Lihat sumber bagi Limfoma

{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Limfoma
| image           = Lymphoma macro.jpg
| caption         = [[Limfoma folikel]] menggantikan [[nodus limfa]].
| field           = [[Hematologi]], [[onkologi]]
| symptoms        = [[Limfadenopati|Nodus limfa besar]], [[demam]], [[diaforesis|kepeluhan]], berat badan menurun, [[pruritus|kegatalan]], [[Kelesuan (perubatan)|kepenatan]]<ref name=HL2014>{{cite web|title=General Information About Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adulthodgkins/Patient/page1/AllPages|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=20 June 2014|date=2014-04-23|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705231802/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adulthodgkins/Patient/page1/AllPages|archive-date=5 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=NHL2014>{{cite web|title=General Information About Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adult-non-hodgkins/Patient/page1/AllPages|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=20 June 2014|date=2014-04-25|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705115658/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/adult-non-hodgkins/Patient/page1/AllPages|archive-date=5 July 2014}}</ref>
| complications   =
| onset           =
| duration        =
| causes          =
| risks           = [[Virus Epstein-Barr]], [[penyakit autoimun]], [[HIV/AIDS]], [[merokok]]<ref name=NHL2014/><ref name=Kam2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kamper-Jørgensen M, Rostgaard K, Glaser SL, Zahm SH, Cozen W, Smedby KE, Sanjosé S, Chang ET, Zheng T, La Vecchia C, Serraino D, Monnereau A, Kane EV, Miligi L, Vineis P, Spinelli JJ, McLaughlin JR, Pahwa P, Dosman JA, Vornanen M, Foretova L, Maynadie M, Staines A, Becker N, Nieters A, Brennan P, Boffetta P, Cocco P, Hjalgrim H | display-authors = 6 | title = Cigarette smoking and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma and its subtypes: a pooled analysis from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph) | journal = Annals of Oncology | volume = 24 | issue = 9 | pages = 2245–2255 | date = September 2013 | pmid = 23788758 | pmc = 3755332 | doi = 10.1093/annonc/mdt218 }}</ref>
| diagnosis       = [[Biopsi nodus limfa]]<ref name=HL2014/><ref name=NHL2014/>
| differential    =
| prevention      =
| treatment       = [[Kemoterapi]], [[terapi sinaran]], [[terapi proton]], [[terapi bersasar]], [[pembedahan]]<ref name=HL2014/><ref name=NHL2014/>
| medication      =
| prognosis       = [[Kelangsungan lima tahun]] purata 85% (AS)<ref name="seer">{{cite web |url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/hodg.html |title=Hodgkin Lymphoma—SEER Stat Fact Sheets |publisher=Seer.cancer.gov |access-date=2012-08-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017064937/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/hodg.html |archive-date=2012-10-17 }}</ref>
| frequency       = 4.9 juta (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal | vauthors = Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, Carter A, etal | collaboration = GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators | title = Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1545–1602 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733282 | pmc = 5055577 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 }}</ref>
| deaths          = 204,700 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal | title = Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 | journal = Lancet | volume = 388 | issue = 10053 | pages = 1459–1544 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27733281 | pmc = 5388903 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1 | last1 = Wang | first1 = Haidong | last2 = Naghavi | first2 = Mohsen | last3 = Allen | first3 = Christine | last4 = Barber | first4 = Ryan M. | last5 = Bhutta | first5 = Zulfiqar A. | last6 = Carter | first6 = Austin | last7 = Casey | first7 = Daniel C. | last8 = Charlson | first8 = Fiona J. | last9 = Chen | first9 = Alan Zian | last10 = Coates | first10 = Matthew M. | last11 = Coggeshall | first11 = Megan | last12 = Dandona | first12 = Lalit | last13 = Dicker | first13 = Daniel J. | last14 = Erskine | first14 = Holly E. | last15 = Ferrari | first15 = Alize J. | last16 = Fitzmaurice | first16 = Christina | last17 = Foreman | first17 = Kyle | last18 = Forouzanfar | first18 = Mohammad H. | last19 = Fraser | first19 = Maya S. | last20 = Fullman | first20 = Nancy | last21 = Gething | first21 = Peter W. | last22 = Goldberg | first22 = Ellen M. | last23 = Graetz | first23 = Nicholas | last24 = Haagsma | first24 = Juanita A. | last25 = Hay | first25 = Simon I. | last26 = Huynh | first26 = Chantal | last27 = Johnson | first27 = Catherine O. | last28 = Kassebaum | first28 = Nicholas J. | last29 = Kinfu | first29 = Yohannes | last30 = Kulikoff | first30 = Xie Rachel | display-authors = 1 }}</ref>
}}
'''Limfoma''' adalah sejenis [[barah]] yang terjadi pada [[limfosit]] (jenis [[sel darah putih]] pada sistem ketahanan tubuh vertebrat), di mana ia terdiri daripada pelbagai jenis. Biasanya, limfoma hadir sebagai [[tumor]] pepejal sel-sel [[limfoid]]. Rawatan mungkin melibatkan [[kemoterapi]] dan dalam beberapa kes [[radioterapi]] dan/atau [[pemindahan sumsum tulang]] di mana ia boleh disembuhkan bergantung kepada [[histologi]], jenis dan peringkat penyakit. Sel-sel berbahaya ini sering berasal dari [[nodus limfa]]. Pada abad ke-19 dan abad ke-20, penyakit ini disebut [[penyakit Hodgkin]] kerana dijumpai oleh [[Thomas Hodgkin]] pada 1832. Limfoma dikategorikan kepada [[limfoma Hodgkin]] dan [[limfoma bukan Hodgkin]].

== Tanda dan gejala ==
[[File:Diagram showing the lymph nodes lymphoma most commonly develops in CRUK 311.svg|thumb|right|Nodus limfa di mana limfoma paling biasa berlaku]]
[[File:Blausen 0626 lymphoma.png|thumb|Limfoma dan sistem limfa]]
Limfoma mungkin terbit dengan gejala tak khusus; jika gejala terbit berterusan, penilaian untuk menentukan puncanya, termasuk limfoma mungkin, perlu dilakukan.
* [[Limfadenopati]]<ref name=lymphoma.org>{{cite web|title=About Lymphoma|url=http://www.lymphoma.org/site/pp.asp?c=bkLTKaOQLmK8E&b=6299689|publisher=Lymphoma Research Foundation|access-date=22 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202175216/http://www.lymphoma.org/site/pp.asp?c=bkLTKaOQLmK8E&b=6299689|archive-date=2 December 2012}}</ref><!--<ref name=lymphoma.about.com/>--> atau pembesaran nodus limfa, ialah petanda primer limfoma. Biasanya, ia tidak menyakitkan.
* [[Simptom B]] (sistem sistemik) – boleh dikaitkan dengan limfoma Hodgkin serta bukan Hodgkin. Ia termasuk:
** [[Demam punca tidak diketahui]]<ref name=lymphoma.org/><!--<ref name=lymphoma.about.com/>-->
** [[Peluh malam]]<ref name=lymphoma.org/><!--<ref name=lymphoma.about.com/>-->
** [[Penurunan berat badan]]<ref name=lymphoma.org/><!--<ref name=lymphoma.about.com/>-->
* Simptom lain:
** [[Anemia]], pendarahan, kecenderungan jangkitan meningkat<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2019-11-09|title=Primary CNS Lymphoma: Overview, Etiology, Epidemiology|url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1157638-overview}}</ref>
** [[Anoreksia (gejala)|Hilang selera makan]]<!--<ref name=lymphoma.about.com>{{cite web |url=http://lymphoma.about.com/od/symptoms/tp/warningsigns.htm |title=Warning Signs of Lymphoma — First Signs of Lymphoma |publisher=Lymphoma.about.com |access-date=2012-12-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118231746/http://lymphoma.about.com/od/symptoms/tp/warningsigns.htm |archive-date=2012-11-18 }}</ref>-->
** [[Kelesuan (perubatan)|Kelesuan]]<ref name=lymphoma.org/><!--<ref name=lymphoma.about.com/>-->
** [[Dispnea|Tekanan pernafasan atau dispnea]]<!--<ref name=lymphoma.about.com/>-->
** [[Kegatalan]]<ref name=lymphoma.org/><!--<ref name=lymphoma.about.com/>-->

== Lihat juga ==
* [[Asid askorbik]]
* [[Indeks Prognostik Antarabangsa]]
* [[Limfadenopati]]

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Pautan luar ==
*[http://www.hodgkinshistory.com/info/timeline.html Garis masa penemuan dan rawatan limfoma Hodgkins] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219025451/http://www.hodgkinshistory.com/info/timeline.html |date=2012-02-19 }}
*[http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lymph.html Perangkaan limfoma Amerika Syarikat] daripada [[Institut Barah Kebangsaan]] A.S.
*[http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/hodgkinslymphoma/?a=5441 Perangkaan limfoma Hodgkin] dan [http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/nhl/?a=5441 limfoma bukan Hodgkins] di United Kingdom
*[http://www.medworm.com/rss/search.php?qu=lymphomas+lymphoma&t=Lymphoma&f=cancer&r=Any&o=d Berita dan penyelidikan terkini terhadap limfoma]
*[http://www.radrounds.com/photo/lymphoma-chest-radiograph Rupa Pengimejan Limfoma - Radiografi Dada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225200015/http://www.radrounds.com/photo/lymphoma-chest-radiograph |date=2012-02-25 }}
*[http://www.lymphomas.org.uk Persatuan Limfoma United Kingdom]
*[http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk/type/lymphoma/ Maklumat limfoma yang dikaji semula secara klinikal] untuk pesakit yang diperoleh daripada [[Penyelidikan Barah UK]]

{{tunas-perubatan}}

[[Kategori:WPPER]]
[[Kategori:Limfoma]]
[[Kategori:Patologi anatomi]]
[[Kategori:Hematologi]]
[[Kategori:Barah pediatrik]]