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Koordinat: 36°18′N 59°36′E / 36.300°N 59.600°E / 36.300; 59.600
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{{Infobox City
{{Infobox City
|official_name = مشهد {{br}} Masyhad
| official_name = Masyhad
|nickname =
| nickname =
|former_name = Sanabad (desa)
| former_name = Sanabad (desa)
|province_name = [[Razavi Khorasan]]
| province_name = [[Razavi Khorasan]]
|motto =
| motto = Masyhad: Smart City, City of Hope and Life
|image_skyline =
| image_skyline = ImamReza(A).jpg
|imagesize = 250px
| imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = Makam [[Ali ar-Ridha|Imam Reza]]
| image_caption = Makam [[Ali ar-Ridha|Imam Reza]]
|image_flag =
| image_flag =
|image_seal =
| image_seal =
|image_map = Mashhadmap.gif
| image_map =
|mapsize = 150px
| mapsize = 150px
|map_caption =
| map_caption = Mašhad-e moqaddas
|subdivision_type =
| subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name =
| subdivision_name = {{IRN}}
|leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = [[Saeed-Hashem Hashemy]]
| leader_name = [[Saeed-Hashem Hashemy]]
|established_title = Mashhad
| established_title = Mashyad-Sanabad-Tus
|established_date = 818 AD (Syahidnya Imam Reza)
| established_date = 818 AD (Syahidnya Imam Reza)
|area_magnitude =
| area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 27478 [http://www.ghasrhotel.com/khorasan.htm]
| area_total_km2 = 351
|area_total_sq_mi =
| area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_km2 = -
| area_land_km2 =
|area_land_sq_mi = -
| area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_km2 = -
| area_water_km2 =
|area_water_sq_mi = -
| area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent = -
| area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 = -
| area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi = -
| area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 = -
| area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi = -
| area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_total = 2,247,996 [http://khrw.ir/english/index_rep1.asp]
| population_total = 3,372,090<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amar.org.ir/english |title = Statistical Center of Iran > Home}}</ref>
|population_as_of = 02/10/2005
| population_as_of = 02/10/2005
| population_note = Lebih dari 20 juta peziarah dan wisatawan per tahun.<ref name="Imam Reza">{{cite web |title=Sacred Sites: Mashhad, Iran |url=http://www.sacredsites.com/middle_east/iran/mashad.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127181619/http://sacredsites.com/middle_east/iran/mashad.htm |archive-date=27 November 2010 |access-date=13 March 2006 |publisher=sacredsites.com}}</ref>
|population_note = Lebih dari 12 juta orang per tahun merupakan peziarah dan turis. [http://www.iranchamber.com/cities/mashhad/mashhad.php]
|population_metro = sekitar 1.686.000
| population_metro = sekitar 1.686.000
|population_urban = sekitar 562.000
| population_urban = sekitar 562.000
|population_density_km2 = 82
| population_density_km2 = 82
|population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_sq_mi =
|timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
| timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset = +3:30
| utc_offset = +03:30
|timezone_DST = ''not observed''
| timezone_DST = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +3:30
| utc_offset_DST = +04:30
|latd = 36.16| latNS = N
| latd = 36.16
|longd = 59.38| longEW = E
| latNS = N
|elevation_m = 985 [http://www.ghasrhotel.com/khorasan.htm]
| longd = 59.38
|elevation_ft =
| longEW = E
|website = http://www.Mashhad.ir
| elevation_m = 985
|footnotes =
| elevation_ft =
| website = {{URL|http://www.Mashhad.ir}}
| footnotes =
| coordinates = {{coord|36|18|N|59|36|E|region:IR|display=it}}
| pushpin_map = Iran
| pushpin_label_position = bottom <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| native_name = {{lang|fa|مشهد}}
}}
}}


'''Masyhad''' ({{lang-fa|مشهد|Mašhad}} {{IPA-fa|mæʃˈhæd||Fa-ir-mashhad_(1).ogg}}) adalah kota terpadat kedua di [[Iran]] dan ibu kota [[Provinsi Razavi Khorasan]]. Itu terletak di timur laut negara itu. Itu adalah oasis besar di sepanjang Jalan Sutra kuno yang menghubungkan dengan [[Merv]] ke timur. Kota ini dinamai menurut [[Makam Imam Reza]], [[Dua Belas Imam|Imam Syiah kedelapan]]. [[Ali ar-Ridha|Imam Reza]] dimakamkan di sebuah desa di Khorasan, yang kemudian mendapat nama Masyhad, yang berarti tempat kesyahidan. Setiap tahun, jutaan peziarah mengunjungi kuil Imam Reza. [[Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah|Khalifah Abbasiyah]] [[Harun Ar-Rasyid|Harun al-Rashid]] juga dimakamkan di tempat yang sama. Pada tanggal 30 Oktober 2009 (peringatan kesyahidan Imam Reza), Presiden Iran saat itu [[Mahmud Ahmadinejad]] menyatakan Masyhad sebagai "ibukota spiritual Iran".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=1&year=1388&month=8&day=9&id=281168 |script-title=fa: مشهد، پایتخت معنوی ایران اعلام شد | trans-title = Mashhad, Iran's spiritual capital | publisher = Khorasan newspaper | language = fa | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150707030446/http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=1&year=1388&month=8&day=9&id=281168 | archive-date = 7 July 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |script-title=fa:نام‌گذاري مشهد به عنوان پايتخت معنوي "Nombramiento de Mashhad como capital espiritual de Irán"|url=http://shahr.ir/fa/news/3841/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A|publisher=Shahr.ir|date=1 November 2009|access-date=26 October 2013|language=fa|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131026085822/http://shahr.ir/fa/news/3841/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A|archive-date=26 October 2013}}</ref>
{{CoorHeader|36|16||N|59|38||E|type:city}}

'''Masyhad''' (مشهد dalam [[Bahasa Persia]], dieja ''Meshad'' yang artinya ''tempat para syahid'') adalah kota kedua terbesar di [[Iran]] dan salah satu kota suci [[Syi'ah]]. Terletak pada koordinat {{coor dms|36|18||N|59|37||E|}}, sekitar 850 kilometer ke arah Timur [[Teheran]], dan ibukota provinsi [[Razavi Khorasan]]. Populasinya sebanyak 2.5 juta orang ([[2006]]) .
Mashhad dihuni oleh mayoritas orang Persia dan minoritas Kurdi dan Turkmen.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashhad</ref><ref>http://www.hewalname.com/ku/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Abbas%E2%80%93-Ali-Madih.-The-Kurds-of-Khorasan.pdf</ref>
{{Iran-geo-stub}}

==Galeri==
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Beberapa foto Masyhad">
File:RezaShrine.jpg|[[Makam Imam Reza]]
File:PromaSC.jpg|Mashhad adalah pusat perdagangan utama [[Kuma-kuma]] di Iran.
File:Shandiz.jpg|Produk [[Kriya]] dijual di Shandiz dan Torghabeh.
File:IranianHandicrafts.JPG|Beberapa [[Kriya]] Iran (pengerjaan logam) di Torghabeh.
File:Ferdosi.jpg|
File:Haruniyeh.JPG|Haruniyeh Dome in [[Tous]]
File:Malekshouse.jpg|Malek's House in Mashyad
File:خانه ی تاریخی داروغه.JPG|Daroogheh Rumah bersejarah
File:Stmesropchurch.jpg|[[Mesrob Mashtots|St. Mesrop]] Armenian church in Mashhad
File:آرامگاه خواجه ربیع (3).jpg|[[Al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym]] (Khajeh Rabie Tomb)
File:TousMuseum2.jpg|Tous Museum near Mashhad
File:Shandiz2.jpg|[[Shandiz]], a tourist town near Mashhad
File:Homa mashhad 2.jpg|Homa Hotel, Branch of [[Homa Hotel Group]]
File:Mashhadcountryside.jpg|Mashhad's countryside
File:Shashlik.jpg|[[Shashlik]], one of the [[Iranian cuisine|Iranian tasty foods]] in Mashhad
File:Pistols - Afsharid Empire.JPG|[[Pistol]]s from [[Afsharid Empire]] era at [[Nader Shah|Naderi]] Museum
File:OLOOM1.JPG|Faculty of Science, [[Ferdowsi University of Mashhad]]
File:UrbanRailwayMSHD.jpg|[[Mashhad Urban Railway]]
File:الماس شرق - panoramio.jpg|Almas Shargh (East Diamond) Shopping Center
File:Mashhad Metro Shariati Station 2.jpg|Mashhad Metro ([[Light rail|LRT]]) Station
File:Mashhad Metro Qaem Station line diagram.jpg|Mashhad Metro ([[Light rail|LRT]]) network sign
File:Mashhad Metro (Basij Station).jpg|Mashhad Metro Entrance and Urban Design
File:Mashhad Metro Vakilabad Station Highway entrance 1.jpg|City Signpost
File:Mashhad entrance at the end of Nouroz holidays 07.jpg|Imam Hossein Square
File:Mashhad Firefighter's Parade 02.jpg|Mashhad [[Firefighter]]'s Parade
File:Mashhad Firefighter's Parade 05.jpg|Mashhad [[Firefighter]]'s Parade
File:Firefighting training in Mashhad (3).jpg|Firefighting training in Mashhad
File:Mashad masjed khiyaboon.jpg|A mosque in Mashhad
File:Goharshad2.jpg|[[Goharshad Mosque]], Abbasid Ivan in Atiq yardFile:ImamReza07.jpg|An old photo of [[Goharshad Mosque]]
File:Khadem with lost daughter statute.jpg|Lost girl sculpture
File:Koore-Rastegar (3).jpg|Oven of Rastgar Moqaddam
File:Ferdowsi tomb4.jpg|[[Ferdowsi]] tomb
File:Ferdowsi tomb1.jpg|[[Ferdowsi]] tomb
File:Mashhad Metro (7).jpg|A Masterpiece in Mashhad metro station
File:Nadershahtomb.jpg|Tomb of Nader Shah
File:(((پدیده شاندیز))) - panoramio.jpg|Padideh Shandiz Tourism Center
File:ShandizPlano1.JPG|Shandiz Restaurant, serving traditional [[Iranian cuisine]]
File:Kang, Razavi Khorasan Iran (1).jpg|[[Kang, Razavi Khorasan|Kang]] countryside
File:Kang, Razavi Khorasan Iran (7).jpg|[[Kang, Razavi Khorasan|Kang]] countryside
File:Mashhad entrance at the end of Nouroz holidays 08.jpg
File:Mashhad entrance at the end of Nouroz holidays 03.jpg
File:Mashhad entrance at the end of Nouroz holidays 05.jpg
File:Mashhad entrance at the end of Nouroz holidays 01.jpg
File:Mashhad Solar Power Plant (3).jpg|Mashhad Solar Power Plant
File:Mashhad Farabi Hospital.jpg|Mashhad [[Al-Farabi|Farabi]] Hospital
File:Mashhad Mellat Park (1).jpg|Mashhad Mellat Park
File:Tulips in Mellat park of Mashhad 2020-04-10 04.jpg|Tulips in Mellat Park
File:پارک ملت(به یاد عکس گذشته)دNation Park - panoramio.jpg|Mellat Park
File:Night shot of MellatPark.jpg|Night shot of Mellat Park
File:Mashhad Arman Mal (10).jpg|Mashhad Arman Mall
File:Mashhad Arman Mal (14).jpg|Mashhad Arman Mall
File:Mashhad Metro 2020-05-26 11.jpg|Metro Boarding Card Charging Zone
File:Fervoja stacidomo en Maŝhado (Irano) 001.jpg|Railway Station Entrance
File:Railway Station Mashhad-IRAN - panoramio (1).jpg|Railway Station Front View
File:Railway Station Mashhad-IRAN - panoramio (2).jpg|Mashhad Railway Station - Panoramic
File:Mellat park.jpg|Mellat Park
File:Mashhad botanic garden 20190520 05.jpg|Mashhad Botanic Garden
File:Mashhad botanic garden 20190520 02.jpg
File:Koohsagi1.jpg|[[Kooh Sangi]]
File:Mashhad Airport by Tasnimnews 05.jpg|Mashhad Airport Terminal
File:Mashhad Airport by Tasnimnews 13.jpg|Mashhad Intl. Airport
File:Mashhad DSC00409.JPG|Almas Shargh Shopping Center
File:Mashhad Metro 2020-05-26 16.jpg|Mashhad Metro
File:Shetab1400.jpg|Mashhad [[Electric bus]] named Shetab
File:Irng043-Mashhad-nocny wypad do Meczetu.jpg|International 5 stars hotels near Imam Reza Holy Shrine
File:Snow in Mashhad - 17 December 2012 11.jpg|Snow in Mashhad.
File:Goharshad-mosque-mashhad-IRAN.jpg|[[Goharshad Mosque]]
</gallery>
{{wide image|Mashhad City in the morning.jpg|600px| Masyhad}}

==Kota kembar==
Masyhad adalah [[Kota kembar]] dengan:<ref>{{cite web|title=Town Twinning|url=https://en.mashhad.ir/portal_content/782528-Town-Twinning.html|website=mashhad.ir|publisher=Mashhad|access-date=2020-06-18|archive-date=2020-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027212121/http://en.mashhad.ir/portal_content/782528-Town-Twinning.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*{{flagicon|PAK}} [[Karachi]], Pakistan
*{{flagicon|IRQ}} [[Karbala]], Iraq
*{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia
*{{flagicon|PAK}} [[Lahore]], Pakistan
*{{flagicon|AFG}} [[Mazari Syarif]], Afghanistan
*{{flagicon|IRQ}} [[Najaf]], Iraq
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Ürümqi]], China
<!--rest - friendship, not twinning-->
{{div col end}}

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}


[[Kategori:Kota di Iran]]
[[Kategori:Kota di Iran]]

Revisi terkini sejak 12 Maret 2023 07.59

Masyhad
مشهد
Makam Imam Reza
Makam Imam Reza
Motto: 
Masyhad: Smart City, City of Hope and Life
Masyhad di Iran
Masyhad
Masyhad
Mašhad-e moqaddas
Koordinat: 36°18′N 59°36′E / 36.300°N 59.600°E / 36.300; 59.600
Country Iran
Mashyad-Sanabad-Tus818 AD (Syahidnya Imam Reza)
Pemerintahan
 • MayorSaeed-Hashem Hashemy
Luas
 • Kota351 km2 (136 sq mi)
Ketinggian
985 m (3,232 ft)
Populasi
 (02/10/2005)
 • Kota3.372.090[1]
 • Kepadatan82/km2 (210/sq mi)
 • Perkotaan
sekitar 562,000
 • Metropolitan
sekitar 1,686,000
 Lebih dari 20 juta peziarah dan wisatawan per tahun.[2]
Zona waktuUTC+03:30 (IRST)
 • Musim panas (DST)UTC+04:30 (IRST)
Situs webwww.mashhad.ir

Masyhad (bahasa Persia: مشهد [mæʃˈhæd] simakⓘ) adalah kota terpadat kedua di Iran dan ibu kota Provinsi Razavi Khorasan. Itu terletak di timur laut negara itu. Itu adalah oasis besar di sepanjang Jalan Sutra kuno yang menghubungkan dengan Merv ke timur. Kota ini dinamai menurut Makam Imam Reza, Imam Syiah kedelapan. Imam Reza dimakamkan di sebuah desa di Khorasan, yang kemudian mendapat nama Masyhad, yang berarti tempat kesyahidan. Setiap tahun, jutaan peziarah mengunjungi kuil Imam Reza. Khalifah Abbasiyah Harun al-Rashid juga dimakamkan di tempat yang sama. Pada tanggal 30 Oktober 2009 (peringatan kesyahidan Imam Reza), Presiden Iran saat itu Mahmud Ahmadinejad menyatakan Masyhad sebagai "ibukota spiritual Iran".[3][4]

Mashhad dihuni oleh mayoritas orang Persia dan minoritas Kurdi dan Turkmen.[5][6]

Galeri

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  • Beberapa foto Masyhad
  • Makam Imam Reza
    Makam Imam Reza
  • Mashhad adalah pusat perdagangan utama Kuma-kuma di Iran.
    Mashhad adalah pusat perdagangan utama Kuma-kuma di Iran.
  • Produk Kriya dijual di Shandiz dan Torghabeh.
    Produk Kriya dijual di Shandiz dan Torghabeh.
  • Beberapa Kriya Iran (pengerjaan logam) di Torghabeh.
    Beberapa Kriya Iran (pengerjaan logam) di Torghabeh.
  • Haruniyeh Dome in Tous
    Haruniyeh Dome in Tous
  • Malek's House in Mashyad
    Malek's House in Mashyad
  • Daroogheh Rumah bersejarah
    Daroogheh Rumah bersejarah
  • St. Mesrop Armenian church in Mashhad
    St. Mesrop Armenian church in Mashhad
  • Al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym (Khajeh Rabie Tomb)
    Al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym (Khajeh Rabie Tomb)
  • Tous Museum near Mashhad
    Tous Museum near Mashhad
  • Shandiz, a tourist town near Mashhad
    Shandiz, a tourist town near Mashhad
  • Homa Hotel, Branch of Homa Hotel Group
    Homa Hotel, Branch of Homa Hotel Group
  • Mashhad's countryside
    Mashhad's countryside
  • Shashlik, one of the Iranian tasty foods in Mashhad
    Shashlik, one of the Iranian tasty foods in Mashhad
  • Pistols from Afsharid Empire era at Naderi Museum
    Pistols from Afsharid Empire era at Naderi Museum
  • Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
    Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
  • Mashhad Urban Railway
    Mashhad Urban Railway
  • Almas Shargh (East Diamond) Shopping Center
    Almas Shargh (East Diamond) Shopping Center
  • Mashhad Metro (LRT) Station
    Mashhad Metro (LRT) Station
  • Mashhad Metro (LRT) network sign
    Mashhad Metro (LRT) network sign
  • Mashhad Metro Entrance and Urban Design
    Mashhad Metro Entrance and Urban Design
  • City Signpost
    City Signpost
  • Imam Hossein Square
    Imam Hossein Square
  • Mashhad Firefighter's Parade
    Mashhad Firefighter's Parade
  • Mashhad Firefighter's Parade
    Mashhad Firefighter's Parade
  • Firefighting training in Mashhad
    Firefighting training in Mashhad
  • A mosque in Mashhad
    A mosque in Mashhad
  • An old photo of Goharshad Mosque
    An old photo of Goharshad Mosque
  • Lost girl sculpture
    Lost girl sculpture
  • Oven of Rastgar Moqaddam
    Oven of Rastgar Moqaddam
  • Ferdowsi tomb
    Ferdowsi tomb
  • Ferdowsi tomb
    Ferdowsi tomb
  • A Masterpiece in Mashhad metro station
    A Masterpiece in Mashhad metro station
  • Tomb of Nader Shah
    Tomb of Nader Shah
  • Padideh Shandiz Tourism Center
    Padideh Shandiz Tourism Center
  • Shandiz Restaurant, serving traditional Iranian cuisine
    Shandiz Restaurant, serving traditional Iranian cuisine
  • Kang countryside
    Kang countryside
  • Kang countryside
    Kang countryside
  • Mashhad Solar Power Plant
    Mashhad Solar Power Plant
  • Mashhad Farabi Hospital
    Mashhad Farabi Hospital
  • Mashhad Mellat Park
    Mashhad Mellat Park
  • Tulips in Mellat Park
    Tulips in Mellat Park
  • Mellat Park
    Mellat Park
  • Night shot of Mellat Park
    Night shot of Mellat Park
  • Mashhad Arman Mall
    Mashhad Arman Mall
  • Mashhad Arman Mall
    Mashhad Arman Mall
  • Metro Boarding Card Charging Zone
    Metro Boarding Card Charging Zone
  • Railway Station Entrance
    Railway Station Entrance
  • Railway Station Front View
    Railway Station Front View
  • Mashhad Railway Station - Panoramic
    Mashhad Railway Station - Panoramic
  • Mellat Park
    Mellat Park
  • Mashhad Botanic Garden
    Mashhad Botanic Garden
  • Kooh Sangi
    Kooh Sangi
  • Mashhad Airport Terminal
    Mashhad Airport Terminal
  • Mashhad Intl. Airport
    Mashhad Intl. Airport
  • Almas Shargh Shopping Center
    Almas Shargh Shopping Center
  • Mashhad Metro
    Mashhad Metro
  • Mashhad Electric bus named Shetab
    Mashhad Electric bus named Shetab
  • International 5 stars hotels near Imam Reza Holy Shrine
    International 5 stars hotels near Imam Reza Holy Shrine
  • Snow in Mashhad.
    Snow in Mashhad.
  • Goharshad Mosque
    Goharshad Mosque
Masyhad

Kota kembar

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Masyhad adalah Kota kembar dengan:[7]

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  1. ^ "Statistical Center of Iran > Home". 
  2. ^ "Sacred Sites: Mashhad, Iran". sacredsites.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 November 2010. Diakses tanggal 13 March 2006. 
  3. ^ مشهد، پایتخت معنوی ایران اعلام شد [Mashhad, Iran's spiritual capital] (dalam bahasa Persia). Khorasan newspaper. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 July 2015. 
  4. ^ نام‌گذاري مشهد به عنوان پايتخت معنوي "Nombramiento de Mashhad como capital espiritual de Irán" (dalam bahasa Persia). Shahr.ir. 1 November 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 October 2013. Diakses tanggal 26 October 2013. 
  5. ^ https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashhad
  6. ^ http://www.hewalname.com/ku/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Abbas%E2%80%93-Ali-Madih.-The-Kurds-of-Khorasan.pdf
  7. ^ "Town Twinning". mashhad.ir. Mashhad. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-10-27. Diakses tanggal 2020-06-18. 
Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masyhad&oldid=23101722"