author: {{Ahmad Mulkliff Mohd Nor @ Sultan Ahmed Al-Malik=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit </nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}}, 1954 Music , 1987-1999 Adopted 1957; 66 years ago Relinquished 1987; 36 years ago Audio sample {{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} filehelp </nowiki&gt;[[National anthem|&quot;Negaraku&quot; (pronounced [nəgaraku]]]<nowiki&gt;[nəgaraku]) is the national anthem of Malaysia. It was adopted as the national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. The tune was originally used as the regional anthem of the state of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;. History Competition and invited composers At the time of independence, each of the eleven states that made up the Federation of Malaya had their own regional anthem, but there was no national anthem for the Federation as a whole. Tunku Abdul Rahman, at the time the Chief Minister and Minister for Home Affairs, organised and presided over a committee for the purpose of choosing a suitable national anthem. At his suggestion, a worldwide competition was launched. 514 entries were received, but none were deemed suitable. Next, the committee decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit compositions for consideration. The composers chosen were Benjamin Britten (who later described his submission to be a &quot;curious and I'm afraid rather unsuccessful job&quot;), Sir William Walton, who had recently composed the march for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, and the U.S. opera composer Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed &quot;Majulah Singapura&quot;, the national anthem of Singapore. Their works were also turned down. Use of Perak State Anthem melody Sultan Abdullah of Perak, who adopted De Béranger's &quot;La Rosalie&quot; as the Perak Royal Anthem during his exile in the Seychelles for abetting murder Tunku Abdul Rahman then suggested that the state anthem of Perak be used as a basis for the new national anthem, the committee agreed to his suggestion. On 5 August 1957, the Committee chose the Perak State Anthem, citing the &quot;traditional flavour&quot; of its melody. New lyrics for the national anthem were written jointly by the Panel of Judges, led by the Tunku himself. At the time this melody was, while still the State Anthem of Perak, &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot;, also the melody of a popular song called &quot;Terang Bulan&quot;. The song had been very popular on Mahé, the largest island in the Seychelles, where the Sultan of Perak had formerly been living in exile. When Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, who ruled Perak from 1887 to 1916, represented the Rulers of the Federated Malay States at the Coronation of King Edward VII in 1901, his protocol officer was asked what his state anthem was. Realising that his state did not have one, he proceeded to hum the aforementioned tune so as not to appear backward in front of his hosts. 1992 rearrangement The anthem was given a new, faster march beat in 1992, which proved unpopular and was the subject of much derision, with some Malaysians commenting that the altered tempo resembled circus music. 2003 rearrangement and proposed renaming In July 2003, it was reported in the Malaysian press that the anthem would be rearranged for the second time and the title and incipit would be changed from Negaraku to Malaysiaku (meaning &quot;My Malaysia&quot;). There was a public outcry of dismay and the move was scrapped, but the anthem was re-arranged and returned to the pre-1992 time signature by composer Wah Idris. Lyrics Malay original Jawi script (unofficial) IPA transcription English translation Negaraku Tanah tumpahnya darahku Rakyat hidup Bersatu dan maju 𝄆 Rahmat bahagia Tuhan kurniakan Raja kita Selamat bertakhta 𝄇 نڬاراكو، تانه تومڤهڽ دارهكو، رعيت هيدوڤ، برساتو دان ماجو! 𝄇 رحمة بهاݢيا، توهن كورنياكن، راج کيت، سلامت برتختا! 𝄆‎ [nə.ga.ra.ku] [ta.nah tum.pah.ɲa da.rah.ku] [rak̚.jat̚ hi.dup] [bər.sa.tu dan ma.d͡ʒu] 𝄆 [rah.mat̚ ba.ha.gja] [tu.han kur.ni.a.kan] [ra.d͡ʒa ki.ta] [sə.la.mat̚ bər.tax.ta] 𝄇 My motherland, The land where my blood spills, The people live, United and progressive! 𝄆 With God's blessings of grace and happiness, May our King, be safely enthroned! 𝄇 Etiquette Individual conduct Failure to comply with Section 8 (1) of the National Anthem Act 1968 without good and sufficient cause, and any act or omission which lowers the Anthem's prestige in the eyes of the public is legally construed as a show of disrespect. Any person who knowingly shows disrespect towards the Anthem in any public place shall be liable to a fine not exceeding MYR100 or a prison term not exceeding one month. Other songs with same melody Three gramophone record versions have been released in the following titles bearing the similar tune of the Malaysian anthem: 1930s &quot;Mamula Moon&quot; was pressed on Parlophone Records in the 1930s, performed by British Band Legend, Geraldo and His Orchestra, with vocals by Danny Vaughn. This love song was performed using jazz instruments on a foxtrot dance beat. 1940s &quot;I Shall Return&quot; was recorded by Anne Shelton in the late 1940s, by Pickwick Music Ltd, published on Decca. 1950s The song was also recorded by the Sydney Latin band leader Paul Lombard (also known as Paul Lombard and His Orchestra), as &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; in 1952 with lyrics sung by Joan Wilton (in English) and Geoff Brooke (in Malay), released by Columbia Records in Sydney as D0-3460. The significance of this piece of recording, which is only playable on gramophones running at 78 rpm speed, is that the background music is conducted so similarly to the Malayan style of music background, setting the originality and authentic Malayan atmosphere to the tune. The song was performed by non-natives (Australians) singing in both English and Malay. The lyrics present a love story setting between the two lovers. The B-side of the record is &quot;Planting Rice&quot;, loosely based on the Filipino folk song Magtanim Ay 'Di Biro, also performed by Paul Lombard accompanied by a vocal chorus by Joan Wilton. This piece of music was copyrighted by Southern Music Co. of Sydney. See also   Malaysia portal Music portal &quot;Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan&quot; &quot;Terang Bulan&quot; Notes References &quot;Unity and progress are anthem themes&quot;. The Sunday Times. 25 August 1957. Marshall, Alex (2 October 2015). &quot;Benjamin Britten's 'lost' Malaysian anthem&quot;. BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 8 April 2016. The National Anthem Of Malaysia - Negaraku, archived from the original on 11 January 2010 Durup, Julien. &quot;The Innocent Sultan of Perak in the Seychelles&quot;. Retrieved 16 December 2022. Negara, Pelita (1 August 2003). &quot;Will 'Negaraku' be stripped of all remaining dignity?&quot;. Malaysiakini. Retrieved 23 February 2022. &quot;More people are against changing Negaraku to Malaysiaku&quot;. New Straits Times. 17 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2015.[dead link] Kent, Jonathan (31 August 2003). &quot;New anthem marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot;. BBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2015. &quot;Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 February 2022. &quot;Lirik Lagu Negaraku&quot; (PDF). Official Portal of the Petaling Jaya City Council. Retrieved 4 February 2022. s 3 National Anthem Act 1968 Archived 11 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Mamula Moon - Geraldo & His Orchestra 78 rpm LP, retrieved 3 April 2022 I Shall Return, retrieved 3 April 2022 &quot;Malayan Moon&quot; (1951) - Paul Lombard & His Orchestra, retrieved 3 April 2022 Other M. J. Bristow, F.R.G.S., &quot;History of 28 national anthems&quot;. BBC, &quot;New Anthem Marks Malaysia's Independence Day&quot; Negaraku was a rip off from Mamula Moon? (Cached archive link) External links   External audio [File:TahlilFatihahQulhuSurahFalaqNasQursiYasin Muhamma V dari Kelantan AhmadMulkliffOksana Voevodina.opus] Download in Unit Protokol & Penyelidikan, Bahagian Istiadat & Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa Listen in Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia: Negaraku - Audio of the national anthem of Malaysia, with information and lyrics (archive link) Negaraku with English lyrics translation on YouTube Instrumental version with Malay lyrics on YouTube [[{{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.}} {{</nowiki&gt;https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118=This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://linkedopendata.eu/wiki/Item:Q2645118= http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/<nowiki&gt; or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA}}]]</nowiki&gt;</ref&gt; Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).== Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum == '''Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ialah sebuah badan pakar hak asasi manusia yang ditugaskan untuk memantau pelaksanaan Konvensyen. Ia terdiri daripada 18 orang pakar hak asasi manusia bebas, dipilih selama empat tahun, dengan separuh daripada anggota tersebut dipilih semula setiap dua tahun. Anggota dipilih dengan sebuah undian rahsia, dan setiap anggota dibenarkan untuk mencalonkan salah seorang warganya kepada Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 8.</ref&gt; Semua anggota dikehendaki untuk mengemukakan laporan berkala kepada Jawatankuasa yang menggariskan tindakan legislatif, kehakiman, polisi dan langkah-langkah lain yang telah diambil untuk menguatkuasakan Konvensyen tersebut. Laporan pertama perlu diberi dalam tempoh satu tahun setelah Konvensyen itu berkuat kuasa dalam negara itu; selepas itu, laporan perlu diberi dalam tempoh setiap dua tahun atau apabila diminta oleh Jawatankuasa.<ref&gt;ICERD, Article 9.</ref&gt; Jawatankuasa memeriksa setiap laporan dan mengemukakan apa-apa kebimbangan dan cadangannya kepada negara itu dalam bentuk &quot;pemerhatian kesimpulan&quot;. Jawatankuasa biasanya bersidang setiap bulan Mac dan Ogos di [[Geneva]].<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Sessions|publisher=UN OHCHR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517091901/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/sessions.htm|archive-date=17 May 2008|dead-url=yes|access-date=2008-06-03}}</ref&gt; Keahlian Jawatankuasa semasa (sehingga April 2018) ialah:<ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/Membership.aspx|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – Members|publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref&gt; {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 10px;&quot; !Nama !Negara !Tarikh luput penggal|}== Lihat juga == * [[Anti-racism|Anti-rasisme]] * [[Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|Perisytiharan Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum]] * [[Racial Equality Proposal, 1919|Cadangan Kesamaan Ras, 1919]] * [[World Conference against Racism|Persidangan Dunia menentang Rasisme]] * [[Environmental racism in Europe|Rasisme Persekitaran di Eropah]] * [[Environmental racism|Rasisme Persekitaran]] == Rujukan == {{reflist|30em}} {{Kawalan kewibawaan}} [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Afghanistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Albania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Algeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Andorra]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Antigua dan Barbuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Argentina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Armenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Australia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Austria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Azerbaijan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahamas]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bahrain]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bangladesh]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Barbados]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Belarusia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belgium]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belize]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Benin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bolivia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Bosnia dan Herzegovina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Botswana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian kediktatoran tentera Brazil]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Bulgaria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burkina Faso]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Burundi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Kampuchea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cameroon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kanada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanjung Verde]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Afrika Tengah]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chad]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Chile]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat China]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Colombia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Comoros]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zaire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Congo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Costa Rica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Côte d'Ivoire]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Croatia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cuba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Cyprus]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Czech]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Czechoslovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Denmark]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Djibouti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Dominika]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Timor Leste]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ecuador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mesir]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian El Salvador]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea Khatulistiwa]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eritrea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Estonia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Derg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Fiji]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Finland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Perancis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gabon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Gambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Georgia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jerman Barat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ghana]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Yunani]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Grenada]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guatemala]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Guinea-Bissau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Haiti]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Takhta Suci]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Honduras]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Hungary]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iceland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian India]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iran Pahlavi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Iraq Ba'ath]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Ireland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Israel]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Itali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jamaica]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jepun]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Jordan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kazakhstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kenya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kiribati]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Korea Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kuwait]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kyrgyzstan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Laos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Latvia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lubnan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lesotho]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liberia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kerajaan Libya]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Liechtenstein]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Lithuania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Luxembourg]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Makedonia Utara]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Madagaskar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malawi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maldives]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Malta]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mauritius]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Mexico]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Moldova]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Monaco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mongolia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Maghribi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Mozambique]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Namibia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nepal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian New Zealand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nicaragua]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Niger]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Nigeria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Norway]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Oman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Pakistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Negara Palestin]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Panama]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Papua New Guinea]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Paraguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Peru]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Filipina]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Rakyat Poland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Qatar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Romania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Rwanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Kitts dan Nevis]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Lucia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Saint Vincent dan Kepulauan Grenadine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian San Marino]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Arab Saudi]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Senegal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Serbia dan Montenegro]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Seychelles]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sierra Leone]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovakia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Slovenia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kepulauan Solomon]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demoratik Somali]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Afrika Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Kesatuan Soviet]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sepanyol Franco]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sri Lanka]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Demokratik Sudan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Suriname]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Eswatini]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian São Tomé dan Príncipe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Singapura]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Sweden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Switzerland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Syria]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tajikistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tanzania]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Thailand]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Togo]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tonga]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Trinidad dan Tobago]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Tunisia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turki]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Turkmenistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uganda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Sosialis Soviet Ukraine]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Emiriah Arab Bersatu]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian United Kingdom]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Amerika Syarikat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uruguay]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Uzbekistan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Venezuela]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Vietnam]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Republik Arab Yaman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Yugoslavia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zambia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian Zimbabwe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Faroe]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Greenland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Aruba]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antillen Belanda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Akrotiri dan Dhekelia]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Bermuda]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Antartik British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Wilayah Lautan Hindi British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Virgin British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Cayman]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Falkland]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Gibraltar]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Guernsey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Pulau Man]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Jersey]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Montserrat]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Pitcairn]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Georgia Selatan dan Kepulauan Sandwich Selatan]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Tokelau]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Hong Kong]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Makau Portugal]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Koloni Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Antigua dan Barbuda British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Brunei (negeri naungan)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Dominika British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Grenada British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Saint Lucia British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kepulauan Solomon British]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Kerajaan Tonga (1900–1970)]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Negeri Naungan Aden]] [[Kategori:Perjanjian diperluas ke Berlin Barat]]<ref name=ICERT&gt;{{cite web|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx|website=Office opf The High Commissioner for Human Rights|publisher=UN|accessdate=28 Julai 2014}}</ref&gt;|image=|image_width=|caption=|location_signed=New York<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|date_sealed=|date_effective=4 Januari 1969<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|condition_effective=27 pengesahan<ref name=art19&gt;ICERD, Article 19.</ref&gt;|date_expiration=|signatories=88<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|depositor=[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]]<ref name=art18&gt;ICERD, Article 18.</ref&gt;|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25&gt;ICERD, Article 25.</ref&gt;|footnotes=[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}} [[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|[[Bahasa Inggeris|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum:]]{{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}}{{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]] [[Bahasa Inggeris|'''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim bahasa Inggeris: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah konvensyen (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.]]<ref name=&quot;Art2.1&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 2.1</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.]]<ref name=&quot;Art4&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 4.</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.]] [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh Perhimpunan Agung PBB pada 21 Disember 1965,]]<ref name=&quot;UNGA2106&quot;&gt;United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.]]<ref name=&quot;UNTC-CERD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).]]<div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;usermessage&quot;&gt;[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —<br&gt;<br&gt;— ᴘᴇɴɢɢᴜɴᴀ ɪɴɪ ᴛᴇʟᴀʜ ʙᴇʀsᴀʀᴀ —]]<span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;</div&gt;}|parties=179<ref name=UNTC-CERD/&gt;|depositor=[[Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu|Setiausaha Agung PBB]]<ref name=art18&gt;ICERD, Article 18.</ref&gt;|language=|languages=Cina, Inggeris, Perancis, Rusia dan Sepanyol<ref name=art25&gt;ICERD, Article 25.</ref&gt;|footnotes=[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx]|wikisource=}} [[Fail:ICERD-members.PNG|alt=Membership of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|kiri|thumb|400x400px|[[Bahasa Inggeris|Keanggotaan Konvensyen Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum:]]{{legend|#008000|Mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#00c000|Tidak mengakui kecekapan di bawah Perkara 14}}{{legend|#FFFF00|Ditandatangani tetapi tidak disahkan}}{{legend|rgb(153,0,0)|Tidak ditandatangani ataupun disahkan}}]] [[Bahasa Inggeris|'''Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum''' ('''ICERD''', akronim bahasa Inggeris: ''International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination'') ialah sebuah konvensyen (perjanjian) oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia generasi ketiga, Konvensyen tersebut meminta anggotanya untuk menghapuskan diskriminasi terhadap kaum dan menggalakkan kesefahaman di antara semua kaum.]]<ref name=&quot;Art2.1&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 2.1</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Namun, Konvensyen ini juga menghendaki ahli anggota untuk mengharamkan ucapan benci (hate speech) dan menjenayahkan penyertaan dalam organisasi perkauman.]]<ref name=&quot;Art4&quot;&gt;ICERD, Article 4.</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini juga mengandungi sebuah mekanisme aduan berindividu, menjadikannya dapat dikuatkuasakan terhadap anggotanya dengan berkesan. Ini telah menyebabkan pembangunan perundangan terhad terhadap tafsiran dan pelaksanaan Konvensyen ini.]] [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini telah diterima pakai dan dibuka untuk ditandatangani oleh Perhimpunan Agung PBB pada 21 Disember 1965,]]<ref name=&quot;UNGA2106&quot;&gt;United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2106 (XX), 21 December 1965.</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|dan mula berkuatkuasa pada 4 Januari 1969. Pada Januari 2018, ia mempunyai 88 penandatangan dan 179 anggota.]]<ref name=&quot;UNTC-CERD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|title=Parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination|publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211223019/http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-2&chapter=4&lang=en|archive-date=2011-02-11|access-date=2018-11-01}}</ref&gt; [[Bahasa Inggeris|Konvensyen ini dipantau oleh Jawatankuasa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum (CERD).]]<div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;usermessage&quot;&gt;[[Bahasa Inggeris|— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —<br&gt;<br&gt;— ᴘᴇɴɢɢᴜɴᴀ ɪɴɪ ᴛᴇʟᴀʜ ʙᴇʀsᴀʀᴀ —]]<span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;</div&gt;" />
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 <div align="center" class="usermessage">— ᴛʜɪs ᴜsᴇʀ ʜᴀs ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴅ —<br><br>— ᴘᴇɴɢɢᴜɴᴀ ɪɴɪ ᴛᴇʟᴀʜ ʙᴇʀsᴀʀᴀ —<span class="plainlinks"></div>