Fontem paginae Damascus inspicere

{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}

'''Damascus''' ([[Arabice]] دِمَشق ''Dimašq'' sive in Syria الشام ''al-Šām'', interdum مدينة الياسمين ''Madīnat al-Yāsmīn'' "urbs Iasmini") est [[caput (urbs)|caput]] et secunda [[Syria]]e [[urbs]] post [[Beroea (Syria)|Beroeam]]. Ambae urbes sunt partes [[civitas|civitatis]] [[quattuordecim]] [[Gubernoratus Syriae|gubernoratuum]]. Urbs, [[unus|una]] ex [[Index urbium tempore habitationis continuae digestarum|veterrimarum orbis terrarum urbium continenter incultarum]], est maior [[cultura]]e [[religio]]nisque in [[Levans|Levante]] sedes. Numerus [[habitatio|habitantium]] est circa 1&thinsp;711&thinsp;000 (aestimatione 2009). Damasci est [[Universitas Damascena]].

Damascus, in Syria meridio-occidentali situs, a [[Tripolis Libani|Tripoli]] ad australem versus iacens, est sedes metropolitae 2.6 millionum incolarum (2004) regionis.<ref>Central Bureau of Statistics Syria [https://web.archive.org/web/20130310211017/http://www.cbssyr.org/General%20census/census%202004/pop-man.pdf Syria census 2004]</ref> Regio urbana, [[geographia|geographice]] se in orientalibus [[mons|montium]] [[Anti-Libanum]]<!--Anti-Lebanon-->{{dubsig}} radicibus 80 km ad [[oriens|orientem]] [[litus|litoris]] [[Mare Mediterraneum|Maris Mediterranei]] in planitie 680 m supra [[maris aequor]] conlocans, [[clima]] semiaridum ob [[effectus umbrae pluvialis|effectum umbrae pluvialis]]<!--rain shadow effect--> habet. [[Barada|Barada Flumen]] per urbem fluit.<!--PLUS IN EN:-->

== Etymologia ==
[[Fasciculus:Damasco via rectaHPIM3222.JPG|thumb|left|Vetus via Damascena.]]
[[Fasciculus:Damascus, Syria, Panorama at sunset.jpg|thumb|Despectus in urbem ex Monte Qassiun.]]
[[Fasciculus:Eagle Dome2(js).jpg|thumb|Facies [[mescita]] Umayyad.]]
[[Fasciculus:The Jupiter temple in Damascus.jpg|thumb|Ruinae [[Templum Iovis (Damascus)|Templi Iovis]] ad aditum [[Al-Hamidiyah Souq]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Bab Sharqi Street, Damascus.jpg|thumb|[[Via recta appellata]] [[Biblia Sacra|biblica]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Courtyard2(js).jpg|thumb|Area [[mescita]]e Umayyad.]]

[[Nomen proprium|Nomen]] Damasci primum in geographico [[Thutmosis III]] indice ut ''T-m-ś-q'' [[saeculum 15 a.C.n.|saeculo 15 a.C.n.]] apparuit.<ref>Index I, 13 in J. Simons, ''Handbook for the Study of Egyptian Topographical Lists relating to Western Asia'' (Leiden, 1937). Vide Y. Aharoni, ''The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography'' (London, 1967), p 147, no. 13.</ref>
Urbs [[Lingua Arabica|Arabice]] ''Dimashq al-Shām'' (دمشق الشام) appellatur, nomen saepe ad ''Dimashq'' vel ''al-Shām'' ab incolis urbanis aliisque civibus Syriae et [[homo|hominibus]] aliarum civitatum Arabicarum redditum. ''Al-Shām'' est nomen Arabicum quod 'septentrionalis' et 'Syria' significat; Syria ipsa, praecipue [[historia|historica]] [[Syria Maior]], ''Bilād al-Shām'' (بلاد الشام 'terra septentrionalis') vicissim appellatur. [[Etymologia]] nominis antiqui ''T-m-ś-q'' est incerta, sed [[radix (linguistica)|radix]] fortasse est [[linguae Semiticae|praesemitica]]. Fontes scripti id attestantur ut ''Dimašqa'' [[lingua Accadiana|Accadiane]], ''T-ms-ḳw'' [[lingua Aegyptia|Aegyptice]], ''Dammaśq'' (דמשק), [[lingua Aramaica|Aramaice Vetere]], et ''Dammeśeq'' (דמשק) [[Lingua Hebraica Biblica|Hebraice Biblice]]. [[Littera]]e Accadianae in [[Epistolae Amarnenses|Epistolis Amarnensibus]], ex [[saeculum 14 a.C.n.|saeculo 14 a.C.n.]], inveniuntur. Posteriores nominis litterae [[Lingua Aramaica|Aramaice]] ''[[resh]]'' (littera ''r'') importunum saepe comprehendunt, fortasse a radice ''dr'' 'domus' motae; unde nomen ''Darmeśeq'' <!--({{lang|arc|דרמשק}})--> [[Qumran]]icum, et ''Darmsûq'' (ܕܪܡܣܘܩ) [[Lingua Syriaca]] scriptum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-097X%28198805%290%3A270%3C97%3AADAHSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S |title=(in Book Reviews) '&#39;Ancient Damascus: A Historical Study of the Syrian City-State from Earliest Times Until Its Fall to the Assyrians in 732 BC.'&#39;, Wayne T. Pitard. Review author: Paul E. Dion, '&#39;Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research'&#39;, No. 270, Ancient Syria. (May, 1988), p. 98 |publisher=Links.jstor.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-097X%28197202%290%3A205%3C36%3ATSDTMB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9 |title='&#39;The Stele Dedicated to Melcarth by Ben-Hadad of Damascus'&#39;, Frank Moore Cross. '&#39;Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research'&#39;, No. 205. (Feb., 1972), p. 40 |publisher=Links.jstor.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-20}}</ref> [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] urbis nomen, ''Damascus,'' ex Δαμασκός verbo [[Lingua Graeca|Graeco]] deducitur, quod ex Aramaice דרמשק 'locus bene inrigatus' ortum est.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Damascus |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Damascus |title=Damascus – Wiktionary |publisher=En.wiktionary.org |date=2010-05-09 |accessdate=2010-06-20}}</ref><!--PLUS IN EN:-->

== Situs historici ==
<!--PLUS IN EN:-->

=== Moenia et portae Damasci ===
Vetus urbs Damascena, cuius [[area (geometria)|area]] est circa 128 hectares,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110511100516/http://www.damascus.org.sy/?d=259&id=555 Old Damascus]</ref> vallis in lateribus [[septentrio]]nalibus [[oriens|orientalibusque]] atque in parte lateris [[meridies|meridiani]] cingitur. Sunt [[septem]] portae urbanae exstantes, quarum veterrima ex temporibus [[Imperium Romanum|Romanis]] manet. Hae sunt, secundum [[horologium|horologii]] motum a septentrionibus [[arx|arcis]]:
* [[Bab al-Saghir]] (Parva Porta)
* [[Bab al-Faradis]] (Porta Pomarii, vel Porta Paradisi)
* [[Bab al-Salam]] (Porta Pacis), omnibus secundum septentriones Urbis Veteris fines
* [[Bab Tuma]] ("Tuma" vel Porta Thomae) in angulo boreorientali, in Christianum eiusdem nominis quadratum ducens
* [[Bab Sharqi]] (Porta Orientalis) in muro orientali, sola porta cui manet propositum Romanum
* [[Bab Kisan]] in meridio-orientali<!--, from which tradition holds that Saint Paul made his escape from Damascus, lowered from the ramparts in a basket;--> haec porta nunc occluditur et [[Cappella Sancti Pauli]] <!--marking the event--> in structuram aedificata est,
* [[Bab al-Jabiya]] apud aditum ad Souk Midhat Pasha, in meridio-occidentali

Aliis regionibus praeter urbem muro cinctam etiam est nomen portae: [[Bab al-Faraj (Damascus)|Bab al-Faraj]] et ad meridio-occidentalem urbis partem [[Bab Mousalla]] et [[Bab Sreija]].

=== Templa Christiana in urbe vetere ===
* [[Cappella Sancti Pauli]]
* Cathedralis Catholica Romana in Via<!--Alley--> Zaitoon (Oliva)
* [[Cathedralis Mariamita Damascena]]
* [[Domus Sancti Ananias]]
* Ecclesia Sancti Georgii Orthodoxa Syriaca
* Ecclesia Sancti Ioannis Damasceni
* Laura Sancti Pauli
<gallery>
Fasciculus:Damascus-Bab Kisan.jpg|Cappella Sancti Pauli
Fasciculus:Melkite Greek Catholic Church, Damascus, Syria.jpg|Cathedralis Catholica Graeca Patriarchalis Dominae Nostrae Dormitionis
Fasciculus:Surp Sarkis Armenian church Damascus.jpg|Cathedralis Armeniana Sancti Sarkis in Bab Sharqi
Fasciculus:S. George Syr Orth Cathedral Damascus.jpg|Cathedralis Orthodoxa Sancti Georgii [[Syriacus|Syriani]]
</gallery>

=== Situs Islamici in urbe vetere ===
* Coemeterium [[Bab Saghir]]
* Fanum [[Saladin]]um
* [[Meschita Sayyidah Ruqayya]]
* [[Meschita Umayyad]]
<gallery>
Fasciculus:Umayyad Mosque Damascus.jpg|Meschita Umayyad nocte visa
Fasciculus:Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque 01.jpg|Meschita Sayyidah Ruqayya
Fasciculus:Baab-Sagheer.jpg|Coemeterium Bab Saghir
Fasciculus:Saladin mouselum tomb Damascus.jpg|[[Mausoleum]] Saladini
</gallery>

== Pinacotheca ==
<gallery>
Fasciculus:Bab Touma Gate Damascus.jpg|Porta [[Bab Tuma]]
Fasciculus:Khan Asaad Basha.JPG|[[Khan As'ad Pasha]] renovatum
Fasciculus:Souq Medhat Pasha 02.jpg|[[Medhat Pasha Souq]] renovatum
Fasciculus:Al-Hamidiyah Souq 02.jpg|[[Al-Hamidiyah Souq]] renovatum
Fasciculus:October war panorama.jpg|Museum Panoramicum [[Bellum Octobris|Belli Octobris]]
Fasciculus:Sit Zaynab.JPG|[[Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque]], aditus principalis
Fasciculus:Bait Farhy Al-Moalem - Jewish Quarter Damascus.jpg|Domus vetus in quadtrao Iudaico
Fasciculus:Damascus from Qasiyon.JPG|Despectus in urbem ex [[Mons Qasiyon|Monte Qasiyon]]
Fasciculus:Umayyad Square, Damascus.jpg|Quadratum Umayyad
Fasciculus:Damascus general laz1.jpg|Conspectus in urbem nocte
</gallery>

== Clari cives ==

=== Nati ===

* [[1946]] - [[Iosephus Absi]], a die [[21 Iunii]] [[2017]] [[Patriarcha]] [[Antiochia]]e ecclesiae Graecae Catholicae Melkitae.

=== Mortui ===
* [[1862]] - [[Henricus Thomas Buckle]], [[historicus]]

== Notae ==
<div class="references-small"><references /></div>

== Bibliographia ==
* Aharoni, Yohanan, et Avi-Yonah, Michael. [[1977]]. ''The MacMillan Bible Atlas.'' Carta Ltd. ISBN 0-7318-1071-6.
* Burns, Ross. [[2005]]. [http://books.google.com/?id=1_bQTrpf62cC&dq=damascus ''Damascus: A History.''] Routledge. ISBN 0-415-27105-3, 9780415271059.
* Duchess of Hamilton, Jill. [[2002]]. ''First to Damascus: The story of the Australian Light Horse and Lawrence of Arabia.'' ISBN 0-7318-1071-6.
* {{Cite document|title=Il Minareto di Gesù|first1=Stefano|last1=Cammelli|publisher=Il Mulino|year=2006|ref=harv}}.
* Ernest Will, « Damas antique », ''[[Syria]]'', 71-1-2, 1994, pp. 1-43 [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/syria_0039-7946_1994_num_71_1_7368 Lire en ligne sur Persée].

;Opera Theodisce scripta
* {{RE|IV,2|2042|2048|Damaskos 1|[[Immanuel Benzinger]]|RE:Damaskos 1}}
* Klaus Stefan Freyberger: "Das kaiserzeitliche Damaskus: Schauplatz lokaler Tradition und auswärtiger Einflüsse." ''Damaszener Mitteilungen'' 11 (1999) pp. 123-138.
* Brigid Keenan: ''Damaskus. Verborgene Schätze im Orient''. Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-7630-2384-4.
* Hugh Kennedy: ''The Prophet and the age of the Caliphates. The Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century''. London 1986, ISBN 0-582-49312-9 (engl.)
* Carmella Pfaffenbach: ''Damaskus: Von der traditionellen orientalischen Stadt zur kulturell globalisierten Metropole des Südens''. In: Günter Meyer (Hrsg.): ''Die arabische Welt im Spiegel der Kulturgeographie''. Veröffentlichungen des Zentrums für Forschung zur arabischen Welt (ZEFAW) Band 1, Mainz 2004, pp. 62-69
* Wayne T. Pitard: ''Ancient Damaskus. A historical study of the Syrian city-state from earliest times until its fall to the Assyrians in 732 BC''. Winona Lake 1995, ISBN 0-931464-29-3 (engl.)
* Louis Pouzet: ''Damas au VIIe/XIIIe s. Vie et structures religieuses dans une métropole islamique''. Beyrouth 1988.
* Christian Reder, Simonetta Ferfoglia (Hrsg.): ''Transferprojekt Damaskus. urban orient-ation (Recherchen, Gespräche, Essays, deutsch/arabisch)'', Edition Transfer bei Springer Wien-New York 2003, ISBN 3-211-00460-2
* Jean Sauvaget: '' Les monuments historiques de Damas''. Beirut 1932
* Frank Rainer Scheck, Johannes Odenthal: ''Syrien. Hochkulturen zwischen Mittelmeer und Arabischer Wüste'', Ostfildern: DuMont, 5. Aufl. 2011, pp. 124-171 ISBN 978-3-7701-3978-1
* Michael Teupel: ''Damaskus - Syrien.'' International Travel Books, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-024099-7
* Wiegand, Theodor, ed. [[1921]]. ''Damaskus: Die antike Stadt.'' Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen des Deutsch-Türkisches Denkmalschutzkommando, 4. Berolini.
* Theodor Wiegand (Hrsg.): ''Damaskus: Die islamische Stadt'' (Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen des deutsch-türkischen Denkmalschutz-Kommandos, Heft 5), Berlin 1924
* Nicola Ziadeh: ''Damascus under the Mamluks''. Oklahoma 1964
;Commentarii
* Marie Fadel, [[Rafik Schami]]: ''Damaskus. Der Geschmack einer Stadt''. München 2009. ISBN 978-3-8363-0037-7
* Monika Haddad: ''Jasmin und Oliven''. Frankfurt 2004, ISBN 3-88939-721-2
* Lieve Joris: ''Die Tore von Damaskus''. Piper 2000.
* Rafik Schami: ''Das Geheimnis des Kalligraphen''. München 2008, ISBN 978-3-446-23051-4

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Damascus|Damascum}}
* [http://www.virtourist.com/asia/syria/damascus De urbe] apud situm virtourist.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120818201329/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197305/the.imperial.capital.htm Hitt, Philip K., ''The Imperial Capital'' (Saudi Aramco World, 1973),] apud situm saudiaramcoworld.com
* [http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/2001/syri2001.htm ICOMOS Heritage at Risk 2001/2002: Damascus, A Major Eastern Mediterranean Site at Risk]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140301211828/http://newsfromsyria.com/2008/04/20/the-destruction-of-the-old-city-part-three-exclusive/ "Syria, Historic Damascus: The Destruction of the Old City,"] apud situm newsfromsyria.com

{{Urbes Asiae maximae}}
{{Urbes Asiae capitales}}

{{1000 paginae}}

{{Myrias|Geographia}}

[[Categoria:Capita]]
[[Categoria:Regnum Seleucidarum]]
[[Categoria:Loci archaeologici Syriae]]
[[Categoria:Urbes sanctae]]
[[Categoria:Damascus|!]]
[[Categoria:Urbes Imperii Romani]]
[[Categoria:Urbes milies milium incolarum]]