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The following article is Open access
Test beam performance measurements for the Phase I upgrade of the CMS pixel detector
M. Dragicevic1, M. Friedl1, J. Hrubec1, H. Steininger1, A. Gädda2, J. Härkönen2, T. Lampén2, P. Luukka2, T. Peltola2, E. Tuominen2, E. Tuovinen2, A. Winkler2, P. Eerola3, T. Tuuva4, G. Baulieu5, G. Boudoul5, L. Caponetto5, C. Combaret5, D. Contardo5, T. Dupasquier5, G. Gallbit5, N. Lumb5, L. Mirabito5, S. Perries5, M. Vander Donckt5, S. Viret5, C. Bonnin6, L. Charles6, L. Gross6, J. Hosselet6, D. Tromson6, L. Feld7, W. Karpinski7, K. Klein7, M. Lipinski7, G. Pierschel7, M. Preuten7, M. Rauch7, M. Wlochal7, M. Aldaya8, C. Asawatangtrakuldee8, K. Beernaert8, D. Bertsche8, C. Contreras-Campana8, G. Eckerlin8, D. Eckstein8, T. Eichhorn8, E. Gallo8, J. Garay Garcia8, K. Hansen8, M. Haranko8, A. Harb8, J. Hauk8, J. Keaveney8, A. Kalogeropoulos8, C. Kleinwort8, W. Lohmann8, R. Mankel8, H. Maser8, G. Mittag8, C. Muhl8, A. Mussgiller8, D. Pitzl8, O. Reichelt8, M. Savitskyi8, P. Schütze8, V. Sola8, S. Spannagel8, R. Walsh8, A. Zuber8, H. Biskop9, P. Buhmann9, M. Centis-Vignali9, E. Garutti9, J. Haller9, M. Hoffmann9, R. Klanner9, T. Lapsien9, M. Matysek9, A. Perieanu9, Ch. Scharf9, P. Schleper9, A. Schmidt9, J. Schwandt9, J. Sonneveld9, G. Steinbrück9, B. Vormwald9, J. Wellhausen9, M. Abbas10, C. Amstutz10, T. Barvich10, Ch. Barth10, F. Boegelspacher10, W. De Boer10, E. Butz10, M. Casele10, F. Colombo10, A. Dierlamm10, B. Freund10, F. Hartmann10, S. Heindl10, U. Husemann10, A. Kornmeyer10, S. Kudella10, Th. Muller10, H.J. Simonis10, P. Steck10, M. Weber10, Th. Weiler10, T. Kiss11, F. Siklér11, T. Tölyhi11, V. Veszprémi11, P. Cariola12, D. Creanza12,14, M. De Palma12,13, G. De Robertis12, L. Fiore12, M. Franco12, F. Loddo12, G. Sala12, L. Silvestris12, G. Maggi12,14, S. My12,13, G. Selvaggi12,13, S. Albergo15,16, G. Cappello15,16, S. Costa15,16, A. Di Mattia15, F. Giordano15,16, R. Potenza15,16, M.A. Saizu15, A. Tricomi15,16, C. Tuve15,16, E. Focardi17,18, M.E. Dinardo19,20, S. Fiorendi19,20, S. Gennai19, S. Malvezzi19, R.A. Manzoni19,20, D. Menasce19, L. Moroni19, D. Pedrini19, P. Azzi21, N. Bacchetta21, D. Bisello21, M. Dall'Osso21,22, N. Pozzobon21,22, M. Tosi21,22, L. Alunni Solestizi23,24, M. Biasini23,24, G.M. Bilei23, C. Cecchi23,24, B. Checcucci23, D. Ciangottini23,24, L. Fanò23,24, C. Gentsos23, M. Ionica23, R. Leonardi23,24, E. Manoni23,24, G. Mantovani23,24, S. Marconi23,24, V. Mariani23,24, M. Menichelli23, A. Modak23,24, A. Morozzi23,24, F. Moscatelli23, D. Passeri23,24, P. Placidi23,24, V. Postolache23, A. Rossi23,24, A. Saha23, A. Santocchia23,24, L. Storchi23, D. Spiga23, K. Androsov25, P. Azzurri25, G. Bagliesi25, A. Basti25, T. Boccali25, L. Borrello25, F. Bosi25, R. Castaldi25, M. Ceccanti25, M.A. Ciocci25,26, R. Dell'Orso25, S. Donato25,27, G. Fedi25, A. Giassi25, M.T. Grippo25, F. Ligabue25,27, G. Magazzu25, P. Mammini25, F. Mariani25, E. Mazzoni25, A. Messineo25,26, A. Moggi25, F. Morsani25, F. Palla25, F. Palmonari25, A. Profeti25, F. Raffaelli25, A. Ragonesi25, A. Rizzi25,26, A. Soldani25, P. Spagnolo25, R. Tenchini25, G. Tonelli25,26, A. Venturi25, P.G. Verdini25, D. Abbaneo28, I. Ahmed28, E. Albert28, G. Auzinger28, G. Berruti28, J. Bonnaud28, J. Daguin28, A. D'Auria28, S. Detraz28, O. Dondelewski28, B. Engegaard28, F. Faccio28, N. Frank28, K. Gill28, A. Honma28, A. Kornmayer28, A. Labaza28, F. Manolescu28, I. McGill28, S. Mersi28, S. Michelis28, A. Onnela28, M. Ostrega28, S. Pavis28, A. Peisert28, J.-F. Pernot28, P. Petagna28, H. Postema28, K. Rapacz28, C. Sigaud28, P. Tropea28, J. Troska28, A. Tsirou28, F. Vasey28, B. Verlaat28, P. Vichoudis28, L. Zwalinski28, F. Bachmair29, R. Becker29, D. di Calafiori29, B. Casal29, P. Berger29, L. Djambazov29, M. Donega29, C. Grab29, D. Hits29, J. Hoss29, G. Kasieczka29, W. Lustermann29, B. Mangano29, M. Marionneau29, P. Martinez Ruiz del Arbol29, M. Masciovecchio29, M. Meinhard29, L. Perozzi29, U. Roeser29, A. Starodumov29, V. Tavolaro29, R. Wallny29, D. Zhu29, C. Amsler30, K. Bösiger30, L. Caminada30, F. Canelli30, V. Chiochia30, A. de Cosa30, C. Galloni30, T. Hreus30, B. Kilminster30, C. Lange30, R. Maier30, J. Ngadiuba30, D. Pinna30, P. Robmann30, S. Taroni30, Y. Yang30, W. Bertl31, K. Deiters31, W. Erdmann31, R. Horisberger31, H.-C. Kaestli31, D. Kotlinski31, U. Langenegger31, B. Meier31, T. Rohe31, S. Streuli31, P.-H. Chen32, C. Dietz32, F. Fiori32, U. Grundler32, W.-S. Hou32, R.-S. Lu32, M. Moya32, J.-F. Tsai32, Y.M. Tzeng32, D. Cussans33, J. Goldstein33, M. Grimes33, D. Newbold33, P. Hobson34, I.D. Reid34, G. Auzinger35, R. Bainbridge35, P. Dauncey35, G. Hall35, T. James35, A.-M. Magnan35, M. Pesaresi35, D.M. Raymond35, K. Uchida35, T. Durkin36, K. Harder36, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous36, M. Chertok37, J. Conway37, R. Conway37, C. Flores37, R. Lander37, D. Pellett37, F. Ricci-Tam37, M. Squires37, J. Thomson37, R. Yohay37, K. Burt38, J. Ellison38, G. Hanson38, M. Olmedo38, W. Si38, B.R. Yates38, A. Dominguez39, R. Bartek39, B. Bentele40, J.P. Cumalat40, W.T. Ford40, F. Jensen40, A. Johnson40, M. Krohn40, S. Leontsinis40, T. Mulholland40, K. Stenson40, S.R. Wagner40, A. Apresyan41, G. Bolla41, K. Burkett41, J.N. Butler41, A. Canepa41, H.W.K. Cheung41, D. Christian41, W.E. Cooper41, G. Deptuch41, G. Derylo41, C. Gingu41, S. Grünendahl41, S. Hasegawa41, J. Hoff41, J. Howell41, M. Hrycyk41, S. Jindariani41, M. Johnson41, F. Kahlid41, S. Kwan41, C.M. Lei41, R. Lipton41, R. Lopes De Sá41, T. Liu41, S. Los41, M. Matulik41, P. Merkel41, S. Nahn41, A. Prosser41, R. Rivera41, B. Schneider41, G. Sellberg41, A. Shenai41, K. Siehl41, L. Spiegel41, N. Tran41, L. Uplegger41, E. Voirin41, D.R. Berry42, X. Chen42, L. Ennesser42, A. Evdokimov42, C.E. Gerber42, S. Makauda42, C. Mills42, I.D. Sandoval Gonzalez42, J. Alimena43, L.J. Antonelli43, B. Francis43, A. Hart43, C.S. Hill43, N. Parashar44, J. Stupak44, D. Bortoletto45, M. Bubna45, N. Hinton45, M. Jones45, D.H. Miller45, X. Shi45, P. Baringer46, A. Bean46, S. Khalil46, A. Kropivnitskaya46, D. Majumder46, E. Schmitz46, G. Wilson46, A. Ivanov47, R. Mendis47, T. Mitchell47, N. Skhirtladze47, R. Taylor47, I. Anderson48, D. Fehling48, A. Gritsan48, P. Maksimovic48, C. Martin48, K. Nash48, M. Osherson48, M. Swartz48, M. Xiao48, J.G. Acosta49, L.M. Cremaldi49, S. Oliveros49, L. Perera49, D. Summers49, K. Bloom50, D.R. Claes50, C. Fangmeier50, R. Gonzalez Suarez50, J. Monroy50, J. Siado50, E. Bartz51, Y. Gershtein51, E. Halkiadakis51, S. Kyriacou51, A. Lath51, K. Nash51, M. Osherson51, S. Schnetzer51, R. Stone51, M. Walker51, S. Malik52, S. Norberg52, J.E. Ramirez Vargas52, M. Alyari53, J. Dolen53, A. Godshalk53, C. Harrington53, I. Iashvili53, A. Kharchilava53, D. Nguyen53, A. Parker53, S. Rappoccio53, B. Roozbahani53, J. Alexander54, J. Chaves54, J. Chu54, S. Dittmer54, K. McDermott54, N. Mirman54, A. Rinkevicius54, A. Ryd54, E. Salvati54, L. Skinnari54, L. Soffi54, Z. Tao54, J. Thom54, J. Tucker54, M. Zientek54, B. Akgün55, K.M. Ecklund55, M. Kilpatrick55, T. Nussbaum55, J. Zabel55, P. D'Angelo56, W. Johns56, K. Rose57, S. Choudhury58, I. Korol58, C. Seitz58, A. Vargas Trevino58 and G. Dolinska58
A new pixel detector for the CMS experiment was built in order to cope with the instantaneous luminosities anticipated for the Phase I Upgrade of the LHC . The new CMS pixel detector provides four-hit tracking with a reduced material budget as well as new cooling and powering schemes. A new front-end readout chip mitigates buffering and bandwidth limitations, and allows operation at low comparator thresholds. In this paper, comprehensive test beam studies are presented, which have been conducted to verify the design and to quantify the performance of the new detector assemblies in terms of tracking efficiency and spatial resolution. Under optimal conditions, the tracking efficiency is 99.95 ± 0.05%, while the intrinsic spatial resolutions are 4.80 ± 0.25 μm and 7.99 ± 0.21 μm along the 100 μm and 150 μm pixel pitch, respectively. The findings are compared to a detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the pixel detector and good agreement is found.
published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License by IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation and DOI.
This article was updated on 26 July 2017 to correct the author list with a number of missing authors