Auckland: Perbezaan antara semakan

Auckland

Tāmaki Makaurau (b. Māori)
Auckland Tāmaki Makaurau (b. Māori)
Negara	New Zealand
Pulau	Pulau Utara
Kawasan	Kawasan Auckland
Petempatan Māori	sekitar 1350
Petempatan orang Eropah	1840
Pentadbiran
• Datuk bandar	Ramai
Keluasan
• Bandar	1,086 km2 (419 batu persegi)
Aras tertinggi	196 m (643 ft)
Aras Terendah	0 m (0 ft)
Penduduk (anggaran Jun 2012)
• Bandar	1,397,300
• Kepadatan bandar	1,300/km2 (3,300/batu persegi)
Zon waktu	UTC+12 (NZST)
• Musim panas (DST)	UTC+13 (NZDT)
Kod kawasan	09
Iwi tempatan	Ngāti Ākarana
Laman sesawang	http://www.aucklandnz.com/

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Auckland (bahasa Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) ialah bandar raya yang terbesar dan paling banyak penduduk di New Zealand. Penduduknya berjumlah 1,241,800 orang yang merangkumi 31% jumlah penduduk negara itu.^[1]

Kota kosmopolitan ini tidak sahaja merupakan kota kelima terbesar di Oceania tetapi juga menempatkan masyarakat Polinesia paling ramai di dunia.^[3]

Sejarah

Ia mula diduduki para pelayar Māori pada sekitar 1350^[4]^[5] dengan nama setempat diberi iaitu Tāmaki-makau-raucode: mi is deprecated yang bermaksud "Tāmaki didambakan ramai" (Tāmaki desired by many) kerana kekayaan hasil buminya;^[6] tāmaki pula bermaksud "petanda".^[7] Sebanyak 20,000 orang penduduki mendiami kawasan ini sebelum tibanya orang Eropah ke Pulau Utara;^[4]^[5] namun peperangan antara suku disebabkan perkenalan teknologi senapang lantak moden oleh pelayar Eropah pada abad ke-19 merebak termasuk kawasan ini menyebabkan penyusutan kependudukan secara ketara sebelum orang Eropah mula bertapak di sini.^[8]^[9]

Perjanjian Waitangi ditandatangani di pelabuhan Manukau barat daya Tāmaki Makaurau pada 20 Mac 1840.^[10] Pelabuhan Waitematā dihadiahkan pembesar Te Kawau kepada William Hobson untuk membentuk pusat pentadbiran yang baru dari Russell (Okiato). Ibu kota yang baru ini dinamakan Auckland sempena George Eden, Earl Auckland yang pada ketika itu Wizurai India.^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] Auckland ditubuhkan pada 18 September 1840; ia dirasmikan sebagai ibukota jajahan New Zealand pada 1841^[16]^[17]

Auckland digantikan oleh Wellington sebagai ibukota rasmi New Zealand pada 1865.

Geografi

Auckland terletak di suatu tanah genting. Titik paling sempit tanah ini antara teteluk Mangere dan Sungai Tamaki.

Iklim

Pengelasan iklim Köppen mengelaskan iklim ia jenis iklim lautan (Cfb) manakala National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research mengelaskan ia sebagai kawasan subtropik dengan musim panas sederhana dan musim sejuk yang lembap.^[18]^[19]

Data iklim untuk Auckland Airport (1981–2010, extremes 1962–present)
Bulan	Jan	Feb	Mac	Apr	Mei	Jun	Jul	Ogo	Sep	Okt	Nov	Dis	Tahun
Rekod tinggi suhu, °C (°F)	30.0 (86.0)	30.5 (86.9)	29.8 (85.6)	26.0 (78.8)	24.6 (76.3)	23.8 (74.8)	19.0 (66.2)	20.6 (69.1)	22.0 (71.6)	23.6 (74.5)	25.9 (78.6)	28.3 (82.9)	30.5 (86.9)
Purata maksimum suhu, °C (°F)	27.6 (81.7)	27.6 (81.7)	26.4 (79.5)	23.7 (74.7)	21.2 (70.2)	19.2 (66.6)	18.3 (64.9)	17.6 (63.7)	20.0 (68.0)	21.3 (70.3)	22.4 (72.3)	25.2 (77.4)	27.6 (81.7)
Purata maksimum suhu harian, °C (°F)	23.1 (73.6)	23.7 (74.7)	22.4 (72.3)	20.1 (68.2)	17.7 (63.9)	15.5 (59.9)	14.7 (58.5)	15.1 (59.2)	16.5 (61.7)	17.8 (64.0)	19.5 (67.1)	21.6 (70.9)	19.0 (66.2)
Purata suhu harian, °C (°F)	19.1 (66.4)	19.7 (67.5)	18.4 (65.1)	16.1 (61.0)	14.0 (57.2)	11.8 (53.2)	10.9 (51.6)	11.3 (52.3)	12.7 (54.9)	14.2 (57.6)	15.7 (60.3)	17.8 (64.0)	15.2 (59.4)
Purata minimum suhu harian, °C (°F)	15.2 (59.4)	15.8 (60.4)	14.4 (57.9)	12.1 (53.8)	10.3 (50.5)	8.1 (46.6)	7.1 (44.8)	7.5 (45.5)	8.9 (48.0)	10.4 (50.7)	12.0 (53.6)	14.0 (57.2)	11.3 (52.3)
Purata minimum suhu, °C (°F)	11.4 (52.5)	11.8 (53.2)	10.9 (51.6)	7.4 (45.3)	5.5 (41.9)	2.7 (36.9)	1.9 (35.4)	3.0 (37.4)	4.9 (40.8)	6.5 (43.7)	8.3 (46.9)	10.5 (50.9)	1.9 (35.4)
Rekod rendah suhu, °C (°F)	5.6 (42.1)	8.7 (47.7)	6.6 (43.9)	3.9 (39.0)	0.9 (33.6)	−1.1 (30.0)	−3.9 (25.0)	−1.7 (28.9)	1.7 (35.1)	−0.6 (30.9)	4.4 (39.9)	7.0 (44.6)	−3.9 (25.0)
Purata curahan hujan, mm (inci)	73.3 (2.89)	66.1 (2.60)	87.3 (3.44)	99.4 (3.91)	112.6 (4.43)	126.4 (4.98)	145.1 (5.71)	118.4 (4.66)	105.1 (4.14)	100.2 (3.94)	85.8 (3.38)	92.8 (3.65)	1,210.7 (47.67)
Purata bilangan hari hujan (≥ 1.0 mm)	8.0	7.1	8.4	10.6	12.0	14.8	16.0	14.9	12.8	12.0	10.3	9.3	135.7
Purata kelembapan relatif (%)	79.3	79.8	80.3	83.0	85.8	89.8	88.9	86.2	81.3	78.5	77.2	77.6	82.3
Purata bulanan jangka masa sinaran matahari	228.8	194.9	189.2	157.3	139.8	110.3	128.1	142.9	148.6	178.1	188.1	197.2	2,003.1
Sumber 1: NIWA Climate Data,^[20] CliFlo^[21]
Sumber 2: MetService^[22]

Galeri

Antara panorama yang boleh dilihat di Auckland

Bangunan pencakar langit yang terdapat di Auckland
Bandar raya Auckland pada waktu malam

Bandar raya Auckland pada waktu malam

Pandangan mengufuk dari Auckland City, dilihat dari Maungawhau / Gunung Eden

Rujukan

^ ^a ^b "Subnational population estimates at 30 June 2012". Statistik New Zealand. 23 Oktober 2012. Dicapai pada 23 Oktober 2012. Juga "Infoshare; Group: Population Estimates - DPE; Table: Estimated Resident Population for Urban Areas, at 30 June (1996+) (Annual-Jun)". Statistik New Zealand. 19 Disember 2012. Dicapai pada 23 Oktober 2012.
^ "GEOnet Names Server (GNS)". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-08-12. Dicapai pada Ogos 2006. Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (bantuan); Check date values in: |accessdate= (bantuan)
^ "Auckland and around". Rough Guide to New Zealand, Fifth Edition. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 February 2008. Dicapai pada 16 February 2010.
^ ^a ^b Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1867). New Zealand. m/s. 243. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 January 2009. Dicapai pada 19 June 2008.
^ ^a ^b Sarah Bulmer. "City without a state? Urbanisation in pre-European Taamaki-makau-rau (Auckland, New Zealand)" (PDF). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 9 June 2007. Dicapai pada 3 October 2007.
^ "About Auckland". The Auckland Plan 2050. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 January 2019. Dicapai pada 3 January 2019.
^ https://maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&histLoanWords=&keywords=T%C4%81maki
^ "Ngāti Whātua – European contact". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 February 2008. Dicapai pada 3 October 2007.
^ Michael King (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. Auckland, N.Z.: Penguin Books. m/s. 135. ISBN 0-14-301867-1.
^ "Signing the Treaty in Manukau in 1840". Auckland Council. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 June 2016. Dicapai pada 24 May 2016.
^ "Apihai Te Kawau". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Kementerian Kebudayaan dan Warisan (New Zealand). Dicapai pada 23 April 2017.
^ "Āpihai Te Kawau". Research and Publishing Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 8 May 2019. Dicapai pada 3 August 2019.
^ "Apihai Te Kawau". Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 11 August 2019. Dicapai pada 11 August 2019.
^ "Cultural Values Assessment in Support of the Notices of Requirement for the Proposed City Rail Link Project" (PDF). Auckland Transport. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 11 December 2019. Dicapai pada 11 August 2019.
^ What's Doing In; Auckland Diarkibkan 24 Januari 2009 di Wayback Machine – The New York Times, 25 November 1990
^ Social and Economic Research and Monitoring team (2010). Brief history of Auckland's urban form. Auckland Regional Council. ISBN 978-1-877540-57-8.
^ Russell Stone (2002). From Tamaki-Makau-Rau to Auckland. University of Auckland Press. ISBN 1-86940-259-6.
^ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 3 February 2012. Dicapai pada 29 April 2015.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
^ "Overview of New Zealand Climate—Northern New Zealand". National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 March 2012. Dicapai pada 29 April 2015.
^ "Auckland 1981–2010 averages". NIWA. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 October 2013. Dicapai pada 13 December 2015.
^ "CliFLO – National Climate Database". NIWA. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 November 2015. Dicapai pada 13 December 2015.
^ "MetService Auckland historical averages". Metservice. Dicapai pada 7 April 2020.

Pautan luar

Laman rasmi ibukota
Auckland travel guide – NewZealand.com
Auckland - Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand

Rencana berkaitan New Zealand ini ialah rencana tunas. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

Rencana berkaitan geografi ini ialah rencana tunas. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[NZ_population_data-1] "Subnational population estimates at 30 June 2012". Statistik New Zealand. 23 Oktober 2012. Dicapai pada 23 Oktober 2012. Juga "Infoshare; Group: Population Estimates - DPE; Table: Estimated Resident Population for Urban Areas, at 30 June (1996+) (Annual-Jun)". Statistik New Zealand. 19 Disember 2012. Dicapai pada 23 Oktober 2012.

[coor-2] "GEOnet Names Server (GNS)". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-08-12. Dicapai pada Ogos 2006. Unknown parameter |dateformat= ignored (bantuan); Check date values in: |accessdate= (bantuan)

[AAAROUND2-3] "Auckland and around". Rough Guide to New Zealand, Fifth Edition. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 February 2008. Dicapai pada 16 February 2010.

[Hochstetter1867-4] Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1867). New Zealand. m/s. 243. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 January 2009. Dicapai pada 19 June 2008.

[:0-5] Sarah Bulmer. "City without a state? Urbanisation in pre-European Taamaki-makau-rau (Auckland, New Zealand)" (PDF). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 9 June 2007. Dicapai pada 3 October 2007.

[6] "About Auckland". The Auckland Plan 2050. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 17 January 2019. Dicapai pada 3 January 2019.

[7] ttps://maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&histLoanWords=&keywords=T%C4%81maki

[8] "Ngāti Whātua – European contact". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 9 February 2008. Dicapai pada 3 October 2007.

[9] Michael King (2003). The Penguin History of New Zealand. Auckland, N.Z.: Penguin Books. m/s. 135. ISBN 0-14-301867-1.

[AklLib_ManakauTreatySigning-10] "Signing the Treaty in Manukau in 1840". Auckland Council. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 June 2016. Dicapai pada 24 May 2016.

[DNZB_Te_Kawau-11] "Apihai Te Kawau". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Kementerian Kebudayaan dan Warisan (New Zealand). Dicapai pada 23 April 2017.

[Biography-12] "Āpihai Te Kawau". Research and Publishing Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 8 May 2019. Dicapai pada 3 August 2019.

[Apihai-13] "Apihai Te Kawau". Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 11 August 2019. Dicapai pada 11 August 2019.

[Values-14] "Cultural Values Assessment in Support of the Notices of Requirement for the Proposed City Rail Link Project" (PDF). Auckland Transport. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 11 December 2019. Dicapai pada 11 August 2019.

[DOING-15] What's Doing In; Auckland Diarkibkan 24 Januari 2009 di Wayback Machine – The New York Times, 25 November 1990

[16] Social and Economic Research and Monitoring team (2010). Brief history of Auckland's urban form. Auckland Regional Council. ISBN 978-1-877540-57-8.

[17] Russell Stone (2002). From Tamaki-Makau-Rau to Auckland. University of Auckland Press. ISBN 1-86940-259-6.

[Peel-18] Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 3 February 2012. Dicapai pada 29 April 2015.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

[19] "Overview of New Zealand Climate—Northern New Zealand". National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 March 2012. Dicapai pada 29 April 2015.

[NIWA-20] "Auckland 1981–2010 averages". NIWA. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 October 2013. Dicapai pada 13 December 2015.

[21] "CliFLO – National Climate Database". NIWA. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 27 November 2015. Dicapai pada 13 December 2015.

[22] "MetService Auckland historical averages". Metservice. Dicapai pada 7 April 2020.

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
+{{Infobox Settlement
-'''Auckland''' merupakan sebuah [[bandar]] yang terbesar di [[New Zealand]]. Penduduknya berjumlah 1,241,800 jiwa.
+|name                   = Auckland
+|native_name            =  Tāmaki Makaurau <small>([[bahasa Māori|b. Māori]])</small>
+|nickname               =
+|settlement_type        = <!-- e.g. Town, Village, City, etc.-->
+|motto                  =
+|image_skyline          = New Auckland Infobox Pic Montage 3.jpg
+|imagesize              =
+|image_caption          =
+|image_map              = Auckland.png
+|mapsize                = 200px
+|map_caption            =
+|subdivision_type       = Negara
+|subdivision_name       = {{bendera|New Zealand}}
+|subdivision_type1      = [[Pulau di New Zealand|Pulau]]
+|subdivision_name1      = [[Pulau Utara]]
+|subdivision_type2      = [[Kawasan di New Zealand|Kawasan]]
+|subdivision_name2      = [[Kawasan Auckland]]
+|subdivision_type3      = Lembaga kawasan
+|subdivision_name3      =
+|government_footnotes   =
+|government_type        =
+|leader_title1          = Datuk bandar
+|leader_name1           = Ramai
+|established_title      = Petempatan Māori
+|established_date       = sekitar 1350
+|established_title1     = Petempatan orang Eropah
+|established_date1      = 1840
+|area_magnitude         =
+|area_footnotes         =
+|area_urban_km2         = 1086
+|elevation_max_m        = 196
+|elevation_min_m        = 0
+|population_as_of       = {{NZ population data|||y}}
+|population_footnotes   = <ref name="NZ_population_data"/>
+|population_urban       = {{formatnum:{{NZ population data||y}}|R}}
+|population_density_urban_km2 = auto
+|population_density_sq_mi     =
+|timezone               = [[Waktu di New Zealand|NZST]]
+|utc_offset             = +12
+|timezone_DST           = NZDT
+|utc_offset_DST         = +13
+|coor_pinpoint          = <ref name="coor">{{cite web |url=http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html |dateformat=mdy |accessdate=Ogos 2006 |title=GEOnet Names Server (GNS) |archive-date=2005-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050812023000/http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+|latd=36   |latm=51  |lats=  |latNS=S
+|longd=174 |longm=47 |longs= |longEW=E
+|blank_name             = [[Iwi]] tempatan
+|blank_info             = [[Ngāti Ākarana]]
+|postal_code_type       = Poskod
+|postal_code            =
+|area_code              = 09
+|website                = [http://www.aucklandnz.com/ http://www.aucklandnz.com/]
+|footnotes              =
+}}
+'''Auckland''' ([[bahasa Māori]]: '''Tāmaki Makaurau''') ialah [[bandar raya]] yang terbesar dan paling banyak penduduk di [[New Zealand]]. Penduduknya berjumlah 1,241,800 orang yang merangkumi 31% jumlah penduduk negara itu.{{NZ population data||||y}}
+Kota [[Kosmopolitanisme|kosmopolitan]] ini tidak sahaja merupakan kota kelima terbesar di [[Oceania]] tetapi juga menempatkan masyarakat [[Polinesia]] paling ramai di dunia.<ref name="AAAROUND2">{{cite web|url=http://www.roughguides.com/website/travel/destination/content/?titleid=83&xid=idh185804920_0099|title=Auckland and around|work=[[Rough Guides|Rough Guide]] to New Zealand, Fifth Edition|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227085220/http://www.roughguides.com/website/travel/destination/content/?titleid=83&xid=idh185804920_0099|archivedate=27 February 2008|accessdate=16 February 2010}}</ref>
-{{geo-stub}}
-[[Fail:360 auckland.jpg|center|800px]]
-{{Link FA|mk}}
+== Sejarah ==
-[[Kategori:Bandar di New Zealand]]
+Ia mula diduduki para pelayar [[Orang Māori|Māori]] pada sekitar 1350<ref name="Hochstetter1867">{{Cite book|url=http://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document/1867_-_von_Hochstetter%2C_Ferdinand._New_Zealand/CHAPTER_XI%3A_The_Isthmus_of_Auckland|title=New Zealand|author=Ferdinand von Hochstetter|year=1867|page=243|author-link=Ferdinand von Hochstetter|access-date=19 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112062218/http://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document/1867_-_von_Hochstetter%2C_Ferdinand._New_Zealand/CHAPTER_XI%3A_The_Isthmus_of_Auckland|archive-date=12 January 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.arkeologi.uu.se/afr/projects/BOOK/Bulmer/bulmer.pdf|title=''City without a state? Urbanisation in pre-European Taamaki-makau-rau (Auckland, New Zealand)''|author=Sarah Bulmer|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609204236/http://www.arkeologi.uu.se/afr/projects/BOOK/Bulmer/bulmer.pdf|archivedate=9 June 2007|accessdate=3 October 2007|df=dmy}}</ref> dengan nama setempat diberi iaitu ''{{lang|mi|Tāmaki-makau-rau}}'' yang bermaksud "Tāmaki didambakan ramai" (''Tāmaki desired by many'') kerana kekayaan hasil buminya;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/plans-projects-policies-reports-bylaws/our-plans-strategies/auckland-plan/about-the-auckland-plan/Pages/about-auckland.aspx|title=About Auckland|work=The Auckland Plan 2050|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117195911/https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/plans-projects-policies-reports-bylaws/our-plans-strategies/auckland-plan/about-the-auckland-plan/Pages/about-auckland.aspx|archive-date=17 January 2019|accessdate=3 January 2019}}</ref> ''tāmaki'' pula bermaksud "petanda".<ref>https://maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&histLoanWords=&keywords=T%C4%81maki</ref> Sebanyak 20,000 orang penduduki mendiami kawasan ini sebelum tibanya orang Eropah ke Pulau Utara;<ref name="Hochstetter1867" /><ref name=":0" /> namun [[Perang Senapang Lantak|peperangan antara suku]] disebabkan perkenalan teknologi senapang lantak moden oleh pelayar Eropah pada abad ke-19 merebak termasuk kawasan ini menyebabkan penyusutan kependudukan secara ketara sebelum orang Eropah mula bertapak di sini.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgatiWhatua/3/en|title=Ngāti Whātua – European contact|encyclopedia=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]]|accessdate=3 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209131234/http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgatiWhatua/3/en|archive-date=9 February 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Penguin History of New Zealand|author=Michael King|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2003|isbn=0-14-301867-1|location=Auckland, N.Z.|page=135|author-link=Michael King}}</ref>
+[[Perjanjian Waitangi]] ditandatangani di pelabuhan Manukau barat daya Tāmaki Makaurau pada 20 Mac 1840.<ref name="AklLib_ManakauTreatySigning">{{cite web|url=http://www.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/EN/heritage/localhistory/countiesmanukau/maorihistory/Pages/signingthetreatyinManukau.aspx|title=Signing the Treaty in Manukau in 1840|publisher=Auckland Council|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604091149/http://www.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/EN/heritage/localhistory/countiesmanukau/maorihistory/Pages/signingthetreatyinManukau.aspx|archive-date=4 June 2016|accessdate=24 May 2016}}</ref> Pelabuhan Waitematā dihadiahkan pembesar Te Kawau kepada [[William Hobson]] untuk membentuk pusat pentadbiran yang baru dari [[Old Russell|Russell (Okiato)]]. Ibu kota yang baru ini dinamakan Auckland sempena [[George Eden|George Eden, Earl Auckland]] yang pada ketika itu [[Wizurai India|Wizurai]] [[India British|India]].<ref name="DNZB Te Kawau">{{DNZB|title=Apihai Te Kawau|authors=Pihema, Ani; Kerei, Ruby; Oliver, Steven|id=1t42|accessdate=23 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Biography">{{cite web|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/apihai-te-kawau|title=Āpihai Te Kawau|publisher=Research and Publishing Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508003439/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/apihai-te-kawau|archive-date=8 May 2019|accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Apihai">{{cite web|url=http://ngatiwhatuaorakei.com/apihai-te-kawau/|title=Apihai Te Kawau|publisher=Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811062406/http://ngatiwhatuaorakei.com/apihai-te-kawau/|archive-date=11 August 2019|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Values">{{cite web|url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1168412/aeeappendix6culturalvalues.pdf|title=Cultural Values Assessment in Support of the Notices of Requirement for the Proposed City Rail Link Project|publisher=Auckland Transport|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211224318/https://at.govt.nz/media/1168412/aeeappendix6culturalvalues.pdf|archive-date=11 December 2019|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="DOING">''[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEFD6123BF936A15752C1A966958260&scp=31&sq=auckland&st=nyt What's Doing In; Auckland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124001124/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEFD6123BF936A15752C1A966958260&scp=31&sq=auckland&st=nyt|date=24 January 2009}}'' – ''[[The New York Times]]'', 25 November 1990</ref> Auckland ditubuhkan pada 18 September 1840; ia dirasmikan sebagai ibukota jajahan New Zealand pada 1841<ref>{{Cite book|title=Brief history of Auckland's urban form|author=Social and Economic Research and Monitoring team|publisher=Auckland Regional Council|year=2010|isbn=978-1-877540-57-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=From Tamaki-Makau-Rau to Auckland|author=Russell Stone|publisher=University of Auckland Press|year=2002|isbn=1-86940-259-6|author-link=Russell Stone}}</ref>
-[[af:Auckland]]
-[[ar:أوكلاند، نيوزيلندا]]
+Auckland digantikan oleh [[Wellington, New Zealand|Wellington]] sebagai ibukota rasmi New Zealand pada 1865.
-[[roa-rup:Auckland]]
-[[id:Auckland]]
+== Geografi ==
-[[bg:Окланд]]
+Auckland terletak di suatu [[tanah genting]]. Titik paling sempit tanah ini antara teteluk Mangere dan Sungai Tamaki.
-[[ca:Auckland]]
-[[cs:Auckland]]
+=== Iklim ===
-[[cy:Auckland]]
+[[Pengelasan iklim Köppen]] mengelaskan iklim ia jenis [[iklim lautan]] (''Cfb'') manakala National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research mengelaskan ia sebagai kawasan [[Subtropika|subtropik]] dengan musim panas sederhana dan musim sejuk yang lembap.<ref name="Peel">{{cite journal|authors=Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A.|year=2007|title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification|url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf|journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.|volume=11|issue=5|pages=1633–1644|doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007|issn=1027-5606|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2012|access-date=29 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/overview/map_north|title=Overview of New Zealand Climate—Northern New Zealand|publisher=National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research|url-status=live|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65rtmofRj?url=http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/overview/map_north|archive-date=2 March 2012|accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref>{{Weather box|location=[[Auckland Airport]] (1981–2010, extremes 1962–present)|Oct rain mm=100.2|Apr rain mm=99.4|May rain mm=112.6|Jun rain mm=126.4|Jul rain mm=145.1|Aug rain mm=118.4|Sep rain mm=105.1|Nov rain mm=85.8|Feb rain mm=66.1|Dec rain mm=92.8|year rain mm=1210.7|unit rain days=1.0 mm|Jan rain days=8.0|Feb rain days=7.1|Mar rain days=8.4|Mar rain mm=87.3|Jan rain mm=73.3|May rain days=12.0|May record low C=0.9|Nov avg record low C=8.3|Dec avg record low C=10.5|Jan record low C=5.6|Feb record low C=8.7|Mar record low C=6.6|Apr record low C=3.9|Jun record low C=−1.1|rain colour=green|Jul record low C=−3.9|Aug record low C=−1.7|Sep record low C=1.7|Oct record low C=−0.6|Nov record low C=4.4|Dec record low C=7.0|year record low C=−3.9|Apr rain days=10.6|Jun rain days=14.8|Sep avg record low C=4.9|Jul sun=128.1|Jan sun=228.8|Feb sun=194.9|Mar sun=189.2|Apr sun=157.3|May sun=139.8|Jun sun=110.3|Aug sun=142.9|Dec humidity=77.6|Sep sun=148.6|Oct sun=178.1|Nov sun=188.1|Dec sun=197.2|year sun=2003.1|source 1=NIWA Climate Data,<ref name="NIWA">{{cite web|url=http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate|title=Auckland 1981–2010 averages|accessdate=13 December 2015|publisher=NIWA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010054839/http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate|archive-date=10 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> CliFlo<ref>{{cite web| url =http://cliflo.niwa.co.nz| title =CliFLO – National Climate Database| accessdate =13 December 2015| publisher =NIWA| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151127002612/http://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/| archive-date =27 November 2015| url-status =live}}</ref>|year humidity=82.3|Nov humidity=77.2|Jul rain days=16.0|Jan humidity=79.3|Aug rain days=14.9|Sep rain days=12.8|Oct rain days=12.0|Nov rain days=10.3|Dec rain days=9.3|year rain days=135.7|Feb humidity=79.8|Oct humidity=78.5|Mar humidity=80.3|Apr humidity=83.0|May humidity=85.8|Jun humidity=89.8|Jul humidity=88.9|Aug humidity=86.2|Sep humidity=81.3|Oct avg record low C=6.5|Aug avg record low C=3.0|metric first=Yes|Dec avg record high C=25.2|Jun avg record high C=19.2|Jul avg record high C=18.3|Aug avg record high C=17.6|Sep avg record high C=20.0|Oct avg record high C=21.3|Nov avg record high C=22.4|Jan high C=23.1|Apr avg record high C=23.7|Feb high C=23.7|Mar high C=22.4|Apr high C=20.1|May high C=17.7|Jun high C=15.5|Jul high C=14.7|May avg record high C=21.2|Mar avg record high C=26.4|Sep high C=16.5|Jun record high C=23.8|single line=Yes|Jan record high C=30.0|Feb record high C=30.5|Mar record high C=29.8|Apr record high C=26.0|May record high C=24.6|Jul record high C=19.0|Feb avg record high C=27.6|Aug record high C=20.6|Sep record high C=22.0|Oct record high C=23.6|Nov record high C=25.9|Dec record high C=28.3|year record high C=30.5|Jan avg record high C=27.6|Aug high C=15.1|Oct high C=17.8|Jul avg record low C=1.9|Nov low C=12.0|May low C=10.3|Jun low C=8.1|Jul low C=7.1|Aug low C=7.5|Sep low C=8.9|Oct low C=10.4|Dec low C=14.0|Mar low C=14.4|year low C=11.3|Jan avg record low C=11.4|Feb avg record low C=11.8|Mar avg record low C=10.9|Apr avg record low C=7.4|May avg record low C=5.5|Jun avg record low C=2.7|Apr low C=12.1|Feb low C=15.8|Nov high C=19.5|May mean C=14.0|Dec high C=21.6|year high C=19.0|Jan mean C=19.1|Feb mean C=19.7|Mar mean C=18.4|Apr mean C=16.1|Jun mean C=11.8|Jan low C=15.2|Jul mean C=10.9|Aug mean C=11.3|Sep mean C=12.7|Oct mean C=14.2|Nov mean C=15.7|Dec mean C=17.8|year mean C=15.2|source 2=MetService<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.metservice.com/towns-cities/locations/auckland/past-weather| title =MetService Auckland historical averages| accessdate =7 April 2020| publisher =Metservice| url-status =live}}</ref>}}
-[[da:Auckland]]
-[[de:Auckland]]
+== Galeri ==
-[[et:Auckland]]
+{{Wide image|View from Sky Tower Akl.jpg|800px|Antara panorama yang boleh dilihat di Auckland}}
-[[el:Ώκλαντ]]
+<gallery>
-[[en:Auckland]]
+Auckland skyline (24045221962).jpg|Bangunan pencakar langit yang terdapat di Auckland
-[[es:Auckland]]
+DowntownAucklandNight.jpg|Bandar raya Auckland pada waktu [[malam]]
-[[eo:Auckland]]
+</gallery>
-[[eu:Auckland]]
+{{Wide image|AucklandPano MC.jpg|1280px|Pandangan mengufuk dari [[Auckland City]], dilihat dari Maungawhau / Gunung Eden}}
-[[fa:آوکلند]]
-[[fr:Auckland]]
+== Rujukan ==
-[[gl:Auckland]]
+{{reflist|2}}
-[[ko:오클랜드 (뉴질랜드)]]
-[[hy:Օկլենդ]]
+==Pautan luar==
-[[hi:आकलैंड]]
+* [http://www.aucklandnz.com/ Laman rasmi ibukota]
-[[hr:Auckland]]
+* [http://www.newzealand.com/int/auckland/ Auckland travel guide] – NewZealand.com
-[[io:Auckland]]
+* [http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/auckland Auckland] - Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
-[[os:Окленд (Ног Зеланди)]]
+{{Tunas-New Zealand}}
-[[it:Auckland]]
+{{geo-stub}}
-[[he:אוקלנד (ניו זילנד)]]
+[[Kategori:Bandar di New Zealand]]
-[[ka:ოკლენდი]]
+[[Kategori:Bekas ibu negara]]
-[[sw:Auckland]]
-[[kv:Окленд (Выль Зеландия)]]
-[[la:Aucopolis]]
-[[lv:Oklenda]]
-[[lt:Oklandas (Naujoji Zelandija)]]
-[[mk:Окленд]]
-[[mi:Tāmaki-makau-rau]]
-[[mr:ऑकलँड]]
-[[mn:Окленд]]
-[[nl:Auckland]]
-[[ja:オークランド (ニュージーランド)]]
-[[no:Auckland]]
-[[nn:Auckland]]
-[[pl:Auckland]]
-[[pt:Auckland]]
-[[ro:Auckland]]
-[[ru:Окленд (Новая Зеландия)]]
-[[sco:Auckland]]
-[[scn:Auckland]]
-[[simple:Auckland]]
-[[sk:Auckland]]
-[[sr:Окланд]]
-[[fi:Auckland]]
-[[sv:Auckland]]
-[[ta:ஆக்லன்ட்]]
-[[vi:Auckland]]
-[[tr:Auckland]]
-[[uk:Окленд (Нова Зеландія)]]
-[[ug:ئاۋكلاند]]
-[[zh:奧克蘭 (紐西蘭)]]