[en] Glioblastomas account for almost half of all primary malignant tumors of the CNS. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the available data on etiology, classification, prognostic factors, methods of diagnosis and treatment. The main prognostic factors are the age of the patient (<65), the general condition of the patient according to the Karnofsky scale (>70), histological-molecular type and the MGMT promoter methylation status. Data on modern approaches to surgical removal of glioblastoma are presented. Data on the role of radiation therapy and the dependence of survival on dose, technique, fractionation regimens and the use of combined chemotherapy are also presented. The data on the use of chemotherapy, immunotherapy in combination with radiation therapy in adjuvant mode and also during relapses are considered. Despite modern treatments, the median survival does not exceed 14 months

[en] Precision medicine is an inevitable trend of medical development, and its essence is individualized medical treatment. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly heterogeneous, which is one of the important reasons that restrict the development of precise treatment for HCC. Radiogenomics aims to establish a predicting model by correlating the imaging characteristics with genetic data of tumor, which can be used to make the effective stratified management for HCC patients. At present, radiogenomics has already been used to manage some kinds of malignant tumors, such as glioma, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc. Radiogenomics is expected to play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, such as guiding puncture biopsy, formulating individualized treatment scheme, predicting drug response, and predicting the effect of interventional therapy. The aim of this paper is to discuss the application of radiogenomics in managing HCC through expounding the heterogeneity of HCC and reviewing the research progress in radiogenomics. (authors)

[en] In this report the fast neutron therapy applications were examined by thoroughly consideration of the fast neutron sources and the interactions of the fast neutron by the medium. The efficacy of fast neutron radiotherapy with that of patients with locally advanced tumours were compared. Radiological data indicate that fast neutrons could bring benefit in the treatment of some tumour types especially salivary glands, paranasal sinuses, soft tissue sarcomas, prostatic adenocarcinomas, palliative treatment of melanoma and rectum. There is a significant improvement in local/regional control for the neutron group, but no improvement in the survival. The neutron therapy is suggested through which this benefit could be achieved

[en] Recombinant human adenovirus p53 (Ad-p53)injection has been used for treating tumors in combination with several local therapeutic methods. Taking liver cancer as an example, this article introduces the combination of Ad-p53 in procedures of interventional therapy. Mechanisms of their effects are emphasized to pursue an optimal synergism in killing tumors. Intratumoral injection is suggested as the first choice of Ad- p53 administration with the least recommended dosage for a single tumor. The optimal time for intervention of liver cancer is supposed to be 2 to 5 days after the administration of Ad-p53. There are several theories on the therapeutic method taking p53 as a target, some of them are contradictional; therefore one has to select either activating or inhibiting the p53 pathway beforehand. For advanced malignancies, the selection should be cautious for appropriater cases from the proper candidates. (authors)

[en] In the present dissertation, neutron radiation techniques applied into organs of the human body are investigated as oncologic radiation therapy. The proposal treatment consists on connecting two distinct techniques: Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) and irradiation by discrete sources of neutrons, through the brachytherapy conception. Biological and radio-dosimetrical aspects of the two techniques are considered. Nuclear aspects are discussed, presenting the nuclear reactions occurred in tumoral region, and describing the forms of evaluating the dose curves. Methods for estimating radiation transmission are reviewed through the solution of the neutron transport equation, Monte Carlo methodology, and simplified analytical calculation based on diffusion equation and numerical integration. The last is computational developed and presented as a quickly way to neutron transport evaluation in homogeneous medium. The computational evaluation of the doses for distinct hypothetical situations is presented, applying the coupled techniques BNTC and brachytherapy as an possible oncologic treatment. (author). 78 refs., 61 figs., 21 tabs

[en] Basic requirements of BNCT for the neutron flux, background radiation level and other technology, have been searched by literature survey. Based on this survey, conceptual method and technology required to accomplish BNCT at HANARO are suggested. It is judged that silicon single crystal at the liquid nitrogen temperature should be used as a filter for the fast neutron and gamma. As there has been no experience to using this filter for BNCT and accurate cross-section library for low temperature single crystal silicon is not available, however, the neutron and gamma flux should be determined by experiment. It is expected that IR beam port is the best place at HANARO for this purpose, and that it will be convenient if a exposure room of which roof is the same level as the truck access area is made and the room between the truck access area and reactor hall is utilized as a simple operation area. 3 refs. (Author)

[en] Cancer is a malignant tumor that destroys healthy cells. Cancer treatment can be done by several methods, one of which is BNCT. BNCT uses ¹⁰B target which is injected into the human body, then it is irradiated with thermal or epithermal neutrons. Nuclear reaction will occur between boron and neutrons, producing alpha particle and lithium-7. The dose is estimated by how much boron and neutron should be given to the patient as a sum of number of boron, number of neutrons, number of protons, and number of gamma in the reaction of the boron and neutron. To calculate the dose, the authors simulated the reaction with Monte Carlo N Particle-X computer code. A water phantom was used to represent the human torso, as 75 % of human body consists of water. Geometry designed in MCNPX is in cubic form containing water and a cancer cell with a radius of 2 cm. Neutron irradiation is simulated as originated from Kartini research reactor, modeled in cylindrical form to represent its aperture. The resulting total dose rate needed to destroy the cancer cell in GTV is 2.0814 x 10¹⁴ Gy.s (76,38 %) with an irradiation time of 1,4414 x 10^-13 s. In PTV the dose is 5.2295 x 10¹³ Gy.s (19,19 %) with irradiation time of 5.7367 x 10^-13 s. In CTV, required dose is 1.1866 x 10¹³ Gy.s (4,35 %) with an irradiation time of 2.5283 x 10^-12 s. In the water it is 1.9128 x 10¹¹ Gy.s (0,07 %) with an irradiation time of 1,5684 x 10^-10 s. The irradiation time is extremely short since the modeling is based on water phantom instead of human body. (author)

[en] This article presents the result of irradiation in soft tissue and skeletal tissue. Irradiation performs in simulation with MCNP5. Neutron beam which is used to irradiate has ϕ_epithermal amount 1,03×108 n.cm²/s, ^D_f/ϕ_epithermal amount 5,94 × 10^-12 Gy.cm²/n, ^D_γ/ϕ_epithermal amount 3,79×10^-12 Gy.cm²/n, J/ϕ_epithermal amount 3,13 and ϕ_thermal/ϕ_epithermal amount 0,00. In quantity and quality, neutron beam does not fully qualify the criteria of IAEA. It is then used to irradiate soft tissue and skeletal tissue at the depth 13 cm. The irradiation result show that there is decline at ϕ_epithermal and ϕ_fast, and an increase the ϕ_thermal in both tissue. ϕ_thermal reaches a maximum at the depth of 2,00 cm from the surface of the skeletal tissue and 7,00 cm from the surface of the soft tissue. ^D_γ reaches a maximum amount at 6,82 × 10^-4 Gy in soft tissue and 5,47 ×10^-4 Gy in skeletal tissue. It shows that the neutron beam in quantity and quality does not qualify the criteria of IAEA, theoretically it can generate BNCT reaction in soft tissue and skeletal tissue at the depth of 2,00 - 7,00 cm, with contamination of small gamma radiation. (author)

[en] The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical response to neo-adjuvant hormonal therapy (NAHT) before radical external radiotherapy (EBRT) From june 1986 to June 1994, 105 patients with histologically proven and non-metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma (stage B2-C2) received a short induction hormonal therapy (median: 3 months) with a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analog associated with an anti-androgen followed in all cases by EBRT (66 Gy). All patients underwent a prostate-specific acid (PSA) determination, pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan and bone scan before the combined treatment. Response, treatment toxicity and PSA concentration were analyzed after the NAHT, 3 months after the completion of radiotherapy and every 6 months there after. Relapse was defined by PSA elevations above 4 ng/mL or two consecutive elevation above 1 ng/mL. Median follow-up was 52 months. According to the Withmore-Jewett clinical classification, 85 tumors were stage C. Pre-treatment PSA (PSAi) was above 20 ng/mL in 63.8 % of the patients (median PSAi: 26 ng/mL). A clinical evaluation and a PSA determination (PSAPH) were both performed for all patients after NAHT. Most of the time, urinary obstructive symptoms disappeared with androgen ablation; tumor volume regression exceed 50 % in 99 cases and was complete in 50 cases. Median PSAPH was 0.6 ng/mL for the entire group. Clinical and biochemical tumor response were coherent: 84 % of patients with clinical total remission had a PSAPH < 1 ng/mL. PSAPH value was significantly correlated with tumor stage and pre-treatment PSAi: among the 11 patients with a PSAPH > ng/mL, ten were stage and nine had a PSAi > 20 ng/mL. A PSAPH value exceeding 4 NG/mL predicted biochemical relapse (P<0.0001). We conclude that biochemical response to hormonal therapy has a major prognostic value before EBRT can help to identify patients for an adjuvant hormonal therapy. (authors)

No abstract available