Japan
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/125px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png)
Japan (Japanese: 日本; romanised ka nihon ma ọ bụ nippon) bụ obodo dị na East Asia. Ọ bụ otu ọtụtụ agwaetiti dị nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Korea, China na Russia. Oke osimiri Pasifik dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Japan na Oké Osimiri Japan dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ọtụtụ ndị bi na Japan bi n’otu n’ime àgwàetiti anọ ahụ. Nnukwu n'ime agwaetiti ndị a, Honshu, nwere ọtụtụ mmadụ. Honshu bụ agwaetiti nke asaa kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Tokyo bụ isi obodo Japan na nnukwu obodo ya.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Achọpụtara ndị mmadụ mbụ bi na agwaetiti Japan na Paleolithic, ihe dịka afọ 38-40,000 gara aga. Oge Jōmon, nke aha ya bụ ite ite ya nwere akara, sochiri oge Yayoi na narị afọ iri mbụ BC mgbe ewepụtara ihe ọhụrụ sitere n'Eshia. N'ime oge a, e dekọrọ aha mbụ edere edere na Japan n'akwụkwọ nke Han na narị afọ mbụ AD.
N'ihe dị ka narị afọ nke atọ BC, ndị Yayoi sitere na kọntinent ahụ kwagara na agwaetiti Japan wee webata teknụzụ ígwè na mmepeanya ọrụ ugbo. N'ihi na ha nwere mmepeanya ọrụ ugbo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Yayoi malitere itolite ngwa ngwa wee mebie ndị Jōmon, ndị obodo Japan bụ ndị na-achụ nta. N’agbata narị afọ nke anọ na nke itoolu, e ji nwayọọ nwayọọ jikọta ọtụtụ alaeze na ebo ndị Japan dị n’otu n’okpuru ọchịchị gọọmenti etiti, nke Eze Ukwu Japan na-achị aha ya. Usoro eze nke e hibere n'oge a na-aga n'ihu ruo taa, n'agbanyeghị na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ mmemme. Na 794, e hiwere isi obodo eze ọhụrụ na Heian-kyō (Kyoto nke oge a), na-akara mmalite nke oge Heian, nke dịgidere ruo 1185. A na-ewere oge Heian dị ka afọ ọla edo nke omenala ndị Japan oge gboo. Ndụ okpukpe ndị Japan site n'oge a gaa n'ihu bụ ngwakọta nke omume Shinto na okpukpe Buddha.
N'ime narị afọ ndị sochirinụ, ike nke ụlọ eze ahụ belatara, na-ebu ụzọ gafere na nnukwu ezinụlọ nke ndị isi obodo - ọkachasị ndị Fujiwara - wee gaa n'ebo ndị agha na ndị agha samurai. Agbụrụ Minamoto dị n'okpuru Minamoto no Yoritomo pụtara mmeri site na Agha Genpei nke 1180–85, na-emeri ndị agha ha na-emegide, Taira. Ka o nwesịrị ọchịchị, Yoritomo hiwere isi obodo ya na Kamakura wee were aha shogun. Na 1274 na 1281, Kamakura shogunate guzogidere mwakpo Mongol abụọ, ma na 1333, onye na-akwado ya meriri ya, na-ebute oge Muromachi. N'ime oge a, ndị agha mpaghara a na-akpọ daimō tolitere n'ike n'ihi shogun. N'ikpeazụ, Japan banyere n'oge agha obodo. N'ime njedebe nke narị afọ nke 16, Japan ejikọtaghachiri n'okpuru nduzi nke daimō Oda Nobunaga a ma ama na onye nọchiri ya, Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Mgbe Toyotomi nwụsịrị na 1598, Tokugawa Ieyasu bịara ọchịchị ma bụrụ eze ukwu họpụtara shōgun. Tokugawa shogunate, nke chịrị site na Edo (Tokyo nke oge a), na-elekọta oge ọganihu na udo nke a maara dị ka oge Edo (1600–1868). Ndị Tokugawa Shogunate tinyere usoro klaasị siri ike na ọha ndị Japan wee kwụsị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmekọrịta niile na mba ọzọ.
Portugal na Japan batara na 1543, mgbe ndị Portuguese ghọrọ ndị Europe mbụ rutere Japan site n'itinye aka na mpaghara ndịda. Ha nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na Japan, ọbụlagodi na mkparịta ụka mbụ a nwere oke, na-ewebata ngwa agha na agha Japan. Njem Perry nke Amerịka na 1853–54 kwụsịrị nhapụ Japan kpamkpam; nke a nyere aka na ọdịda nke shogunate na nlọghachi nke ọchịchị eze ukwu n'oge Agha Boshin na 1868. Ọchịchị ọhụrụ nke mba nke oge Meiji na-esote mere ka mba feudal dịpụrụ adịpụ ghọọ alaeze nke na-agbasochi usoro ọdịda anyanwụ anya wee ghọọ nnukwu obodo. ike. Ọ bụ ezie na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya tolitere na omenala ndị nkịtị ọgbara ọhụrụ gara n'ihu n'oge Taishō (1912–26), ndị agha Japan dị ike nwere nnwere onwe dị ukwuu ma merie ndị isi obodo Japan na 1920s na 1930s. Ndị agha Japan wakporo Manchuria na 1931, sitekwa n'afọ 1937, esemokwu ahụ mụbara ruo ogologo oge agha na China. Mwakpo Japan wakporo Pearl Harbor na 1941 dugara agha na United States na ndị ha na ha jikọrọ aka. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị agha Japan abawanyela oke, mana ndị agha kwụsịrị n'agbanyeghị mwakpo ikuku nke jikọrọ ọnụ nke mebiri ebe ndị mmadụ. Emperor Hirohito mara ọkwa na Japan ga-ahapụ n'August 15, 1945, na-esote bọmbụ atọm nke Hiroshima na Nagasaki na mbuso agha Soviet nke Manchuria.
Ndị Allies weghaara Japan ruo 1952, bụ́ mgbe e debere iwu ọhụrụ na 1947 nke mere ka Japan ghọọ ọchịchị eze. Mgbe 1955 gasịrị, Japan nwere nnukwu uto akụ na ụba n'okpuru ọchịchị nke Liberal Democratic Party, wee ghọọ ụlọ akụ na ụba ụwa. Kemgbe afọ iri furu efu nke 1990s, uto akụ na ụba Japan ebelatala.