Mjolnir
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Mjölnir (/ˈmjɔːlnɪər/, Bahasa Norse Kuno: Mjǫllnir [ˈmjɔlːnez̠]) adalah palu dewa guntur Thor dalam mitologi Nordik, digunakan baik sebagai senjata penghancur dan sebagai jimat ilahiah untuk memberikan berkah. Keberadaan palu tersebut dinyatakan dalam berbagai sumber, termasuk dalam jimat Kvinneby dari abad ke-11, dan Puisi Edda, kumpulan puisi eddik yang disusun pada abad ke-13, dan Prosa Edda, kumpulan prosa dan puisi yang disusun pada abad ke-13. Palu ini biasanya dipakai sebagai liontin selama Zaman Viking di lingkungan budaya Skandinavia, Thor dan palunya muncul di berbagai objek catatan arkeologi. Hari ini simbol tersebut banyak direferensikan di berbagai media dan dipakai lagi sebagai liontin oleh beberapa kelompok, termasuk penganut Neopaganisme Jermanik.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Beard, Katherine Suzanne. 2019. Hamarinn Mjǫllnir:The Eitri Database and the Evolution of the Hammer Symbol in Old Norse Mythology. MA database project. University of Iceland. Online. Last accessed January 18, 2021.
- Bellows, Henry Adams. Tarns. 1923. The Poetic Edda. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation.
- Blain, Jenny & Robert J. Wallace. 2006. "Representing Spirit: Heathenry, New-Indigenes and the Imaged Past" in Ian Russell, editor. Images, Representations and Heritage, p. 89-108. Springer. ISBN 0-387-32215-9
- Ellis Davidson, H. R.. 1964. Gods and Myths of Northern Europe. Penguin. ISBN 9780141941509
- Davidson, Hilda Ellis & Peter Fisher. 1996. Saxo Grammaticus: The History of the Danes, Books I-IX. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. ISBN 0-85991-502-6
- Faulkes, Anthony. 1987. Trans. Edda. Everyman. ISBN 0-460-87616-3
- Imer, Lisbeth M. 2017. "Gamle fund – nye opdagelser" [Old finds – new discoveries]. Die Faszination des Verborgenen und seine Entschlüsselung – Raði sāʀ kunni (in Danish). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-054738-2
- Larrington, Carolyne. 2014. The Poetic Edda. Revised edition. Oxford World's Classics. ISBN 978-0-19-967534-0
- MacLeod, Mindy & Bernard Mees. 2006. Runic Amulets and Magic Objects. Boydel & Brewer Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84383-205-8
- McKinnell, John; Simek, Rudolf; Düwel, Klaus (2004). "Gods and Mythological Beings in the Younger Futhark" (PDF). Runes, Magic and Religion: A Sourcebook. Studia Medievalia Septentrionalia. 10. Vienna: Fassbaender. ISBN 978-3-900538-81-1.
- "Runer bekræfter: Thors hammer er en hammer" [Runes confirm: Thor's hammer is a hammer]. Natmus.dk (in Danish and English). 12 June 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- Nordeide, Sæbjørg Walaker. 2006. "Thor's hammer in Norway" in Anders Andrén, editor. Old Norse Religion in Long-term Perspectives. Nordic Academic Press.
- Orchard, Andy. 1997. Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-34520-2
- Sawyer, Birgit. 2003. The Viking-Age Rune-Stones: Custom and Commemoration in Early Medieval Scandinavia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820643-7.
- Simek, Rudolf. 2007 [1993]. Translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. D.S. Brewer.
- Thorpe, Benjamin. Trans. 1866. Edda Sæmundar Hinns Frôða: The Edda of Sæmund the Learned. Part I. London: Trübner & Co.
- Williams, Howard. 2013. "Death, Memory, and Material Culture: Catalytic Commemoration and the Cremated Dead" in Sarah Tarlow and Liv Nilsson Stutz, editors. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956906-9
Pranala luar
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