Fregat (wahana antariksa): Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:Cebit 2011-fobos-grunt together with upper stage.jpg|jmpl|Pesawat antariksa Fobos-Grunt Rusia dengan tahap atas Fregat-SB.]] |
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[[File:Phobos Grunt base section model.jpg|thumb|300px]] |
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'''Fregat''' (Rusia: '''Фрегат''', frigate) adalah roket tahap atas dikembangkan oleh NPO Lavochkin pada 1990-an, yang digunakan dalam beberapa Soyuz dan roket Zenit. Mesin propelan cair menggunakan UDMH dan N2O4. |
'''Fregat''' (Rusia: '''Фрегат''', frigate) adalah [[roket tahap atas]] dikembangkan oleh [[NPO Lavochkin]] pada 1990-an, yang digunakan dalam beberapa [[Soyuz]] dan roket Zenit. Mesin propelan cair menggunakan UDMH dan N2O4. |
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Roket tahapan dapat direstart kembali hingga 25 kali, yang digunakan untuk menempatkan muatan seperti satelit Giove-B ke orbitnya. |
Roket tahapan dapat direstart kembali hingga 25 kali, yang digunakan untuk menempatkan muatan seperti satelit Giove-B ke orbitnya. |
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Penggunaan |
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=== Penggunaan === |
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Tahap Fregat saat ini digunakan sebagai tahap keempat beberapa kendaraan peluncuran Soyuz-FG. |
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Tahap Fregat saat ini digunakan sebagai tahap keempat beberapa kendaraan peluncuran [[Soyuz-FG]]. |
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Fregat adalah |
Fregat adalah wahana antariksa serbaguna: misalnya, selain penyisipan orbital, dapat digunakan sebagai tahap lepas escape untuk mengirim pesawat antariksa modern ke lintasan antarplanet (misalnya [[Venus Express]] dan [[Mars Express]]). |
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== Deskripsi == |
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Tahap atas Fregat dirancang untuk menyuntikkan muatan besar ke orbit geosinkron rendah, sedang, atau tinggi. Fregat adalah tahap atas yang serbaguna; selain penyisipan orbital, dapat digunakan sebagai tahap pelepasan untuk mengirim wahana antariksa modern ke lintasan antarplanet (misalnya Venus Express dan Mars Express). Tahap Fregat saat ini digunakan sebagai tahap keempat dari beberapa wahana peluncur Soyuz. Tahap ini dapat dinyalakan ulang hingga 7 kali. |
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NPO [[Lavochkin]] telah membangun banyak wahana antariksa, dan tahap Fregat mengikuti tradisi desain mereka. Bagian utama dari tahap ini adalah enam bola yang berpotongan yang ditempatkan pada satu bidang, empat di antaranya berisi propelan. Dua sisanya berisi peralatan kontrol. Mesin utama ditempatkan di antara bola-bola tersebut, sehingga Fregat adalah tahap yang padat dengan diameter yang jauh lebih besar dari tingginya. Satu set delapan penyangga melalui tangki menyediakan titik pemasangan untuk muatan, dan juga mentransfer beban dorong ke peluncur. Tahap Fregat tidak bergantung pada tahap-tahap di bawahnya, karena memiliki sistem panduan, navigasi, kendali sikap, pelacakan, dan telemetri sendiri. Fregat menggunakan propelan yang dapat disimpan (UDMH/NTO) dan dapat dinyalakan ulang hingga 7 kali selama penerbangan – yang memungkinkannya untuk menjalankan profil misi yang kompleks. Fregat dapat menyediakan stabilisasi tiga sumbu atau putaran muatan pesawat antariksa. |
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== Fitur utama == |
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• Otonom – menjalankan seluruh proses pengiriman muatan sendiri tanpa bantuan dari Bumi |
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• Cerdas – AI tahap atas diprogram untuk menghindari berbagai situasi darurat dengan algoritmanya sendiri |
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• Tepat – memberikan akurasi pengiriman hampir mutlak langsung ke orbit target, karena peralatan navigasinya berbasis Glonass dan GPS |
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• Kemampuan memulai beberapa kali – mesin dapat dihidupkan ulang hingga 7 kali, yang memungkinkan untuk memastikan pengiriman optimal atau mengirimkan beberapa muatan ke orbit target yang berbeda |
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• Serbaguna – tangki bahan bakar sedang dimuat sebelum dipasang di kompleks peluncuran, yang membuat Fregat kompatibel dengan kendaraan peluncur apa pun |
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• Masa pakai aktif hingga 2 hari |
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• Kemampuan untuk memulai dari empat pelabuhan antariksa: Baikonur, Vostochny, Plesetsk, dan Centre Spatial Guyanais |
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== Statistik peluncuran tahap atas Fregat == |
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{| class=wikitable |
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|- |
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! № |
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! Tanggal |
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! Nomor |
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! Modifikasi |
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! Misi |
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! Kendaraan peluncur |
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! Muatan |
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! Hasil |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 1 |
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| 2000/02/09 |
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| 1001 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST07 |
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| Soyuz-U |
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| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Full-size satellite layout,<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Inflatable Braking Device |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 2 |
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| 2000/03/20 |
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| 1002 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST08 |
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| Soyuz-U |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Dumsat |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 3 |
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| 2000/07/16 |
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| 1003 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST09 |
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| Soyuz-U |
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| {{Flagicon|European Union}} Cluster FM6,<br />{{Flagicon|European Union}} Cluster FM7 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 4 |
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| 2000/08/09 |
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| 1004 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST10 |
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| Soyuz-U |
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|{{Flagicon|European Union}} Cluster FM5,<br />{{Flagicon|European Union}} Cluster FM8 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 5 |
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| 2003/06/02 |
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| 1005 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST11 |
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| Soyuz-FG |
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| {{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Mars Express]],<br />{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Beagle 2]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 6 |
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| 2003/12/27 |
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| 1006 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST12 |
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| Soyuz-FG |
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|{{Flagicon|Israel}} AMOS-2 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 7 |
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| 2005/08/13 |
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| 1007 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST13 |
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| Soyuz-FG |
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| {{Flagicon|USA}} Galaxy 14 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 8 |
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| 2005/11/09 |
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| 1010 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST14 |
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| Soyuz-FG |
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|{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Venus Express]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 9 |
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| 2005/12/28 |
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| 1009 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST15 |
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| Soyuz-FG |
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| {{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Galileo (satellite navigation)#First phase|GIOVE-A]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 10 |
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| 2006/10/19 |
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| 1011 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST16 |
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| Soyuz-2.1a |
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|{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[MetOp-A]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 11 |
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| 2006/12/24 |
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| 1012 |
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| Fregat |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-2.1a |
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| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Meridian (satellite)|Meridian]] № 11L |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 12 |
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| 2006/12/27 |
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| 1013 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST17 |
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| Soyuz-2.1b |
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|{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[CoRoT]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 13 |
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| 2007/05/29 |
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| 1016 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST18 |
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| Soyuz-FG |
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| {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Globalstar]] M065,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M069,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M071,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M072 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 14 |
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| 2007/10/20 |
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| 1015 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST19 |
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| Soyuz-FG |
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|{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Globalstar]] M066,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M067,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M068,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M070 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 15 |
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| 2007/12/14 |
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| 1015-2 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST20 |
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| Soyuz-FG |
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| {{Flagicon|Canada}} [[RADARSAT-2]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 16 |
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| 2008/04/26 |
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| 1008 |
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| Fregat |
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| ST21 |
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| Soyuz-FG |
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|{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Galileo (satellite navigation)#Second phase|GIOVE-B]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 17 |
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| 2009/05/21 |
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| 1018 |
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| Fregat |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-2.1a |
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| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Meridian (satellite)|Meridian]] № 12L |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 18 |
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| 2009/09/17 |
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| 1014 |
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| Fregat |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-2.1b |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Meteor-M No.1|Meteor-M № 1]],<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Sterkh]],<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Universitetsky-Tatyana-2]],<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[UGATUSAT]],<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[BLITS]],<br />{{Flagicon|India}} IRIS,<br />{{Flagicon|South Africa}} [[Sumbandila]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 19 |
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| 2010/10/19 |
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| 1023 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| ST22 |
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| Soyuz-2.1a |
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| {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Globalstar]] M073,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M074,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M075,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M076,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M077,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M079 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 20 |
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| 2010/11/02 |
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| 1022 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-2.1a |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Meridian (satellite)|Meridian]] № 13L |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 21 |
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| 2011/01/20 |
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| 2001 |
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| Fregat-SB |
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| – |
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| Zenith-3SLBF |
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| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Elektro-L No.1]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 22 |
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| 2011/02/26 |
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| 1035 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-2.1b |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-K]] № 11L |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 23 |
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| 2011/07/13 |
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| 1024 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| ST23 |
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| Soyuz-2.1a |
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| {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Globalstar]] M081,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M083,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M085,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M088,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M089,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M091 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 24 |
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| 2011/07/18 |
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| 2002 |
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| Fregat-SB |
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| – |
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| Zenith-3SLBF |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Spektr-R]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 25 |
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| 2011/10/02 |
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| 1045 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-2.1b |
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| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-M]] № 742 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 26 |
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| 2011/10/21 |
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| 1030 |
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| Fregat-MT |
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| VS01 |
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| Soyuz-ST-B |
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|{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] 1,<br />{{Flag|European Union}} Galileo 2 |
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|{{Success}} |
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<!-- |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| rowspan=2 align=right | — |
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| rowspan=2 | 2011/11/08 |
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| 2003 |
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| Fregat-SB |
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| - |
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| Zenith-3SLBF |
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| rowspan=2 | {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Fobos-Grunt]],<br />{{Flagicon|China}} [[Yinghuo-1]] |
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|- |
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| colspan=4 | Fregat was part of Interplanetary Probe |
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--> |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 27 |
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| 2011/11/28 |
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| 1046 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-2.1b |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-M]] № 746 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 28 |
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| 2011/12/17 |
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| 1021 |
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| Fregat |
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| VS02 |
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| Soyuz-ST-A |
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| {{Flagicon|France}} Pleiades-1A,<br />{{Flagicon|France}} ELISA W11,<br />{{Flagicon|France}} ELISA E12,<br />{{Flagicon|France}} ELISA W23,<br />{{Flagicon|France}} ELISA E24,<br />{{Flagicon|Chile}} [[SSOT (satellite)|SSOT]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 29 |
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| 2011/12/23 |
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| 1042 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-2.1b |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Meridian (satellite)|Meridian]] № 15L |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 30 |
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| 2011/12/28 |
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| 1027 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| ST24 |
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| Soyuz-2.1a |
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| {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Globalstar]] M080,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M082,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M084,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M086,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M090,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M092 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 31 |
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| 2012/07/22 |
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| 1019 |
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| Fregat |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-FG |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Kanopus-V]] № 1,<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Zond-PP (spacecraft)|Zond-PP]],<br />{{Flagicon|Belarus}} [[BelKA|BKA]],<br />{{Flagicon|Canada}} [[exactView-1]],<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[TET-1]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 32 |
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| 2012/09/17 |
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| 1037 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| ST25 |
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| Soyuz-2.1a |
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| {{Flagicon|European Union}} [[MetOp-B]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 33 |
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| 2012/10/12 |
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| 1031 |
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| Fregat-MT |
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| VS03 |
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| Soyuz-ST-B |
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|{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] 3,<br />{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 4 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 34 |
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| 2012/11/14 |
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| 1034 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-2.1a |
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| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Meridian (satellite)|Meridian]] № 16L |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 35 |
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| 2012/12/02 |
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| 1020 |
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| Fregat |
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| VS04 |
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| Soyuz-ST-A |
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|{{Flagicon|France}} [[Pleiades (satellite)|Pléiades-1B]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 36 |
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| 2013/02/06 |
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| 1029 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| ST26 |
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| Soyuz-2.1a |
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| {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Globalstar]] M078,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M093,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M094,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M095,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M096,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M097 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 37 |
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| 2013/04/26 |
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| 1047 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-2.1b |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-K]] № 747 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 38 |
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| 2013/06/25 |
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| 1041 |
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| Fregat-MT |
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| VS05 |
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| Soyuz-ST-B |
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| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[O3b]] FM1,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM2,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM4,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM5 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 39 |
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| 2013/12/19 |
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| 1040 |
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| Fregat-MT |
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| VS06 |
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| Soyuz-ST-B |
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| {{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Gaia spacecraft|Gaia]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 40 |
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| 2014/03/23 |
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| 112-01 |
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| Fregat-M |
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| – |
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| Soyuz-2.1b |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-M]] № 754 |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 41 |
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| 2014/04/03 |
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| 1038 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| VS07 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-A |
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|{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Sentinel-1A]] |
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|{{Success}} |
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|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
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| style="text-align:right;"| 42 |
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| 2014/06/14 |
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| 112-02 |
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| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-M]] № 755 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 43 |
|||
| 2014/07/08 |
|||
| 1025 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Meteor-M №2,<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Vernov,<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} {{ill|DX1 (satellite)|lt=DX1|ru|DX1}},<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} UKube-1,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} TechDemoSat-1,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} SkySat-2,<br />{{Flagicon|Norway}} AISSat-2 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 44 |
|||
| 2014/07/10 |
|||
| 1032 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS08 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[O3b]] FM3,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM6,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM7,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM8 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 45 |
|||
| 2014/08/22 |
|||
| 1039 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS09 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
| {{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] 5, <br />{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 6 |
|||
|{{Failure}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 46 |
|||
| 2014/10/30 |
|||
| 1026 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1a |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Meridian (satellite)|Meridian]] № 17L |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 47 |
|||
| 2014/11/30 |
|||
| 1044 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-K]] № 12L |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 48 |
|||
| 2014/12/18 |
|||
| 133-01 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS10 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[O3b]] FM9,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM10,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM11,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM12 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 49 |
|||
| 2015/03/27 |
|||
| 133-02 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS11 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
|{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] 7,<br />{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 8 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 50 |
|||
| 2015/09/11 |
|||
| 133-03 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS12 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
| {{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] 9,<br />{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 10 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 51 |
|||
| 2015/11/17 |
|||
| 1033 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[EKS (satellite system)|EKS]] № 1 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 52 |
|||
| 2015/12/11 |
|||
| 2004 |
|||
| Fregat-SB |
|||
| – |
|||
| Zenith-3SLBF |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Elektro-L No.2]] № 2 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 53 |
|||
| 2015/12/17 |
|||
| 133-04 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS13 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
|{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] 11,<br />{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 12 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 54 |
|||
| 2016/02/07 |
|||
| 112-03 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-M]] № 751 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 55 |
|||
| 2016/04/25 |
|||
| 133-08 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| VS14 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-A |
|||
|{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Sentinel-1B]] |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 56 |
|||
| 2016/05/24 |
|||
| 133-05 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS15 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
| {{Flagicon|European Union}} [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] 13,<br />{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 14 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 57 |
|||
| 2016/05/29 |
|||
| 112-04 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-M]] № 753 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 58 |
|||
| 2017/01/28 |
|||
| 133-07 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS16 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Hispasat 36W-1]] |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 59 |
|||
| 2017/05/18 |
|||
| 133-09 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| VS17 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-A |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[SES-15]] |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 60 |
|||
| 2017/05/25 |
|||
| 111–301 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[EKS (satellite system)|Tundra]] № 2 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 61 |
|||
| 2017/07/14 |
|||
| 122-02 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1a |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Kanopus-V-IK]],<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} MKA-N № 1,<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} MKA-N № 2,<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Mayak,<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Iskra-MAI-85,<br />{{Flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuador UTE-YUZGU»,<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} Flying Laptop,<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} TechnoSat,<br />{{Flagicon|Japan}} WNISAT-1R,<br />{{Flagicon|Norway}} NorSat-1,<br />{{Flagicon|Norway}} NorSat-2,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Flock-2k 1...48,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} CICERO 1...3,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} Corvus-BC 1...2,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Lemur-2]] 42...49,<br />{{Flagicon|USA |
|||
}} NanoACE |
|||
|{{Partial_failure}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 62 |
|||
| 2017/09/22 |
|||
| 112-05 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-M]] № 752 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 63 |
|||
| 2017/11/28 |
|||
| |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Meteor-M No.2|Meteor-M №2]],<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Baumanets-2,<br />{{Flagicon|Canada}} LEO Vantage 2,<br />{{Flagicon|Canada}} Helios-Wire BIU,<br />{{Flagicon|Japan}} IDEA-OSG 1,<br />{{Flagicon|Norway}} AISSat-3,<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} D-Star One,<br />{{Flagicon|Sweden}} SEAM,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Corvus-BC]] 3,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Lemur-2]] 58...67 |
|||
|{{Failure}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 64 |
|||
| 2017/12/26 |
|||
| 2006 |
|||
| Fregat-SB |
|||
| – |
|||
| Zenith-3SLBF |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Angola}} [[Angosat-1]] |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 65 |
|||
| 2018/02/01 |
|||
| 122-03 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1a |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Kanopus-V № 3,<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Kanopus-V № 4,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Lemur-2]] 74,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Lemur-2]] 75,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Lemur-2]] 76,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Lemur-2]] 77,<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[S-Net]] A,<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[S-Net]] B,<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[S-Net]] C,<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[S-Net]] D,<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} D-Star One |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 66 |
|||
| 2018/03/09 |
|||
| 133-06 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS18 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[O3b]] FM13,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM14,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM15,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM16 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 67 |
|||
| 2018/06/16 |
|||
| 112-06 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-M]] № 756 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 68 |
|||
| 2018/11/03 |
|||
| 112-08 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-M]] № 757 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 69 |
|||
| 2018/11/07 |
|||
| 133-14 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| VS19 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Europe}} [[MetOp-C]] |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 70 |
|||
| 2018/12/19 |
|||
| 133-10 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| VS20 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
| {{Flagicon|France}} [[Composante Spatiale Optique]] |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 71 |
|||
| 2018/12/27 |
|||
| 122-06 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1a |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Kanopus-V № 5,<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Kanopus-V № 6,<br />{{Flagicon|Japan}} GRUS-1,<br />{{Flagicon|South Africa}} ZACube-2, <br />{{Flagicon|Spain}} Lume-1,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Flock-3k]] 1...12,<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Lemur-2]] 88...95,<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} D-Star One iSat,<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} D-Star One Sparrow,<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} UWE-4,<br />{{Flagicon|Finland}} ICEYE-Dummy,<br />{{Flagicon|Israel}} SAMSON-Dummy 1...3 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 72 |
|||
| 2019/02/21 |
|||
| 112-07 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Egypt}} EgyptSat-A |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 73 |
|||
| 2019/02/27 |
|||
| 133-15 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| VS21 |
|||
|Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
|{{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb]]-0006,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb-0007,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb-0008,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb-0010,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb-0011,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb-0012 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 74 |
|||
| 2019/04/04 |
|||
| 133-17 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS22 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-B |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[O3b]] FM17,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM18,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM19,<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM20 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 75 |
|||
| 2019/05/27 |
|||
| 112-09 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-M]] № 758 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 76 |
|||
| 2019/07/05 |
|||
| 122-04 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Meteor-M No.2]]<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Sokrat<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} VDNH-80<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} AmurSat<br />{{Flagicon|Sweden}} SEAM-2.0<br />{{Flagicon|France}} MTCube<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} SONATE<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} Beesat 9...13<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} MOVE-IIb<br />{{Flagicon|Estonia}} TTU-101<br />{{Flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuador-UTE<br />{{Flagicon|USA}} El Camino Real<br />{{Flagicon|USA}}Lemur-2 100...107<br />{{Flagicon|Israel}} NSLSat-1<br />{{Flagicon|Thailand}} JAISAT-1<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} EXOCONNECT<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} LightSat<br />{{Flagicon|Czech Republic}} Lucky-7<br />{{Flagicon|Finland}} ICEYE X4<br />{{Flagicon|Finland}} ICEYE X5<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} CarboNIX<br />{{Flagicon|UK}} DoT 1 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 77 |
|||
| 2019/07/30 |
|||
| |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1a |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Meridian (satellite)|Meridian]] № 18L |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 78 |
|||
| 2019/09/26 |
|||
| |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[EKS (satellite system)|Tundra]] № 3 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 79 |
|||
| 2019/12/11 |
|||
| 112-10 |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Glonass-M]] № 759 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 80 |
|||
| 2019/12/18 |
|||
| |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| VS23 |
|||
| Soyuz-ST-A |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[COSMO-SkyMed]]<br />{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[CHEOPS]]<br />{{Flagicon|France}} EyeSat<br />{{Flagicon|France}} ANGELS<br />{{Flagicon|European Union}} [[OPS-SAT]] |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 81 |
|||
| 2020/02/07 |
|||
| |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| ST27 |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb]] (34 units) |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- style="vertical-align:top; height:21px" |
|||
| style="text-align:right;"| 82 |
|||
| 2020/02/20 |
|||
| |
|||
| Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1a |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Meridian (satellite)|Meridian]] № 19L |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|83 |
|||
|2020/03/17 |
|||
| |
|||
|Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
|Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[GLONASS-M|Glonass-M]] №760 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|84 |
|||
|2020/03/21 |
|||
| |
|||
|Fregat-M |
|||
|ST28 |
|||
|Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb satellite constellation|OneWeb]] (34 units) |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|85 |
|||
|2020/12/29 |
|||
| |
|||
|Fregat |
|||
|VS24 |
|||
|Soyuz ST-A |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UAE}} [[Falcon Eye 2]] |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|86 |
|||
|2021/02/28 |
|||
|122-07 |
|||
|Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
|Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Arktika-M]] №1 |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|87 |
|||
|2021/03/22 |
|||
|122-05 |
|||
|Fregat-M |
|||
| – |
|||
|Soyuz-2.1a |
|||
|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} [[CAS500]]-1<br />{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[ELSA-d]] Target, Chaser<br />{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[DMSAT-1]]<br />{{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Fukui Prefectural Satellite]]<br />{{Flagicon|Japan}} GRUS-1 × 3<br />{{Flagicon|Israel}} ADELIS-SAMSON x 3<br />{{Flagicon|Germany}} BeeSat × 4<br />{{Flagicon|Tunisia}} Challenge One<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} CubeSX-HSE<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} CubeSX-Sirius-HSE<br />{{Flagicon|Slovakia}} GRBAlpha<br />{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} Hiber-3<br />{{Flagicon|Canada}} Kepler-6,7<br />{{Flagicon|South Korea}} KMSL<br />{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} KSU_Cubesat<br />{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} LacunaSat-2b<br />{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} Shaheen Sat 17<br />{{Flagicon|Brazil}} NANOSATC-BR2<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} OrbiCraft-Zorkiy<br />{{Flagicon|South Korea}} Pumbaa, Timon<br />{{Flagicon|Italy}}{{Flagicon|Kenya}} WildTrackCube-SIMBA<br />{{Flagicon|Spain}} 3B5GSAT<br />{{Flagicon|Italy}} UNISAT-7<br />{{Flagicon|Thailand}} BCCSAT-1<br />{{Flagicon|Italy}} FEES<br />{{Flagicon|Argentina}} DIY<br />{{Flagicon|Hungary}}SMOG-1<br />{{Flagicon|Italy}} STECCO |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|88 |
|||
|2021/03/25 |
|||
|123-05 |
|||
|Fregat |
|||
|ST30 |
|||
|Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb satellite constellation|OneWeb]] (36 units) |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|89 |
|||
|2021/04/25 |
|||
|123-11 |
|||
|Fregat |
|||
|ST31 |
|||
|Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
|{{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb satellite constellation|OneWeb]] (36 units) |
|||
|{{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 90 |
|||
| 2021/05/28 |
|||
| 123-10 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| ST32 |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb satellite constellation|OneWeb]] (36 units) |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 91 |
|||
| 2021/07/01 |
|||
| 112-15 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| ST33 |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb satellite constellation|OneWeb]] (36 units) |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 92 |
|||
| 2021/08/21 |
|||
| 123-03 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| ST34 |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb satellite constellation|OneWeb]] (34 units) |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 93 |
|||
| 2021/09/14 |
|||
| 123-05 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| ST35 |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb satellite constellation|OneWeb]] (34 units) |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 94 |
|||
| 2021/10/14 |
|||
| 123-14 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| ST36 |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb satellite constellation|OneWeb]] (36 units) |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 95 |
|||
| 2021/11/25 |
|||
| 111–305 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[EKS (satellite system)|EKS-5]] |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 96 |
|||
| 2021/12/05 |
|||
| 133-13 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS26 |
|||
| Soyuz ST-B |
|||
| {{Flagicon|EU}} [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo FOC FM23]]<br />{{Flagicon|EU}} [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo FOC FM24]] |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 97 |
|||
| 2021/12/27 |
|||
| 123-04 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| ST37 |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb satellite constellation|OneWeb]] (36 units) |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 98 |
|||
| 2022/02/05 |
|||
| 111–401 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1a |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Neitron №1 |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 99 |
|||
| 2022/02/10 |
|||
| 133-19 |
|||
| Fregat-MT |
|||
| VS27 |
|||
| Soyuz ST-B |
|||
| {{Flagicon|UK}} [[OneWeb satellite constellation|OneWeb]] (34 units) |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 100 |
|||
| 2022/03/22 |
|||
| 111-? |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1a |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Meridian (satellite)|Meridian-M 10]] (20L) |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 101 |
|||
| 2022/07/07 |
|||
| 112-13 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[GLONASS-K]] [[List of GLONASS satellites|16]] |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 102 |
|||
| 2022/08/09 |
|||
| 123-06 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|Iran}} Khayyam<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} CubeXS-HSE-2<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} CYCLOPS<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Geoscan-Edelweiss<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} ISOI<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} KAI-1<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} KODIZ<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Kuzbass-300<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} MIET-AIS<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Polytech Universe-1, 2<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} ReshUCube-1<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Siren<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Skoltech B1, B2<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} UTMN<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} VIZARD-SS1 |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 103 |
|||
| 2022/10/10 |
|||
| 112-16 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[GLONASS-K]] [[List of GLONASS satellites|17]] |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 104 |
|||
| 2022/10/22 |
|||
| 142-503 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Gonets-M]] 23, 24, 25<br />{{Flagicon|Russia}} Skif-D |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 105 |
|||
| 2022/11/02 |
|||
| 111-306 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[EKS (satellite system)|EKS-6]] |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 106 |
|||
| 2022/11/28 |
|||
| 112-?? |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[GLONASS-M]] [[List of GLONASS satellites|761]] |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 107 |
|||
| 2023/05/26 |
|||
| 142-01 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1a |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Kondor (satellite)|Kondor-FKA]] №1 |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 108 |
|||
| 2023/06/27 |
|||
| 142-02 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Meteor (satellite)|Meteor-M]] №2-3<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Ahmat-1<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} ArcCube-01<br/>{{Flagicon|MYS}} A-SEANSAT-PG1<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Avion<br/>{{Flagicon|BLR}} BSUSat-2<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} CSTP-1.1, 1.2<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Cube-SX-HSE-3<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Impuls-1<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Khors-1, 2<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} KuzGTU-1<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Monitor-2, 3, 4<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Nanosond-1<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} NORBI 2<br/>{{Flagicon|UAE}} PHI-Demo<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Polytech Universe-3<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Rassvet-1 × 3<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} ReshUCube-2<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} SamSat-ION<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Saturn<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Sirius-SINP-3U<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} SITRO-AIS × 8<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} StratoSat TK-1<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Svyatobor-1<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} UmKa-1<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} UTMN-2<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Vizard-meteo<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Yarilo-3, 4<br/>{{Flagicon|RUS}} Zorkiy-2M |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 109 |
|||
| 2023/08/07 |
|||
| 112-23 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[GLONASS-K2]] [[List of GLONASS satellites|13L]] |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 110 |
|||
| 2023/08/10 |
|||
| 122-10 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Luna 25]] |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| 111 |
|||
| 2023/12/16 |
|||
| 122-11 |
|||
| Fregat |
|||
| – |
|||
| Soyuz-2.1b |
|||
| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Arktika-M No. 2 |
|||
| {{Success}} |
|||
|} |
|||
== Versi == |
|||
=== Fregat-M/Fregat-MT === |
|||
Tank Fregat-M/Fregat-MT memiliki tambahan berbentuk bola di bagian atas tank. Penambahan ini meningkatkan kemampuan muatan propelan dari 5.350 kilogram (11.790 pon) menjadi 6.640 kilogram (14.640 pon), tanpa menyebabkan perubahan lain pada dimensi fisik kendaraan. |
|||
=== Fregat-SB === |
|||
Versi yang disebut Fregat-SB dapat digunakan dengan wahana peluncur Zenit-2SB. Versi ini merupakan variasi Fregat-M dengan blok tank drop-off ("SBB" atau Сбрасываемый Блок Баков dalam bahasa Rusia) yang memungkinkan peningkatan kemampuan muatan. SBB berbentuk torus ini memiliki berat 360 kg (790 lb) dan berisi hingga 3.050 kg (6.720 lb) propelan. Berat kering total Fregat-SB (termasuk SBB) adalah 1.410 kg (3.110 lb) dan kapasitas daya angkut propelan maksimum adalah 10.150 kg (22.380 lb).<ref name="kosmonavtika">{{cite web|url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/lanceurs/fregat/tech/fregat-sb/fregat-sb.html|title=L'étage supérieur Fregat-SB : descriptif technique (in French)|publisher=Kosmonavtika.com|date=2012-12-12}}</ref><ref name="itartass_launch">{{cite web|url=http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=15877644|title=Russia meteo satellite Electro-L successfully orbited|publisher=ITAR-TASS|date=2011-01-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110122203013/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=15877644&PageNum=0|archive-date=2011-01-22}}</ref> |
|||
Fregat-SB diluncurkan pertama kali pada tanggal 20 Januari 2011, saat mengangkat satelit cuaca Elektro-L ke orbit geosinkron. |
|||
=== Semua versi data === |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
|||
|+ Fregat Upper Stage Family<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/East_Europe_1/Soyuz-2/Gallery/Fregat.htm|title=NPO Lavochkin's Fregat upper stage, Gallery|access-date=2015-08-05|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181450/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/East_Europe_1/Soyuz-2/Gallery/Fregat.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
! Stage |
|||
! Fregat |
|||
! Fregat-M |
|||
! Fregat-MT |
|||
! Fregat-SB |
|||
! Fregat-SBU |
|||
! Fregat-2 |
|||
|- |
|||
! Engine |
|||
| S5.92 || colspan="5" | S5.92 LN (Long Nozzle) |
|||
|- |
|||
! Total Launches |
|||
| 44 || 46 || 17 || 4 || – || – |
|||
|- |
|||
! Thrust (Low) |
|||
| {{cvt|13.73|kN}} || colspan="5" | {{cvt|13.96|kN}} |
|||
|- |
|||
! Thrust (High) |
|||
| {{cvt|19.61|kN}} || colspan="5" | {{cvt|20.01|kN}} |
|||
|- |
|||
! Specific Impulse (Low) |
|||
| 3,168 N*s/kg || colspan="5" | 3,222 N*s/kg |
|||
|- |
|||
! Specific Impulse (High) |
|||
| 3,207 N*s/kg || colspan="5" | 3,268 N*s/kg |
|||
|- |
|||
! Propellant (Max) |
|||
| {{cvt|5350|kg}} || {{cvt|6640|kg}} || {{cvt|7100|kg}} || {{cvt|10000|kg}} || {{cvt|10710|kg}} || {{cvt|12240|kg}} |
|||
|- |
|||
! Burn Time |
|||
| 1235...874 seconds || 1535...1085 seconds || 1640...1160 seconds || 2310...1635 seconds || 2475...1750 seconds || 2830...2000 seconds |
|||
|- |
|||
! Flow Rate |
|||
| colspan="6" | 4.3...6.1 kg/s |
|||
|- |
|||
! Total Impulse |
|||
| 16.9...17.2 MN*s || 21.4...21.7 MN*s || 22.9...23.2 MN*s || 32.2...32.7 MN*s || 34.5...35.0 MN*s || 39.4...40.0 MN*s |
|||
|} |
|||
== Lihat pula == |
|||
* [[Penerbangan antariksa orbital]] |
|||
* [[Wahana tunda antariksa]] |
|||
* [[Roket tahap atas]] |
|||
* [[Satelit]] |
|||
* [[Roket]] |
|||
* [[Apogee motor]] |
|||
* [[Roket multitahap]] |
|||
* [[Kendaraan peluncur luar angkasa]] |
|||
* [[Orbit]] |
|||
* [[Orbit geosinkron]] |
|||
* [[Orbit geostasioner]] |
|||
* [[Orbit transfer geostasioner]] |
|||
* [[Injeksi translunar]] |
|||
* [[Orbit transfer Hohmann]] |
|||
* [[Apsis]], titik terjauh apogee atau terdekat perigee sebuah objek dari pusat tarik-menarik dalam orbit elips, |
|||
* [[Mesin roket]] |
|||
* [[Oksidator]] |
|||
* [[Propelan]] |
|||
* [[Hipergolik (propelan)]] mudah menyala spontan ketika kontak kombinai komponen propelan eperti bahan bakar dan oksidator. |
|||
* [[Hydrazine|{{Chem|N|2|H|4}}]] Hydrazine |
|||
* [[Dinitrogen tetroxide|{{Chem|N|2|O|4}}]] Dinitrogen tetroxide |
|||
* [[Monomethylhydrazine|MMH]] Monomethylhydrazine |
|||
* [[Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine|UDMH]] Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine |
|||
* [[Hidrogen cair|LH<sub>2</sub>]] Hidrogen cair |
|||
* [[Oksigen cair|LOX]] Oksigen cair |
|||
* [[RP-1]] (Rocket Propellant 1 atau Refined Petroleum 1) bahan bakar cair untuk roket kendaraan peluncuran luar angkasa. |
|||
* [[Metana|{{Chem|C|H|4}}]] Metana cair |
|||
* [[Kriogenik (bahan bakar)]] propelan cair pada temperatur yang sangat rendah berupa cair gas seperti [[hidrogen cair]], untuk roket tahap pertama, tahap inti dan lainnya. |
|||
* [[Yuanzheng]] roket tahap atas [[CALT]] [[Tiongkok]] propelan hipergolik UDMH dan N2O4. |
|||
* [[Delta Cryogenic Second Stage]] roket tahap atas [[Boeing]] [[United Launch Alliance]] [[Amerika Serikat]][[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]] (Delta III) [[NASDA]] (design) [[Jepang]] propelan cair kriogenik LH2/LOX |
|||
* [[Centaur (tahapan roket)]] roket tahap atas [[United Launch Alliance]] [[Amerika Serikat]] propelan cair kriogenik LH2/LOX |
|||
* [[Briz (tahapan roket)]] roket tahap atas [[GKNPZ Khrunichev]] [[Rusia]] propelan cair hipergolik UDMH dan N2O4. |
|||
* [[CTS (tahapan roket)]] roket tahap atas [[CALT]] [[Tiongkok]] propelan padat HTPB / AP (SRM) dan cair hidrazin (pendorong monopropelan) |
|||
== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
||
* [http://www.laspace.ru/rus/fregat.php Fregat page on the manufacturer site] |
* [http://www.laspace.ru/rus/fregat.php Fregat page on the manufacturer site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403051048/http://www.laspace.ru/rus/fregat.php |date=2015-04-03 }} |
||
[[Kategori: |
[[Kategori:Wahana antariksa]] |
||
[[Kategori:Wahana antariksa Rusia]] |
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[[Kategori:Tahapan roket]] |
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[[Kategori:Roket tahap atas]] |
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[[Kategori:Wahana tunda antariksa]] |
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[[Kategori:Roket multitahap]] |
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[[Kategori:Penerbangan antariksa]] |
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[[Kategori:Lavochkin]] |
Revisi terkini sejak 19 November 2024 03.20
Fregat (Rusia: Фрегат, frigate) adalah roket tahap atas dikembangkan oleh NPO Lavochkin pada 1990-an, yang digunakan dalam beberapa Soyuz dan roket Zenit. Mesin propelan cair menggunakan UDMH dan N2O4.
Roket tahapan dapat direstart kembali hingga 25 kali, yang digunakan untuk menempatkan muatan seperti satelit Giove-B ke orbitnya.
Penggunaan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tahap Fregat saat ini digunakan sebagai tahap keempat beberapa kendaraan peluncuran Soyuz-FG.
Fregat adalah wahana antariksa serbaguna: misalnya, selain penyisipan orbital, dapat digunakan sebagai tahap lepas escape untuk mengirim pesawat antariksa modern ke lintasan antarplanet (misalnya Venus Express dan Mars Express).
Deskripsi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tahap atas Fregat dirancang untuk menyuntikkan muatan besar ke orbit geosinkron rendah, sedang, atau tinggi. Fregat adalah tahap atas yang serbaguna; selain penyisipan orbital, dapat digunakan sebagai tahap pelepasan untuk mengirim wahana antariksa modern ke lintasan antarplanet (misalnya Venus Express dan Mars Express). Tahap Fregat saat ini digunakan sebagai tahap keempat dari beberapa wahana peluncur Soyuz. Tahap ini dapat dinyalakan ulang hingga 7 kali.
NPO Lavochkin telah membangun banyak wahana antariksa, dan tahap Fregat mengikuti tradisi desain mereka. Bagian utama dari tahap ini adalah enam bola yang berpotongan yang ditempatkan pada satu bidang, empat di antaranya berisi propelan. Dua sisanya berisi peralatan kontrol. Mesin utama ditempatkan di antara bola-bola tersebut, sehingga Fregat adalah tahap yang padat dengan diameter yang jauh lebih besar dari tingginya. Satu set delapan penyangga melalui tangki menyediakan titik pemasangan untuk muatan, dan juga mentransfer beban dorong ke peluncur. Tahap Fregat tidak bergantung pada tahap-tahap di bawahnya, karena memiliki sistem panduan, navigasi, kendali sikap, pelacakan, dan telemetri sendiri. Fregat menggunakan propelan yang dapat disimpan (UDMH/NTO) dan dapat dinyalakan ulang hingga 7 kali selama penerbangan – yang memungkinkannya untuk menjalankan profil misi yang kompleks. Fregat dapat menyediakan stabilisasi tiga sumbu atau putaran muatan pesawat antariksa.
Fitur utama
[sunting | sunting sumber]• Otonom – menjalankan seluruh proses pengiriman muatan sendiri tanpa bantuan dari Bumi • Cerdas – AI tahap atas diprogram untuk menghindari berbagai situasi darurat dengan algoritmanya sendiri • Tepat – memberikan akurasi pengiriman hampir mutlak langsung ke orbit target, karena peralatan navigasinya berbasis Glonass dan GPS • Kemampuan memulai beberapa kali – mesin dapat dihidupkan ulang hingga 7 kali, yang memungkinkan untuk memastikan pengiriman optimal atau mengirimkan beberapa muatan ke orbit target yang berbeda • Serbaguna – tangki bahan bakar sedang dimuat sebelum dipasang di kompleks peluncuran, yang membuat Fregat kompatibel dengan kendaraan peluncur apa pun • Masa pakai aktif hingga 2 hari • Kemampuan untuk memulai dari empat pelabuhan antariksa: Baikonur, Vostochny, Plesetsk, dan Centre Spatial Guyanais
Statistik peluncuran tahap atas Fregat
[sunting | sunting sumber]№ | Tanggal | Nomor | Modifikasi | Misi | Kendaraan peluncur | Muatan | Hasil |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2000/02/09 | 1001 | Fregat | ST07 | Soyuz-U | Full-size satellite layout, Inflatable Braking Device |
Sukses |
2 | 2000/03/20 | 1002 | Fregat | ST08 | Soyuz-U | Dumsat | Sukses |
3 | 2000/07/16 | 1003 | Fregat | ST09 | Soyuz-U | Cluster FM6, Cluster FM7 |
Sukses |
4 | 2000/08/09 | 1004 | Fregat | ST10 | Soyuz-U | Cluster FM5, Cluster FM8 |
Sukses |
5 | 2003/06/02 | 1005 | Fregat | ST11 | Soyuz-FG | Mars Express, Beagle 2 |
Sukses |
6 | 2003/12/27 | 1006 | Fregat | ST12 | Soyuz-FG | AMOS-2 | Sukses |
7 | 2005/08/13 | 1007 | Fregat | ST13 | Soyuz-FG | Galaxy 14 | Sukses |
8 | 2005/11/09 | 1010 | Fregat | ST14 | Soyuz-FG | Venus Express | Sukses |
9 | 2005/12/28 | 1009 | Fregat | ST15 | Soyuz-FG | GIOVE-A | Sukses |
10 | 2006/10/19 | 1011 | Fregat | ST16 | Soyuz-2.1a | MetOp-A | Sukses |
11 | 2006/12/24 | 1012 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Meridian № 11L | Sukses |
12 | 2006/12/27 | 1013 | Fregat | ST17 | Soyuz-2.1b | CoRoT | Sukses |
13 | 2007/05/29 | 1016 | Fregat | ST18 | Soyuz-FG | Globalstar M065, Globalstar M069, Globalstar M071, Globalstar M072 |
Sukses |
14 | 2007/10/20 | 1015 | Fregat | ST19 | Soyuz-FG | Globalstar M066, Globalstar M067, Globalstar M068, Globalstar M070 |
Sukses |
15 | 2007/12/14 | 1015-2 | Fregat | ST20 | Soyuz-FG | RADARSAT-2 | Sukses |
16 | 2008/04/26 | 1008 | Fregat | ST21 | Soyuz-FG | GIOVE-B | Sukses |
17 | 2009/05/21 | 1018 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Meridian № 12L | Sukses |
18 | 2009/09/17 | 1014 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Meteor-M № 1, Sterkh, Universitetsky-Tatyana-2, UGATUSAT, BLITS, IRIS, Sumbandila |
Sukses |
19 | 2010/10/19 | 1023 | Fregat-M | ST22 | Soyuz-2.1a | Globalstar M073, Globalstar M074, Globalstar M075, Globalstar M076, Globalstar M077, Globalstar M079 |
Sukses |
20 | 2010/11/02 | 1022 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Meridian № 13L | Sukses |
21 | 2011/01/20 | 2001 | Fregat-SB | – | Zenith-3SLBF | Elektro-L No.1 | Sukses |
22 | 2011/02/26 | 1035 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-K № 11L | Sukses |
23 | 2011/07/13 | 1024 | Fregat-M | ST23 | Soyuz-2.1a | Globalstar M081, Globalstar M083, Globalstar M085, Globalstar M088, Globalstar M089, Globalstar M091 |
Sukses |
24 | 2011/07/18 | 2002 | Fregat-SB | – | Zenith-3SLBF | Spektr-R | Sukses |
25 | 2011/10/02 | 1045 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M № 742 | Sukses |
26 | 2011/10/21 | 1030 | Fregat-MT | VS01 | Soyuz-ST-B | Galileo 1, European Union Galileo 2 |
Sukses |
27 | 2011/11/28 | 1046 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M № 746 | Sukses |
28 | 2011/12/17 | 1021 | Fregat | VS02 | Soyuz-ST-A | Pleiades-1A, ELISA W11, ELISA E12, ELISA W23, ELISA E24, SSOT |
Sukses |
29 | 2011/12/23 | 1042 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Meridian № 15L | Sukses |
30 | 2011/12/28 | 1027 | Fregat-M | ST24 | Soyuz-2.1a | Globalstar M080, Globalstar M082, Globalstar M084, Globalstar M086, Globalstar M090, Globalstar M092 |
Sukses |
31 | 2012/07/22 | 1019 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-FG | Kanopus-V № 1, Zond-PP, BKA, exactView-1, TET-1 |
Sukses |
32 | 2012/09/17 | 1037 | Fregat-M | ST25 | Soyuz-2.1a | MetOp-B | Sukses |
33 | 2012/10/12 | 1031 | Fregat-MT | VS03 | Soyuz-ST-B | Galileo 3, Galileo 4 |
Sukses |
34 | 2012/11/14 | 1034 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Meridian № 16L | Sukses |
35 | 2012/12/02 | 1020 | Fregat | VS04 | Soyuz-ST-A | Pléiades-1B | Sukses |
36 | 2013/02/06 | 1029 | Fregat-M | ST26 | Soyuz-2.1a | Globalstar M078, Globalstar M093, Globalstar M094, Globalstar M095, Globalstar M096, Globalstar M097 |
Sukses |
37 | 2013/04/26 | 1047 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-K № 747 | Sukses |
38 | 2013/06/25 | 1041 | Fregat-MT | VS05 | Soyuz-ST-B | O3b FM1, O3b FM2, O3b FM4, O3b FM5 |
Sukses |
39 | 2013/12/19 | 1040 | Fregat-MT | VS06 | Soyuz-ST-B | Gaia | Sukses |
40 | 2014/03/23 | 112-01 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M № 754 | Sukses |
41 | 2014/04/03 | 1038 | Fregat-M | VS07 | Soyuz-ST-A | Sentinel-1A | Sukses |
42 | 2014/06/14 | 112-02 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M № 755 | Sukses |
43 | 2014/07/08 | 1025 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Meteor-M №2, Vernov, DX1 , UKube-1, TechDemoSat-1, SkySat-2, AISSat-2 |
Sukses |
44 | 2014/07/10 | 1032 | Fregat-MT | VS08 | Soyuz-ST-B | O3b FM3, O3b FM6, O3b FM7, O3b FM8 |
Sukses |
45 | 2014/08/22 | 1039 | Fregat-MT | VS09 | Soyuz-ST-B | Galileo 5, Galileo 6 |
Templat:Failure |
46 | 2014/10/30 | 1026 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Meridian № 17L | Sukses |
47 | 2014/11/30 | 1044 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-K № 12L | Sukses |
48 | 2014/12/18 | 133-01 | Fregat-MT | VS10 | Soyuz-ST-B | O3b FM9, O3b FM10, O3b FM11, O3b FM12 |
Sukses |
49 | 2015/03/27 | 133-02 | Fregat-MT | VS11 | Soyuz-ST-B | Galileo 7, Galileo 8 |
Sukses |
50 | 2015/09/11 | 133-03 | Fregat-MT | VS12 | Soyuz-ST-B | Galileo 9, Galileo 10 |
Sukses |
51 | 2015/11/17 | 1033 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | EKS № 1 | Sukses |
52 | 2015/12/11 | 2004 | Fregat-SB | – | Zenith-3SLBF | Elektro-L No.2 № 2 | Sukses |
53 | 2015/12/17 | 133-04 | Fregat-MT | VS13 | Soyuz-ST-B | Galileo 11, Galileo 12 |
Sukses |
54 | 2016/02/07 | 112-03 | Fregat-MT | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M № 751 | Sukses |
55 | 2016/04/25 | 133-08 | Fregat-M | VS14 | Soyuz-ST-A | Sentinel-1B | Sukses |
56 | 2016/05/24 | 133-05 | Fregat-MT | VS15 | Soyuz-ST-B | Galileo 13, Galileo 14 |
Sukses |
57 | 2016/05/29 | 112-04 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M № 753 | Sukses |
58 | 2017/01/28 | 133-07 | Fregat-MT | VS16 | Soyuz-ST-B | Hispasat 36W-1 | Sukses |
59 | 2017/05/18 | 133-09 | Fregat-M | VS17 | Soyuz-ST-A | SES-15 | Sukses |
60 | 2017/05/25 | 111–301 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Tundra № 2 | Sukses |
61 | 2017/07/14 | 122-02 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Kanopus-V-IK, MKA-N № 1, MKA-N № 2, Mayak, Iskra-MAI-85, Ecuador UTE-YUZGU», Flying Laptop, TechnoSat, WNISAT-1R, NorSat-1, NorSat-2, Flock-2k 1...48, CICERO 1...3, Corvus-BC 1...2, Lemur-2 42...49, NanoACE |
Templat:Partial failure |
62 | 2017/09/22 | 112-05 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M № 752 | Sukses |
63 | 2017/11/28 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Meteor-M №2, Baumanets-2, LEO Vantage 2, Helios-Wire BIU, IDEA-OSG 1, AISSat-3, D-Star One, SEAM, Corvus-BC 3, Lemur-2 58...67 |
Templat:Failure | |
64 | 2017/12/26 | 2006 | Fregat-SB | – | Zenith-3SLBF | Angosat-1 | Sukses |
65 | 2018/02/01 | 122-03 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Kanopus-V № 3, Kanopus-V № 4, Lemur-2 74, Lemur-2 75, Lemur-2 76, Lemur-2 77, S-Net A, S-Net B, S-Net C, S-Net D, D-Star One |
Sukses |
66 | 2018/03/09 | 133-06 | Fregat-MT | VS18 | Soyuz-ST-B | O3b FM13, O3b FM14, O3b FM15, O3b FM16 |
Sukses |
67 | 2018/06/16 | 112-06 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M № 756 | Sukses |
68 | 2018/11/03 | 112-08 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M № 757 | Sukses |
69 | 2018/11/07 | 133-14 | Fregat-M | VS19 | Soyuz-ST-B | MetOp-C | Sukses |
70 | 2018/12/19 | 133-10 | Fregat-M | VS20 | Soyuz-ST-B | Composante Spatiale Optique | Sukses |
71 | 2018/12/27 | 122-06 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Kanopus-V № 5, Kanopus-V № 6, GRUS-1, ZACube-2, Lume-1, Flock-3k 1...12, Lemur-2 88...95, D-Star One iSat, D-Star One Sparrow, UWE-4, ICEYE-Dummy, SAMSON-Dummy 1...3 |
Sukses |
72 | 2019/02/21 | 112-07 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | EgyptSat-A | Sukses |
73 | 2019/02/27 | 133-15 | Fregat-M | VS21 | Soyuz-ST-B | OneWeb-0006, OneWeb-0007, OneWeb-0008, OneWeb-0010, OneWeb-0011, OneWeb-0012 |
Sukses |
74 | 2019/04/04 | 133-17 | Fregat-MT | VS22 | Soyuz-ST-B | O3b FM17, O3b FM18, O3b FM19, O3b FM20 |
Sukses |
75 | 2019/05/27 | 112-09 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M № 758 | Sukses |
76 | 2019/07/05 | 122-04 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Meteor-M No.2 Sokrat VDNH-80 AmurSat SEAM-2.0 MTCube SONATE Beesat 9...13 MOVE-IIb TTU-101 Ecuador-UTE El Camino Real Lemur-2 100...107 NSLSat-1 JAISAT-1 EXOCONNECT LightSat Lucky-7 ICEYE X4 ICEYE X5 CarboNIX DoT 1 |
Sukses |
77 | 2019/07/30 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Meridian № 18L | Sukses | |
78 | 2019/09/26 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Tundra № 3 | Sukses | |
79 | 2019/12/11 | 112-10 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M № 759 | Sukses |
80 | 2019/12/18 | Fregat-M | VS23 | Soyuz-ST-A | COSMO-SkyMed CHEOPS EyeSat ANGELS OPS-SAT |
Sukses | |
81 | 2020/02/07 | Fregat-M | ST27 | Soyuz-2.1b | OneWeb (34 units) | Sukses | |
82 | 2020/02/20 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Meridian № 19L | Sukses | |
83 | 2020/03/17 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Glonass-M №760 | Sukses | |
84 | 2020/03/21 | Fregat-M | ST28 | Soyuz-2.1b | OneWeb (34 units) | Sukses | |
85 | 2020/12/29 | Fregat | VS24 | Soyuz ST-A | Falcon Eye 2 | Sukses | |
86 | 2021/02/28 | 122-07 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Arktika-M №1 | Sukses |
87 | 2021/03/22 | 122-05 | Fregat-M | – | Soyuz-2.1a | CAS500-1 ELSA-d Target, Chaser DMSAT-1 Fukui Prefectural Satellite GRUS-1 × 3 ADELIS-SAMSON x 3 BeeSat × 4 Challenge One CubeSX-HSE CubeSX-Sirius-HSE GRBAlpha Hiber-3 Kepler-6,7 KMSL KSU_Cubesat LacunaSat-2b Shaheen Sat 17 NANOSATC-BR2 OrbiCraft-Zorkiy Pumbaa, Timon WildTrackCube-SIMBA 3B5GSAT UNISAT-7 BCCSAT-1 FEES DIY SMOG-1 STECCO |
Sukses |
88 | 2021/03/25 | 123-05 | Fregat | ST30 | Soyuz-2.1b | OneWeb (36 units) | Sukses |
89 | 2021/04/25 | 123-11 | Fregat | ST31 | Soyuz-2.1b | OneWeb (36 units) | Sukses |
90 | 2021/05/28 | 123-10 | Fregat | ST32 | Soyuz-2.1b | OneWeb (36 units) | Sukses |
91 | 2021/07/01 | 112-15 | Fregat | ST33 | Soyuz-2.1b | OneWeb (36 units) | Sukses |
92 | 2021/08/21 | 123-03 | Fregat | ST34 | Soyuz-2.1b | OneWeb (34 units) | Sukses |
93 | 2021/09/14 | 123-05 | Fregat | ST35 | Soyuz-2.1b | OneWeb (34 units) | Sukses |
94 | 2021/10/14 | 123-14 | Fregat | ST36 | Soyuz-2.1b | OneWeb (36 units) | Sukses |
95 | 2021/11/25 | 111–305 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | EKS-5 | Sukses |
96 | 2021/12/05 | 133-13 | Fregat-MT | VS26 | Soyuz ST-B | Galileo FOC FM23 Galileo FOC FM24 |
Sukses |
97 | 2021/12/27 | 123-04 | Fregat | ST37 | Soyuz-2.1b | OneWeb (36 units) | Sukses |
98 | 2022/02/05 | 111–401 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Neitron №1 | Sukses |
99 | 2022/02/10 | 133-19 | Fregat-MT | VS27 | Soyuz ST-B | OneWeb (34 units) | Sukses |
100 | 2022/03/22 | 111-? | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Meridian-M 10 (20L) | Sukses |
101 | 2022/07/07 | 112-13 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | GLONASS-K 16 | Sukses |
102 | 2022/08/09 | 123-06 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Khayyam CubeXS-HSE-2 CYCLOPS Geoscan-Edelweiss ISOI KAI-1 KODIZ Kuzbass-300 MIET-AIS Polytech Universe-1, 2 ReshUCube-1 Siren Skoltech B1, B2 UTMN VIZARD-SS1 |
Sukses |
103 | 2022/10/10 | 112-16 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | GLONASS-K 17 | Sukses |
104 | 2022/10/22 | 142-503 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Gonets-M 23, 24, 25 Skif-D |
Sukses |
105 | 2022/11/02 | 111-306 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | EKS-6 | Sukses |
106 | 2022/11/28 | 112-?? | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | GLONASS-M 761 | Sukses |
107 | 2023/05/26 | 142-01 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1a | Kondor-FKA №1 | Sukses |
108 | 2023/06/27 | 142-02 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Meteor-M №2-3 Ahmat-1 ArcCube-01 A-SEANSAT-PG1 Avion BSUSat-2 CSTP-1.1, 1.2 Cube-SX-HSE-3 Impuls-1 Khors-1, 2 KuzGTU-1 Monitor-2, 3, 4 Nanosond-1 NORBI 2 PHI-Demo Polytech Universe-3 Rassvet-1 × 3 ReshUCube-2 SamSat-ION Saturn Sirius-SINP-3U SITRO-AIS × 8 StratoSat TK-1 Svyatobor-1 UmKa-1 UTMN-2 Vizard-meteo Yarilo-3, 4 Zorkiy-2M |
Sukses |
109 | 2023/08/07 | 112-23 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | GLONASS-K2 13L | Sukses |
110 | 2023/08/10 | 122-10 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Luna 25 | Sukses |
111 | 2023/12/16 | 122-11 | Fregat | – | Soyuz-2.1b | Arktika-M No. 2 | Sukses |
Versi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Fregat-M/Fregat-MT
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tank Fregat-M/Fregat-MT memiliki tambahan berbentuk bola di bagian atas tank. Penambahan ini meningkatkan kemampuan muatan propelan dari 5.350 kilogram (11.790 pon) menjadi 6.640 kilogram (14.640 pon), tanpa menyebabkan perubahan lain pada dimensi fisik kendaraan.
Fregat-SB
[sunting | sunting sumber]Versi yang disebut Fregat-SB dapat digunakan dengan wahana peluncur Zenit-2SB. Versi ini merupakan variasi Fregat-M dengan blok tank drop-off ("SBB" atau Сбрасываемый Блок Баков dalam bahasa Rusia) yang memungkinkan peningkatan kemampuan muatan. SBB berbentuk torus ini memiliki berat 360 kg (790 lb) dan berisi hingga 3.050 kg (6.720 lb) propelan. Berat kering total Fregat-SB (termasuk SBB) adalah 1.410 kg (3.110 lb) dan kapasitas daya angkut propelan maksimum adalah 10.150 kg (22.380 lb).[1][2]
Fregat-SB diluncurkan pertama kali pada tanggal 20 Januari 2011, saat mengangkat satelit cuaca Elektro-L ke orbit geosinkron.
Semua versi data
[sunting | sunting sumber]Stage | Fregat | Fregat-M | Fregat-MT | Fregat-SB | Fregat-SBU | Fregat-2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Engine | S5.92 | S5.92 LN (Long Nozzle) | ||||
Total Launches | 44 | 46 | 17 | 4 | – | – |
Thrust (Low) | 1.373 kN (309.000 lbf) | 1.396 kN (314.000 lbf) | ||||
Thrust (High) | 1.961 kN (441.000 lbf) | 2.001 kN (450.000 lbf) | ||||
Specific Impulse (Low) | 3,168 N*s/kg | 3,222 N*s/kg | ||||
Specific Impulse (High) | 3,207 N*s/kg | 3,268 N*s/kg | ||||
Propellant (Max) | 5.350 kg (11.790 pon) | 6.640 kg (14.640 pon) | 7.100 kg (15.700 pon) | 10.000 kg (22.000 pon) | 10.710 kg (23.610 pon) | 12.240 kg (26.980 pon) |
Burn Time | 1235...874 seconds | 1535...1085 seconds | 1640...1160 seconds | 2310...1635 seconds | 2475...1750 seconds | 2830...2000 seconds |
Flow Rate | 4.3...6.1 kg/s | |||||
Total Impulse | 16.9...17.2 MN*s | 21.4...21.7 MN*s | 22.9...23.2 MN*s | 32.2...32.7 MN*s | 34.5...35.0 MN*s | 39.4...40.0 MN*s |
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Penerbangan antariksa orbital
- Wahana tunda antariksa
- Roket tahap atas
- Satelit
- Roket
- Apogee motor
- Roket multitahap
- Kendaraan peluncur luar angkasa
- Orbit
- Orbit geosinkron
- Orbit geostasioner
- Orbit transfer geostasioner
- Injeksi translunar
- Orbit transfer Hohmann
- Apsis, titik terjauh apogee atau terdekat perigee sebuah objek dari pusat tarik-menarik dalam orbit elips,
- Mesin roket
- Oksidator
- Propelan
- Hipergolik (propelan) mudah menyala spontan ketika kontak kombinai komponen propelan eperti bahan bakar dan oksidator.
- N2H4 Hydrazine
- N2O4 Dinitrogen tetroxide
- MMH Monomethylhydrazine
- UDMH Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
- LH2 Hidrogen cair
- LOX Oksigen cair
- RP-1 (Rocket Propellant 1 atau Refined Petroleum 1) bahan bakar cair untuk roket kendaraan peluncuran luar angkasa.
- CH4 Metana cair
- Kriogenik (bahan bakar) propelan cair pada temperatur yang sangat rendah berupa cair gas seperti hidrogen cair, untuk roket tahap pertama, tahap inti dan lainnya.
- Yuanzheng roket tahap atas CALT Tiongkok propelan hipergolik UDMH dan N2O4.
- Delta Cryogenic Second Stage roket tahap atas Boeing United Launch Alliance Amerika SerikatMitsubishi Heavy Industries (Delta III) NASDA (design) Jepang propelan cair kriogenik LH2/LOX
- Centaur (tahapan roket) roket tahap atas United Launch Alliance Amerika Serikat propelan cair kriogenik LH2/LOX
- Briz (tahapan roket) roket tahap atas GKNPZ Khrunichev Rusia propelan cair hipergolik UDMH dan N2O4.
- CTS (tahapan roket) roket tahap atas CALT Tiongkok propelan padat HTPB / AP (SRM) dan cair hidrazin (pendorong monopropelan)
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Russia meteo satellite Electro-L successfully orbited". ITAR-TASS. 2011-01-21. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-22.
- ^ "NPO Lavochkin's Fregat upper stage, Gallery". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 2015-08-05.
- Fregat page on the manufacturer site Diarsipkan 2015-04-03 di Wayback Machine.