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BusyBox X+ The ultimate BusyBox installer The BusyBox binary is required for many rooted apps to work. BusyBox X is a busybox installer that completely installs the latest busybox 1.21.1 to your device.  Binary output: BusyBox v1.21.1 (2013-08-11 22:11:23 IST) multi-call binary. (BusyBox Distro for Android ARM/MIPS/x86 - BitCubate Apps) BusyBox is copyrighted by many authors between 1998-2013. Licensed under GPLv2. See source distribution for detailed copyright notices. Usage: busybox [function [arguments]...] or: busybox --list[-full] or: busybox --install [-s] [DIR] or: function [arguments]... BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix utilities into a single executable. Most people will create a link to busybox for each function they wish to use and BusyBox will act like whatever it was invoked as. For support contact Robert Nediyakalaparambil ([email protected]) or visit bitcubate.com Currently defined functions: [, [[, acpid, add-shell, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arp, arping, ash, awk, base64, basename, bbconfig, beep, blkid, blockdev, bootchartd, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot, chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, conspy, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd, dnsdomainname, dos2unix, dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, env, envdir, envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, fakeidentd, false, fbset, fbsplash, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fgconsole, fgrep, find, findfs, flash_eraseall, flash_lock, flash_unlock, flashcp, flock, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsync, ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd, hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id, ifconfig, ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, inotifyd, insmod, install, ionice, iostat, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr, lsmod, lsof, lspci, lsusb, lzcat, lzma, lzop, lzopcat, makedevs, makemime, man, md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.minix, mkfs.reiser, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modinfo, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, mpstat, mt, mv, nameif, nanddump, nandwrite, nbd-client, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, ntpd, od, openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress, pivot_root, pkill, pmap, popmaildir, poweroff, powertop, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pstree, pwd, pwdx, raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readlink, readprofile, realpath, reboot, reformime, remove-shell, renice, reset, resize, rev, rfkill, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, rtcwake, run-parts, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, seq, setarch, setconsole, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setserial, setsid, setuidgid, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha3sum, sha512sum, showkey, slattach, sleep, smemcap, softlimit, sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, svlogd, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, taskset, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, traceroute6, true, tty, ttysize, tunctl, tune2fs, ubiattach, ubidetach, ubimkvol, ubirmvol, ubirsvol, ubiupdatevol, udhcpc, udhcpc6, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlzma, unlzop, unxz, unzip, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, whoami, whois, xargs, xz, xzcat, yes, zcat, zcip Please find the BusyBox Binary and Applets/Command manual below: BusyBox 1.21.1 Manual NAMESYNTAXDESCRIPTIONUSAGECOMMON OPTIONSCOMMANDSCOMMAND DESCRIPTIONSLIBC NSSMAINTAINERAUTHORS NAME BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux SYNTAX busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked DESCRIPTION BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts. BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded system. BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration. After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX. USAGE BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common operations. You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering /bin/busybox ls will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary. For example, entering ln -s /bin/busybox ls ./ls will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run the 'make install' command. If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary. COMMON OPTIONS Most BusyBox applets support the --helpargument to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior. If the CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available. COMMANDS Currently available applets include: [, [[, acpid, add-shell, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arp, arping, ash, awk, base64, basename, bbconfig, beep, blkid, blockdev, bootchartd, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot, chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, conspy, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd, dnsdomainname, dos2unix, dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, env, envdir, envuidgid, ether-wake, expand, expr, fakeidentd, false, fbset, fbsplash, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fgconsole, fgrep, find, findfs, flash_eraseall, flash_lock, flash_unlock, flashcp, flock, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsync, ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd, hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id, ifconfig, ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, inotifyd, insmod, install, ionice, iostat, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr, lsmod, lsof, lspci, lsusb, lzcat, lzma, lzop, lzopcat, makedevs, makemime, man, md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.minix, mkfs.reiser, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modinfo, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, mpstat, mt, mv, nameif, nanddump, nandwrite, nbd-client, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, ntpd, od, openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress, pivot_root, pkill, pmap, popmaildir, poweroff, powertop, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pstree, pwd, pwdx, raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readlink, readprofile, realpath, reboot, reformime, remove-shell, renice, reset, resize, rev, rfkill, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, rtcwake, run-parts, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, seq, setarch, setconsole, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setserial, setsid, setuidgid, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha3sum, sha512sum, showkey, slattach, sleep, smemcap, softlimit, sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, svlogd, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, taskset, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, traceroute6, true, tty, ttysize, tunctl, tune2fs, ubiattach, ubidetach, ubimkvol, ubirmvol, ubirsvol, ubiupdatevol, udhcpc, udhcpc6, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlzma, unlzop, unxz, unzip, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, whoami, whois, xargs, xz, xzcat, yes, zcat, zcip COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS acpid acpid [-df] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-a ACTIONFILE] [-M MAPFILE] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE] [-p PIDFILE] Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival -d Log to stderr, not log file (implies -f) -f Run in foreground -c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi] -e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event] -l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid.log] -p FILE Pid file [/var/run/acpid.pid] -a FILE Action file [/etc/acpid.conf] -M FILE Map file [/etc/acpi.map] Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v add-shell add-shell SHELL... Add SHELLs to /etc/shells addgroup addgroup [-g GID] [USER] GROUP Add a group or add a user to a group -g GID Group id -S Create a system groupadduser adduser [OPTIONS] USER [GROUP] Create new user, or add USER to GROUP -h DIR Home directory -g GECOS GECOS field - Not Compatible with Android -s SHELL Login shell -G GRP Add user to existing group -S Create a system user -D Don't assign a password -H Don't create home directory -u UID User idadjtimex adjtimex [-q] [-o OFF] [-f FREQ] [-p TCONST] [-t TICK] Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See adjtimex(2) -q Quiet -o OFF Time offset, microseconds -f FREQ Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) (positive values make clock run faster) -t TICK Microseconds per tick, usually 10000 -p TCONSTar ar [-o] [-v] [-p] [-t] [-x] ARCHIVE FILES Extract or list FILES from an ar archive -o Preserve original dates -p Extract to stdout -t List -x Extract -v Verbosearp arp[-vn][-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -a [HOSTNAME][-v][-i IF] -d HOSTNAME [pub][-v][-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [temp][-v][-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [netmask MASK] pub[-v][-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -Ds HOSTNAME IFACE [netmask MASK] pub Manipulate ARP cache -a Display (all) hosts -s Set new ARP entry -d Delete a specified entry -v Verbose -n Don't resolve names -i IF Network interface -D Read <hwaddr> from given device -A,-p AF Protocol family -H HWTYPE Hardware address typearping arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP] DST_IP Send ARP requests/replies -f Quit on first ARP reply -q Quiet -b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast -D Duplicated address detection mode -U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors -A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors -c N Stop after sending N ARP requests -w TIMEOUT Time to wait for ARP reply, seconds -I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) -s SRC_IP Sender IP address DST_IP Target IP addressash ash [-/+OPTIONS] [-/+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 [ARGS]] / FILE [ARGS]] Unix shell interpreter awk awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]... -v VAR=VAL Set variable -F SEP Use SEP as field separator -f FILE Read program from FILEbase64 base64 [-d] [FILE] Base64 encode or decode FILE to standard output-dDecode data basename basename FILE [SUFFIX] Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from FILE bbconfig bbconfig Print the config file used by busybox build beep beep -f FREQ -l LEN -d DELAY -r COUNT -n -f Frequency in Hz -l Length in ms -d Delay in ms -r Repetitions -n Start new toneblkid blkid [BLOCKDEV]... Print UUIDs of all filesystems blockdev blockdev OPTION BLOCKDEV --setro Set ro --setrw Set rw --getro Get ro --getss Get sector size --getbsz Get block size --setbsz BYTES Set block size --getsz Get device size in 512-byte sectors --getsize64 Get device size in bytes --flushbufs Flush buffers --rereadpt Reread partition tablebootchartd bootchartd start [PROG ARGS]|stop|init Create /var/log/bootchart.tgz with boot chart data start: start background logging; with PROG, run PROG, then kill logging with USR1 stop: send USR1 to all bootchartd processes init: start background logging; stop when getty/xdm is seen (for init scripts) Under PID 1: as init, then exec $bootchart_init, /init, /sbin/init brctl brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [INTERFACE]] Manage ethernet bridges Commands: show Show a list of bridges addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE setageing BRIDGE TIME Set ageing time setfd BRIDGE TIME Set bridge forward delay sethello BRIDGE TIME Set hello time setmaxage BRIDGE TIME Set max message age setpathcost BRIDGE COST Set path cost setportprio BRIDGE PRIO Set port priority setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority stp BRIDGE [1/yes/on|0/no/off] STP on/offbunzip2 bunzip2 [-cf] [FILE]... Decompress FILEs (or stdin) -c Write to stdout -f Forcebzcat bzcat FILE Decompress to stdout bzip2 bzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]... Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm -1..9 Compression level -d Decompress -c Write to stdout -f Forcecal cal [-jy] [[MONTH] YEAR] Display a calendar -j Use julian dates -y Display the entire yearcat cat [FILE]... Concatenate FILEs and print them to stdout catv catv [-etv] [FILE]... Display nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x -e End each line with $ -t Show tabs as ^I -v Don't use ^x or M-x escapeschat chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND...]]] Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. A script consists of one or more "expect-send" pairs of strings, each pair is a pair of arguments. Example: chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~' chattr chattr [-R] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] [-v VERSION] [FILE]... Change file attributes on an ext2 fs Modifiers: - Remove attributes + Add attributes = Set attributes Attributes: A Don't track atime a Append mode only c Enable compress D Write dir contents synchronously d Don't backup with dump i Cannot be modified (immutable) j Write all data to journal first s Zero disk storage when deleted S Write file contents synchronously t Disable tail-merging of partial blocks with other files u Allow file to be undeleted -R Recurse -v Set the file's version/generation numberchgrp chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE... Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP -R Recurse -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets -L Traverse all symlinks to directories -H Traverse symlinks on command line only -P Don't traverse symlinks (default) -c List changed files -v Verbose -f Hide errorschmod chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst -R Recurse -c List changed files -v List all files -f Hide errorschown chown [-RhLHPcvf]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE... Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP -R Recurse -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets -L Traverse all symlinks to directories -H Traverse symlinks on command line only -P Don't traverse symlinks (default) -c List changed files -v List all files -f Hide errorschpasswd chpasswd [--md5|--encrypted] Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd -e,--encrypted Supplied passwords are in encrypted form -m,--md5 Use MD5 encryption instead of DESchpst chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR][-/ DIR] [-n NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N][-p N] [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] PROG ARGS Change the process state, run PROG -u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid -U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment -e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file -/ DIR Chroot to DIR -n NICE Add NICE to nice value -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -d BYTES Limit data segment -o N Limit number of open files per process -p N Limit number of processes per uid -f BYTES Limit output file sizes -c BYTES Limit core file size -v Verbose -P Create new process group -0 Close stdin -1 Close stdout -2 Close stderrchroot chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS] Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT chrt chrt [-prfom] [PRIO] [PID | PROG ARGS] Change scheduling priority and class for a process -p Operate on PID -r Set SCHED_RR class -f Set SCHED_FIFO class -o Set SCHED_OTHER class -m Show min/max prioritieschvt chvt N Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN cksum cksum FILES... Calculate the CRC32 checksums of FILES clear clear Clear screen cmp cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]] Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin) -l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal) for all differing bytes -s Quietcomm comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2 Compare FILE1 with FILE2 -1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1 -2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2 -3 Suppress lines common to both filesconspy conspy [-vcsndfFQ] [-x COL] [-y LINE] [CONSOLE_NO] A text-mode VNC like program for Linux virtual consoles. To exit, quickly press ESC 3 times. -v Don't send keystrokes to the console -c Create missing /dev/{tty,vcsa}N -s Open a SHELL session -n Black & white -d Dump console to stdout -f Follow cursor -F Assume console is on a framebuffer device -Q Disable exit on ESC-ESC-ESC -x COL Starting column -y LINE Starting linecp cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE... DEST Copy SOURCE(s) to DEST -a Same as -dpR -R,-r Recurse -d,-P Preserve symlinks (default if -R) -L Follow all symlinks -H Follow symlinks on command line -p Preserve file attributes if possible -f Overwrite -i Prompt before overwrite -l,-s Create (sym)linkscpio cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-H newc] [-tio] [-p DIR] [EXTR_FILE]... Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create an archive (-o) or copy files (-p) using file list on stdin Main operation mode: -t List -i Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all) -o Create (requires -H newc) -p DIR Copy files to DIR -d Make leading directories -m Preserve mtime -v Verbose -u Overwrite -F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file -H newc Archive formatcrond crond -fbS -l N -d N -L LOGFILE -c DIR -f Foreground -b Background (default) -S Log to syslog (default) -l Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8 -d Set log level, log to stderr -L Log to file -c Working dircrontab crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE] -c Crontab directory -u User -l List crontab -e Edit crontab -r Delete crontab FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)cryptpw cryptpw [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT] Crypt PASSWORD using crypt(3) -P,--password-fd=N Read password from fd N -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method -S,--salt=SALTcttyhack cttyhack [PROG ARGS] Give PROG a controlling tty if possible. Example for /etc/inittab (for busybox init): ::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh Giving controlling tty to shell running with PID 1: $ exec cttyhack sh Starting interactive shell from boot shell script: setsid cttyhack shcut cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]... Print selected fields from each input FILE to stdout -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST -c LIST Output only characters from LIST -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter -s Output only the lines containing delimiter -f N Print only these fields -n Ignoreddate date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME] Display time (using +FMT), or set time [-s,--set] TIME Set time to TIME -u,--utc Work in UTC (don't convert to local time) -R,--rfc-2822 Output RFC-2822 compliant date string -I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 compliant date string SPEC='date' (default) for date only, 'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and time to the indicated precision -r,--reference FILE Display last modification time of FILE -d,--date TIME Display TIME, not 'now' -D FMT Use FMT for -d TIME conversion Recognized TIME formats: hh:mm[:ss] [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss] YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss] [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss] 'date TIME' form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] insteaddc dc EXPRESSION... Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: +, add, -, sub, *, mul, /, div, %, mod, **, exp, and, or, not, xor, p - print top of the stack (without popping), f - print entire stack, o - pop the value and set output radix (must be 10, 16, 8 or 2). Examples: 'dc 2 2 add p' -> 4, 'dc 8 8 mul 2 2 + / p' -> 16 dd dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N] [obs=N] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N][seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync] Copy a file with converting and formatting if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time ibs=N Read N bytes at a time obs=N Write N bytes at a time count=N Copy only N input blocks skip=N Skip N input blocks seek=N Skip N output blocks conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file conv=noerror Continue after read errors conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824) deallocvt deallocvt [N] Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN delgroup delgroup [USER] GROUP Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP deluser deluser USER Delete USER from the system depmod depmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value]... -r Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean -q Quiet -v Verbose -f Force -w Wait for unload -s Report via syslog instead of stderrdevmem devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]] Read/write from physical address ADDRESS Address to act upon WIDTH Width (8/16/...) VALUE Data to be writtendf df [-Pkmhai] [-B SIZE] [FILESYSTEM]... Print filesystem usage statistics -P POSIX output format -k 1024-byte blocks (default) -m 1M-byte blocks -h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) -a Show all filesystems -i Inodes -B SIZE Blocksizedhcprelay dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2]... SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP] Relay DHCP requests between clients and server diff diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2 Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. This implementation supports unified diffs only. -a Treat all files as text -b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace -B Ignore changes whose lines are all blank -d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes -i Ignore case differences -L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header -N Treat absent files as empty -q Output only whether files differ -r Recurse -S Start with FILE when comparing directories -T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary -s Report when two files are the same -t Expand tabs to spaces in output -U Output LINES lines of context -w Ignore all whitespacedirname dirname FILENAME Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME dmesg dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE] Print or control the kernel ring buffer -c Clear ring buffer after printing -n LEVEL Set console logging level -s SIZE Buffer sizednsd dnsd [-dvs] [-c CONFFILE] [-t TTL_SEC] [-p PORT] [-i ADDR] Small static DNS server daemon -c FILE Config file -t SEC TTL -p PORT Listen on PORT -i ADDR Listen on ADDR -d Daemonize -v Verbose -s Send successful replies only. Use this if you want to use /etc/resolv.conf with two nameserver lines: nameserver DNSD_SERVER nameserver NORMAL_DNS_SERVERdos2unix dos2unix [-ud] [FILE] Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout. -u dos2unix -d unix2dosdpkg dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F OPT] PACKAGE Install, remove and manage Debian packages -i,--install Install the package -l,--list List of installed packages --configure Configure an unpackaged package -P,--purge Purge all files of a package -r,--remove Remove all but the configuration files for a package --unpack Unpack a package, but don't configure it --force-depends Ignore dependency problems --force-confnew Overwrite existing config files when installing --force-confold Keep old config files when installingdpkg-deb dpkg-deb [-cefxX] FILE [argument Perform actions on Debian packages (.debs) -c List contents of filesystem tree -e Extract control files to [argument] directory -f Display control field name starting with [argument] -x Extract packages filesystem tree to directory -X Verbose extractdu du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]... Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory -a Show file sizes too -L Follow all symlinks -H Follow symlinks on command line -d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N -c Show grand total -l Count sizes many times if hard linked -s Display only a total for each argument -x Skip directories on different filesystems -h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G) -m Sizes in megabytes -k Sizes in kilobytes (default)dumpkmap dumpkmap > keymap Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout dumpleases dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE] Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd -f,--file=FILE Lease file -r,--remaining Show remaining time -a,--absolute Show expiration timeecho echo [-neE] [ARG]... Print the specified ARGs to stdout -n Suppress trailing newline -e Interpret backslash escapes (i.e., \t=tab) -E Don't interpret backslash escapes (default)ed ed eject eject [-t] [-T] [DEVICE] Eject DEVICE or default /dev/cdrom -s SCSI device -t Close tray -T Open/close tray (toggle)env env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [PROG ARGS] Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the specified environment -, -i Start with an empty environment -u Remove variable from the environmentenvdir envdir DIR PROG ARGS Set various environment variables as specified by files in the directory DIR, run PROG envuidgid envuidgid USER PROG ARGS Set $UID to USER's uid and $GID to USER's gid, run PROG ether-wake ether-wake [-b] [-i iface] [-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]] MAC Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines. MAC must be a station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or a hostname with a known 'ethers' entry. -b Send wake-up packet to the broadcast address -i iface Interface to use (default eth0) -p pass Append four or six byte password PW to the packetexpand expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]... Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout -i,--initial Don't convert tabs after non blanks -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N charsexpr expr EXPRESSION Print the value of EXPRESSION to stdout EXPRESSION may be: ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: ARG1 - ARG2 ARG1 * ARG2 ARG1 / ARG2 ARG1 % ARG2 STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 length STRING Length of STRING quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a keyword like 'match' or an operator like '/' (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0. fakeidentd fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR] [STRING] Provide fake ident (auth) service -f Run in foreground -i Inetd mode -w Inetd 'wait' mode -b ADDR Bind to specified address STRING Ident answer string (default: nobody)false false Return an exit code of FALSE (1) fbset fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE] Show and modify frame buffer settings fbsplash fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV] [-i INIFILE] [-f CMD] -s Image -c Hide cursor -d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0) -i Config file (var=value): BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B -f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image) commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit'fdflush fdflush DEVICE Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change fdformat fdformat [-n] DEVICE Format floppy disk -n Don't verify after formatfdisk fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK Change partition table -u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) -l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit -b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors -C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors -H HEADS -S SECTORSfgconsole fgconsole Get active console find find [PATH]... [OPTIONS] [ACTIONS] Search for files and perform actions on them. First failed action stops processing of current file. Defaults: PATH is current directory, action is '-print' -follow Follow symlinks -xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems -maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies actions to command line arguments only -mindepth N Don't act on first N levels -depth Act on directory *after* traversing it Actions: ( ACTIONS ) Group actions for -o / -a ! ACT Invert ACT's success/failure ACT1 [-a] ACT2 If ACT1 fails, stop, else do ACT2 ACT1 -o ACT2 If ACT1 succeeds, stop, else do ACT2 Note: -a has higher priority than -o -name PATTERN Match file name (w/o directory name) to PATTERN -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name -path PATTERN Match path to PATTERN -ipath PATTERN Case insensitive -path -regex PATTERN Match path to regex PATTERN -type X File type is X (one of: f,d,l,b,c,...) -perm MASK At least one mask bit (+MASK), all bits (-MASK), or exactly MASK bits are set in file's mode -mtime DAYS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N), or exactly N days in the past -mmin MINS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N), or exactly N minutes in the past -newer FILE mtime is more recent than FILE's -inum N File has inode number N -user NAME/ID File is owned by given user -group NAME/ID File is owned by given group -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)) +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N -links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N), or exactly N -prune If current file is directory, don't descend into it If none of the following actions is specified, -print is assumed -print Print file name -print0 Print file name, NUL terminated -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by file name. Fails if CMD exits with nonzero -delete Delete current file/directory. Turns on -depth optionfindfs findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID flash_eraseall flash_eraseall [-jq] MTD_DEVICE Erase an MTD device -j Format the device for jffs2 -q Don't display progress messagesflash_lock flash_lock MTD_DEVICE OFFSET SECTORS Lock part or all of an MTD device. If SECTORS is -1, then all sectors will be locked, regardless of the value of OFFSET flash_unlock flash_unlock MTD_DEVICE Unlock an MTD device flashcp flashcp -v FILE MTD_DEVICE Copy an image to MTD device -v Verboseflock flock [-sxun] FD|{FILE [-c] PROG ARGS} [Un]lock file descriptor, or lock FILE, run PROG -s Shared lock -x Exclusive lock (default) -u Unlock FD -n Fail rather than waitfold fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]... Wrap input lines in each FILE (or stdin), writing to stdout -b Count bytes rather than columns -s Break at spaces -w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80free free [-b/k/m/g] Display the amount of free and used system memory freeramdisk freeramdisk DEVICE Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk fsck fsck [-ANPRTV] [-C FD] [-t FSTYPE] [FS_OPTS] [BLOCKDEV]... Check and repair filesystems -A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems -N Don't execute, just show what would be done -P With -A, check filesystems in parallel -R With -A, skip the root filesystem -T Don't show title on startup -V Verbose -C n Write status information to specified filedescriptor -t TYPE List of filesystem types to checkfsck.minix fsck.minix [-larvsmf] BLOCKDEV Check MINIX filesystem -l List all filenames -r Perform interactive repairs -a Perform automatic repairs -v Verbose -s Output superblock information -m Show "mode not cleared" warnings -f Force file system checkfsync fsync [-d] FILE... Write files' buffered blocks to disk -d Avoid syncing metadataftpd ftpd [-wvS] [-t N] [-T N] [DIR] Anonymous FTP server ftpd should be used as an inetd service. ftpd's line for inetd.conf: 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve It also can be ran from tcpsvd: tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve -w Allow upload -v Log errors to stderr. -vv: verbose log -S Log errors to syslog. -SS: verbose log -t,-T Idle and absolute timeouts DIR Change root to this directoryftpget ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE Download a file via FTP -c,--continue Continue previous transfer -v,--verbose Verbose -u,--username USER Username -p,--password PASS Password -P,--port NUM Portftpput ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE Upload a file to a FTP server -v,--verbose Verbose -u,--username USER Username -p,--password PASS Password -P,--port NUM Portfuser fuser [OPTIONS] FILE or PORT/PROTO Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs -m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs -4,-6 Search only IPv4/IPv6 space -s Don't display PIDs -k Kill found processes -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: KILL)getopt getopt [OPTIONS] [--] OPTSTRING PARAMS -a,--alternative Allow long options starting with single - -l,--longoptions=LOPT[,...] Long options to be recognized -n,--name=PROGNAME The name under which errors are reported -o,--options=OPTSTRING Short options to be recognized -q,--quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3) -Q,--quiet-output No normal output -s,--shell=SHELL Set shell quoting conventions -T,--test Test for getopt(1) version -u,--unquoted Don't quote the output Example: O=`getopt -l bb: -- ab:c:: "$@"` || exit 1 eval set -- "$O" while true; do case "$1" in -a) echo A; shift;; -b|--bb) echo "B:'$2'"; shift 2;; -c) case "$2" in "") echo C; shift 2;; *) echo "C:'$2'"; shift 2;; esac;; --) shift; break;; *) echo Error; exit 1;; esac done getty getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE[,BAUD_RATE]... TTY [TERMTYPE] Open TTY, prompt for login name, then invoke /bin/login -h Enable hardware RTS/CTS flow control -L Set CLOCAL (ignore Carrier Detect state) -m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message -n Don't prompt for login name -w Wait for CR or LF before sending /etc/issue -i Don't display /etc/issue -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue -l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login -t SEC Terminate after SEC if no login name is read -I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else -H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname BAUD_RATE of 0 leaves it unchanged grep grep [-HhnlLoqvsriwFE] [-m N] [-A/B/C N] PATTERN/-e PATTERN.../-f FILE [FILE]... Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin) -H Add 'filename:' prefix -h Do not add 'filename:' prefix -n Add 'line_no:' prefix -l Show only names of files that match -L Show only names of files that don't match -c Show only count of matching lines -o Show only the matching part of line -q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise -v Select non-matching lines -s Suppress open and read errors -r Recurse -i Ignore case -w Match whole words only -x Match whole lines only -F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp) -E PATTERN is an extended regexp -m N Match up to N times per file -A N Print N lines of trailing context -B N Print N lines of leading context -C N Same as '-A N -B N' -e PTRN Pattern to match -f FILE Read pattern from filegroups groups [USER] Print the group memberships of USER or for the current process gunzip gunzip [-cft] [FILE]... Decompress FILEs (or stdin) -c Write to stdout -f Force -t Test file integritygzip gzip [-cfd] [FILE]... Compress FILEs (or stdin) -d Decompress -c Write to stdout -f Forcehalt halt [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f] Halt the system -d SEC Delay interval -n Do not sync -f Force (don't go through init)hd hd FILE... hd is an alias for hexdump -C hdparm hdparm [OPTIONS] [DEVICE] -a Get/set fs readahead -A Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1) -b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) -B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255) -c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting -C Check IDE power mode status -d Get/set using_dma flag -D Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt -f Flush buffer cache for device on exit -g Display drive geometry -h Display terse usage information -i Display drive identification -I Detailed/current information directly from drive -k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) -K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) -L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) -m Get/set multiple sector count -n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) -p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) -P Set drive prefetch count -Q Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported) -r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) -R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) -S Set standby (spindown) timeout -t Perform device read timings -T Perform cache read timings -u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) -U Unregister an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) -v Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives -V Display program version and exit immediately -w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) -W Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) -x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS) -X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) -y Put IDE drive in standby mode -Y Put IDE drive to sleep -Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode -z Reread partition tablehead head [OPTIONS] [FILE]... Print first 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header. -n N[kbm] Print first N lines -c N[kbm] Print first N bytes -q Never print headers -v Always print headers N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2). hexdump hexdump [-bcCdefnosvxR] [FILE]... Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format -b One-byte octal display -c One-byte character display -C Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line -d Two-byte decimal display -e FORMAT_STRING -f FORMAT_FILE -n LENGTH Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input -o Two-byte octal display -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes -v Display all input data -x Two-byte hexadecimal display -R Reverse of 'hexdump -Cv'hostid hostid Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine hostname hostname [OPTIONS] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE] Get or set hostname or DNS domain name -s Short -i Addresses for the hostname -d DNS domain name -f Fully qualified domain name -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostnamehttpd httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM] [-h HOME] or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING Listen for incoming HTTP requests -i Inetd mode -f Don't daemonize -v[v] Verbose -p [IP:]PORT Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80) -u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port -r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication -h HOME Home directory (default .) -c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf) -m STRING MD5 crypt STRING -e STRING HTML encode STRING -d STRING URL decode STRINGhush hush [-nxl] [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 [ARGS]] / FILE [ARGS]] Unix shell interpreter hwclock hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [-t|--systz] [-l|--localtime] [-u|--utc] [-f|--rtc FILE] Query and set hardware clock (RTC) -r Show hardware clock time -s Set system time from hardware clock -w Set hardware clock from system time -t Set in-kernel timezone, correct system time if hardware clock is in local time -u Assume hardware clock is kept in UTC -l Assume hardware clock is kept in local time -f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)id id [OPTIONS] [USER] Print information about USER or the current user -u User ID -g Group ID -G Supplementary group IDs -n Print names instead of numbers -r Print real ID instead of effective IDifconfig ifconfig [-a] interface [address] Configure a network interface [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] [outfill NN] [keepalive NN] [hw ether ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti] [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic] [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] [up|down] ...ifdown ifdown [-anmvf] [-i FILE] IFACE... -a De/configure all interfaces automatically -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it (note: doesn't disable mappings) -m Don't run any mappings -v Print out what would happen before doing it -f Force de/configurationifenslave ifenslave [-cdf] MASTER_IFACE SLAVE_IFACE... Configure network interfaces for parallel routing -c,--change-active Change active slave -d,--detach Remove slave interface from bonding device -f,--force Force, even if interface is not Ethernetifplugd ifplugd [OPTIONS] Network interface plug detection daemon -n Don't daemonize -s Don't log to syslog -i IFACE Interface -f/-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up (otherwise exit on error) -a Don't up interface at each link probe -M Monitor creation/destruction of interface (otherwise it must exist) -r PROG Script to run -x ARG Extra argument for script -I Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script -p Don't run "up" script on startup -q Don't run "down" script on exit -l Always run script on startup -t SECS Poll time in seconds -u SECS Delay before running script after link up -d SECS Delay after link down -m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, iff, auto) -k Kill running daemonifup ifup [-anmvf] [-i FILE] IFACE... -a De/configure all interfaces automatically -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it (note: doesn't disable mappings) -m Don't run any mappings -v Print out what would happen before doing it -f Force de/configurationinetd inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [CONFFILE] Listen for network connections and launch programs -f Run in foreground -e Log to stderr -q N Socket listen queue (default: 128) -R N Pause services after N connects/min (default: 0 - disabled)init init Init is the parent of all processes inotifyd inotifyd PROG FILE1[:MASK]... Run PROG on filesystem changes. When a filesystem event matching MASK occurs on FILEn, PROG ACTUAL_EVENTS FILEn [SUBFILE] is run. If PROG is -, events are sent to stdout. Events: a File is accessed c File is modified e Metadata changed w Writable file is closed 0 Unwritable file is closed r File is opened D File is deleted M File is moved u Backing fs is unmounted o Event queue overflowed x File can't be watched anymore If watching a directory: m Subfile is moved into dir y Subfile is moved out of dir n Subfile is created d Subfile is deleted inotifyd waits for PROG to exit. When x event happens for all FILEs, inotifyd exits. insmod insmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value]... -r Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean -q Quiet -v Verbose -f Force -w Wait for unload -s Report via syslog instead of stderrinstall install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [SOURCE]... DEST Copy files and set attributes -c Just copy (default) -d Create directories -D Create leading target directories -s Strip symbol table -p Preserve date -o USER Set ownership -g GRP Set group ownership -m MODE Set permissionsionice ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID] [PROG] Change I/O priority and class -c Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle -n Priorityiostat iostat [-c] [-d] [-t] [-z] [-k|-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [INTERVAL [COUNT]] Report CPU and I/O statistics -c Show CPU utilization -d Show device utilization -t Print current time -z Omit devices with no activity -k Use kb/s -m Use Mb/sip ip [OPTIONS] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} {COMMAND} ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND} where OBJECT := {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link } | -o[neline] } ipaddr ipaddr { {add|del} IFADDR dev STRING | {show|flush}[dev STRING] [to PREFIX] } ipaddr {add|delete} IFADDR dev STRING ipaddr {show|flush} [dev STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN] IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR] [anycast ADDR] [label STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] SCOPE-ID := [host | link | global | NUMBER] ipcalc ipcalc [OPTIONS] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [NETMASK] Calculate IP network settings from a IP address -b,--broadcast Display calculated broadcast address -n,--network Display calculated network address -m,--netmask Display default netmask for IP -p,--prefix Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK -h,--hostname Display first resolved host name -s,--silent Don't ever display error messagesipcrm ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id] Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value. -mM Remove memory segment after last detach -qQ Remove message queue -sS Remove semaphoreipcs ipcs [[-smq] -i shmid] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]] -i Show specific resource Resource specification: -m Shared memory segments -q Message queues -s Semaphore arrays -a All (default) Output format: -t Time -c Creator -p Pid -l Limits -u Summaryiplink iplink { set DEVICE { up | down | arp { on | off } | show [DEVICE] } iplink set DEVICE { up | down | arp | multicast { on | off } | dynamic { on | off } | mtu MTU } iplink show [DEVICE] iproute iproute { list | flush | add | del | change | append |replace | test } ROUTE iproute { list | flush } SELECTOR iproute get ADDRESS [from ADDRESS iif STRING] [oif STRING] [tos TOS] iproute { add | del | change | append | replace | test } ROUTE SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match PREFIX] [proto RTPROTO] ROUTE := [TYPE] PREFIX [tos TOS] [proto RTPROTO] [metric METRIC] iprule iprule {[list | add | del] RULE} iprule [list | add | del] SELECTOR ACTIONSELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK][dev STRING] [pref NUMBER]ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDRESS][prohibit | reject | unreachable][realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM]TABLE_ID := [local | main | default | NUMBER] iptunnel iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME][mode { ipip | gre | sit }][remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL] iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME][mode { ipip | gre | sit }] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR][[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY] [[i|o]csum][ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV] kbd_mode kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY] Report or set the keyboard mode -a Default (ASCII) -k Medium-raw (keyboard) -s Raw (scancode) -u Unicode (utf-8) -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/ttykill kill [-l] [-SIG] PID... Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs -l List all signal names and numberskillall killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME... Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes -l List all signal names and numbers -q Don't complain if no processes were killedkillall5 killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]... Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current session -l List all signal names and numbers -o PID Don't signal this PIDklogd klogd [-c N] [-n] Kernel logger -c N Print to console messages more urgent than prio N (1-8) -n Run in foregroundless less [-EMmNh~I?] [FILE]... View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time -E Quit once the end of a file is reached -M,-m Display status line with line numbers and percentage through the file -N Prefix line number to each line -I Ignore case in all searches -~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOFln ln [OPTIONS] TARGET... LINK|DIR Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s) -s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks -f Remove existing destinations -n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file -b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation -S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files -T 2nd arg must be a DIR -v Verboseloadfont loadfont < font Load a console font from stdin loadkmap loadkmap < keymap Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin logger logger [OPTIONS] [MESSAGE] Write MESSAGE (or stdin) to syslog -s Log to stderr as well as the system log -t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) -p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair)login login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER] Begin a new session on the system -f Don't authenticate (user already authenticated) -h Name of the remote host -p Preserve environmentlogname logname Print the name of the current user logread logread [-f] Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer -f Output data as log growslosetup losetup [-r] [-o OFS] LOOPDEV FILE - associate loop deviceslosetup -d LOOPDEV - disassociatelosetup [-f] - show -o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE -r Read-only -f Show first free loop devicelpd lpd SPOOLDIR [HELPER [ARGS]] SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print is passed in $DATAFILE variable. Example: tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./printlpq lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME] [-d JOBID]... [-fs] -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) -d Delete jobs -f Force any waiting job to be printed -s Short displaylpr lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [FILE]... -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) -m Send mail on completion -h Print banner page too -V Verbosels ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinsehrSXvctu] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]... List directory contents -1 One column output -a Include entries which start with . -A Like -a, but exclude . and .. -C List by columns -x List by lines -d List directory entries instead of contents -L Follow symlinks -H Follow symlinks on command line -R Recurse -p Append / to dir entries -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries -l Long listing format -i List inode numbers -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names -s List allocated blocks -e List full date and time -h List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G) -r Sort in reverse order -S Sort by size -X Sort by extension -v Sort by version -c With -l: sort by ctime -t With -l: sort by mtime -u With -l: sort by atime -w N Assume the terminal is N columns wide --color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloringlsattr lsattr [-Radlv] [FILE]... List file attributes on an ext2 fs -R Recurse -a Don't hide entries starting with . -d List directory entries instead of contents -l List long flag names -v List the file's version/generation numberlsmod lsmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value]... -r Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean -q Quiet -v Verbose -f Force -w Wait for unload -s Report via syslog instead of stderrlsof lsof Show all open files lspci lspci [-mk] List all PCI devices -m Parsable output -k Show driverlzcat lzcat FILE Decompress to stdout lzma lzma -d [-cf] [FILE]... Decompress FILE (or stdin) -d Decompress -c Write to stdout -f Forcelzop lzop [-cfvd123456789CF] [FILE]... -1..9 Compression level -d Decompress -c Write to stdout -f Force -v Verbose -F Don't store or verify checksum -C Also write checksum of compressed blocklzopcat lzopcat [-vCF] [FILE]... -v Verbose -F Don't store or verify checksummakedevs makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir Create a range of special files as specified in a device table. Device table entries take the form of: <name> <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count> Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f Regular file d Directory c Character device b Block device p Fifo (named pipe) uid is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to to device special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries. makemime makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]... Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs -o FILE Output. Default: stdout -a HDR Add header(s). Examples: "From: [email protected]", "Date: `date -R`" -c CT Content type. Default: application/octet-stream -C CS Charset. Default: us-ascii Other options are silently ignored man man [-aw] [MANPAGE]... Format and display manual page -a Display all pages -w Show page locationsmd5sum md5sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... Print or check MD5 checksums -c Check sums against list in FILEs -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum linesmdev mdev [-s] mdev -s is to be run during boot to scan /sys and populate /dev. Bare mdev is a kernel hotplug helper. To activate it:echo /sbin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines [-][ENV=regex;]...DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH]|[!] [@|$|*PROG] where DEVNAME is device name regex, @major,minor[-minor2], or environment variable regex. A common use of the latter is to load modules for hotplugged devices: $MODALIAS=.* 0:0 660 @modprobe "$MODALIAS" If /dev/mdev.seq file exists, mdev will wait for its value to match $SEQNUM variable. This prevents plug/unplug races. To activate this feature, create empty /dev/mdev.seq at boot. If /dev/mdev.log file exists, debug log will be appended to it. mesg mesg [y|n] Control write access to your terminalyAllow write access to your terminalnDisallow write access to your terminal microcom microcom [-d DELAY] [-t TIMEOUT] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout -d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every next byte to it -t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms -s Set serial line to SPEED -X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdinmkdir mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY... Create DIRECTORY -m MODE Mode -p No error if exists; make parent directories as neededmkdosfs mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] Make a FAT32 filesystem -v Verbose -n LBL Volume labelmke2fs mke2fs [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] -b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes -F Force -i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO -I BYTES Inode size (min 128) -L LBL Volume label -m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin -n Dry runmkfifo mkfifo [-m MODE] NAME Create named pipe -m MODE Mode (default a=rw)mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext2 [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] -b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes -F Force -i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO -I BYTES Inode size (min 128) -L LBL Volume label -m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin -n Dry runmkfs.minix mkfs.minix [-c | -l FILE] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] Make a MINIX filesystem -c Check device for bad blocks -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem -l FILE Read bad blocks list from FILE -v Make version 2 filesystemmkfs.reiser mkfs.reiser [-f] [-l LABEL] BLOCKDEV [4K-BLOCKS] Make a ReiserFS V3 filesystem -f Force -l LBL Volume labelmkfs.vfat mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] Make a FAT32 filesystem -v Verbose -n LBL Volume labelmknod mknod [-m MODE] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR Create a special file (block, character, or pipe) -m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw) TYPE: b Block device c or u Character device p Named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored)mkpasswd mkpasswd [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT] Crypt PASSWORD using crypt(3) -P,--password-fd=N Read password from fd N -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method -S,--salt=SALTmkswap mkswap [-L LBL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition -L LBL Labelmktemp mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE] Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX). Without TEMPLATE, -t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed. -d Make directory, not file -q Fail silently on errors -t Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE -p DIR Use DIR as a base directory (implies -t) -u Do not create anything; print a name Base directory is: -p DIR, else $TMPDIR, else /tmp modinfo modinfo [-adlp0] [-F keyword] MODULE -a Shortcut for '-F author' -d Shortcut for '-F description' -l Shortcut for '-F license' -p Shortcut for '-F parm' -F keyword Keyword to look for -0 Separate output with NULsmodprobe modprobe [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value]... -r Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean -q Quiet -v Verbose -f Force -w Wait for unload -s Report via syslog instead of stderrmore more [FILE]... View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time mount mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPTS] DEVICE NODE Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc. -a Mount all filesystems in fstab -f Dry run -i Don't run mount helper -v Verbose -r Read-only mount -w Read-write mount (default) -t FSTYPE[,...] Filesystem type(s) -O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only) -o OPT: loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected) [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files [no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted [r]bind Bind a file or directory [recursively] to another location move Relocate an existing mount point remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags ro/rw Same as -r/-w There are filesystem-specific -o flags. mountpoint mountpoint [-q] <[-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE> Check if the directory is a mountpoint -q Quiet -d Print major/minor device number of the filesystem -n Print device name of the filesystem -x Print major/minor device number of the blockdevicempstat mpstat [-A] [-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [-u] [-P num|ALL] [INTERVAL [COUNT]] Per-processor statistics -A Same as -I ALL -u -P ALL -I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU Report interrupt statistics -P num|ALL Processor to monitor -u Report CPU utilizationmt mt [-f device] opcode value Control magnetic tape drive operation Available Opcodes: bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock weof wset mv mv [-fin] SOURCE DEST or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... DIRECTORY Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY -f Don't prompt before overwriting -i Interactive, prompt before overwrite -n Don't overwrite an existing filenameif nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [IFNAME SELECTOR]... Rename network interface while it in the down state. The device matched by SELECTOR is renamed to IFACE. SELECTOR can be a combination of: driver=STRING bus=STRING phy_address=NUM [mac=]XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX -c FILE Configuration file (default: /etc/mactab) -s Log to syslognanddump nanddump [-o] [-b] [-s ADDR] [-f FILE] MTD_DEVICE Dump the specified MTD device -o Dump oob data -b Omit bad block from the dump -s ADDR Start address -l LEN Length -f FILE Dump to file ('-' for stdout)nandwrite nandwrite [-p] [-s ADDR] MTD_DEVICE [FILE] Write to the specified MTD device -p Pad to page size -s ADDR Start addressnbd-client nbd-client HOST PORT BLOCKDEV Connect to HOST and provide a network block device on BLOCKDEV nc nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST] [PORT] - listen -e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last) -l Listen mode, for inbound connects -p PORT Local port -s ADDR Local address -w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads -i SEC Delay interval for lines sent -n Don't do DNS resolution -u UDP mode -v Verbose -o FILE Hex dump traffic -z Zero-I/O mode (scanning)netstat netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-enWp] Display networking information -r Routing table -a All sockets -l Listening sockets Else: connected sockets -t TCP sockets -u UDP sockets -w Raw sockets -x Unix sockets Else: all socket types -e Other/more information -n Don't resolve names -W Wide display -p Show PID/program name for socketsnice nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG ARGS] Change scheduling priority, run PROG -n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUSTnmeter nmeter [-d MSEC] FORMAT_STRING Monitor system in real time -d MSEC Milliseconds between updates (default:1000) Format specifiers: %Nc or %[cN] CPU. N - bar size (default:10) (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq) %[nINTERFACE] Network INTERFACE %m Allocated memory %[mf] Free memory %[mt] Total memory %s Allocated swap %f Number of used file descriptors %Ni Total/specific IRQ rate %x Context switch rate %p Forks %[pn] # of processes %b Block io %Nt Time (with N decimal points) %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOLnohup nohup PROG ARGS Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty nslookup nslookup [HOST] [SERVER] Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST optionally using a specified DNS server ntpd ntpd [-dnqNwl] [-S PROG] [-p PEER]... NTP client/server -d Verbose -n Do not daemonize -q Quit after clock is set -N Run at high priority -w Do not set time (only query peers), implies -n -l Run as server on port 123 -S PROG Run PROG after stepping time, stratum change, and every 11 mins -p PEER Obtain time from PEER (may be repeated)od od [-abcdfhilovxs] [-t TYPE] [-A RADIX] [-N SIZE] [-j SKIP] [-S MINSTR] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]... Print FILEs (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default openvt openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG ARGS] Start PROG on a new virtual terminal -c N Use specified VT -s Switch to the VT -w Wait for PROG to exitpasswd passwd [OPTIONS] [USER] Change USER's password (default: current user) -a ALG Encryption method -d Set password to '' -l Lock (disable) account -u Unlock (enable) accountpatch patch [OPTIONS] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]] -p,--strip N Strip N leading components from file names -i,--input DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin -R,--reverse Reverse patch -N,--forward Ignore already applied patches -E,--remove-empty-files Remove output files if they become emptypgrep pgrep [-flnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN] Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN -l Show command name too -f Match against entire command line -n Show the newest process only -o Show the oldest process only -v Negate the match -x Match whole name (not substring) -s Match session ID (0 for current) -P Match parent process IDpidof pidof [OPTIONS] [NAME]... List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs -s Show only one PID -o PID Omit given pid Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parentping ping [OPTIONS] HOST Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts -4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution -c CNT Send only CNT pings -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -t TTL Set TTL -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10) (after all -c CNT packets are sent) -w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) (can exit earlier with -c CNT) -q Quiet, only displays output at start and when finishedping6 ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts -c CNT Send only CNT pings -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source -q Quiet, only displays output at start and when finishedpivot_root pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the new root file system pkill pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-fnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN] Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex PATTERN -l List all signals -f Match against entire command line -n Signal the newest process only -o Signal the oldest process only -v Negate the match -x Match whole name (not substring) -s Match session ID (0 for current) -P Match parent process IDpmap pmap [-xq] PID Display detailed process memory usage -x Show details -q Quietpopmaildir popmaildir [OPTIONS] MAILDIR [CONN_HELPER ARGS] Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir -s Skip authorization -T Get messages with TOP instead of RETR -k Keep retrieved messages on the server -t SEC Network timeout -F "PROG ARGS" Filter program (may be repeated) -M "PROG ARGS" Delivery program Fetch from plain POP3 server: popmaildir -k DIR nc pop3.server.com 110 <user_and_pass.txt Fetch from SSLed POP3 server and delete fetched emails: popmaildir DIR -- openssl s_client -quiet -connect pop3.server.com:995 <user_and_pass.txt poweroff poweroff [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f] Halt and shut off power -d SEC Delay interval -n Do not sync -f Force (don't go through init)powertop powertop Analyze power consumption on Intel-based laptops printenv printenv [VARIABLE]... Print environment VARIABLEs. If no VARIABLE specified, print all. printf printf FORMAT [ARG]... Format and print ARG(s) according to FORMAT (a-la C printf) ps ps [-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [-T] Show list of processes -o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display -T Show threadspscan pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT] HOST Scan a host, print all open ports -c Show closed ports too -b Show blocked ports too -p Scan from this port (default 1) -P Scan up to this port (default 1024) -t Timeout (default 5000 ms) -T Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts)pstree pstree [-p] [PID|USER] Display process tree, optionally start from USER or PID -p Show pidspwd pwd Print the full filename of the current working directory pwdx pwdx PID... Show current directory for PIDs raidautorun raidautorun DEVICE Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays rdate rdate [-sp] HOST Get and possibly set the system date/time from a remote HOST -s Set the system date/time (default) -p Print the date/timerdev rdev Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/' readlink readlink [-fnv] FILE Display the value of a symlink -f Canonicalize by following all symlinks -n Don't add newline -v Verbosereadprofile readprofile [OPTIONS] -m mapfile (Default: /boot/System.map) -p profile (Default: /proc/profile) -M NUM Set the profiling multiplier to NUM -i Print only info about the sampling step -v Verbose -a Print all symbols, even if count is 0 -b Print individual histogram-bin counts -s Print individual counters within functions -r Reset all the counters (root only) -n Disable byte order auto-detectionrealpath realpath FILE... Return the absolute pathnames of given FILE reboot reboot [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f] Reboot the system -d SEC Delay interval -n Do not sync -f Force (don't go through init)reformime reformime [OPTIONS] Parse MIME-encoded message on stdin -x PREFIX Extract content of MIME sections to files -X PROG ARGS Filter content of MIME sections through PROG Must be the last option Other options are silently ignored remove-shell remove-shell SHELL... Remove SHELLs from /etc/shells renice renice {{-n INCREMENT} | PRIORITY} [[-p | -g | -u] ID...] Change scheduling priority for a running process -n Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster) -p Process id(s) (default) -g Process group id(s) -u Process user name(s) and/or id(s)reset reset Reset the screen resize resize Resize the screen rev rev [FILE]... Reverse lines of FILE rfkill rfkill COMMAND [INDEX|TYPE] Enable/disable wireless devices Commands: list [INDEX|TYPE] List current state block INDEX|TYPE Disable device unblock INDEX|TYPE Enable device TYPE: all, wlan(wifi), bluetooth, uwb(ultrawideband), wimax, wwan, gps, fmrm rm [-irf] FILE... Remove (unlink) FILEs -i Always prompt before removing -f Never prompt -R,-r Recursermdir rmdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY... Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty -p|--parents Include parents --ignore-fail-on-non-emptyrmmod rmmod [-qfwrsv] MODULE [symbol=value]... -r Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean -q Quiet -v Verbose -f Force -w Wait for unload -s Report via syslog instead of stderrroute route [{add|del|delete}] Edit kernel routing tables -n Don't resolve names -e Display other/more information -A inet{6} Select address familyrpm rpm -i PACKAGE.rpm; rpm -qp[ildc] PACKAGE.rpm Manipulate RPM packages Commands: -i Install package -qp Query package -i Show information -l List contents -d List documents -c List config filesrpm2cpio rpm2cpio package.rpm Output a cpio archive of the rpm file rtcwake rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV] [-m MODE] [-s SEC | -t TIME] Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time -a,--auto Read clock mode from adjtime -l,--local Clock is set to local time -u,--utc Clock is set to UTC time -d,--device=DEV Specify the RTC device -m,--mode=MODE Set the sleep state (default: standby) -s,--seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now -t,--time=TIME Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epochrun-parts run-parts [-tl] [-a ARG]... [-u MASK] DIRECTORY Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY -t Dry run -l Print names of matching files even if they are not executable -a ARG Pass ARG as argument to programs -u MASK Set umask to MASK before running programsrunsv runsv DIR Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service runsvdir runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] DIR Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it. -P Put each runsv in a new session -s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processedrx rx FILE Receive a file using the xmodem protocol script script [-afqt] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE] -a Append output -c PROG Run PROG, not shell -f Flush output after each write -q Quiet -t Send timing to stderrscriptreplay scriptreplay timingfile [typescript [divisor]] Play back typescripts, using timing information sed sed [-inr] [-f FILE]... [-e CMD]... [FILE]... or: sed [-inr] CMD [FILE]... -e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed -i[SFX] Edit files in-place (otherwise sends to stdout) Optionally back files up, appending SFX -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space -r Use extended regex syntax If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none). sendmail sendmail [OPTIONS] [RECIPIENT_EMAIL]... Read email from stdin and send it Standard options: -t Read additional recipients from message body -f SENDER Sender (required) -o OPTIONS Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored -i -oi synonym. implied and ignored Busybox specific options: -v Verbose -w SECS Network timeout -H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper Examples: -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:25' <email.txt [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -auUSER -apPASS] -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465' <email.txt [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -auUSER -apPASS] -S HOST[:PORT] Server -auUSER Username for AUTH LOGIN -apPASS Password for AUTH LOGIN Other options are silently ignored; -oi -t is implied Use makemime to create emails with attachments seq seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC default to 1. -w Pad to last with leading zeros -s SEP String separatorsetarch setarch personality PROG ARGS Personality may be: linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation linux64 Set 64bit uname emulationsetconsole setconsole [-r|--reset] [DEVICE] Redirect system console output to DEVICE (default: /dev/tty) -r Reset output to /dev/consolesetfont setfont FONT [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY] Load a console font -m MAPFILE Load console screen map -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/ttysetkeycodes setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE... Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes. SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is given in decimal. setlogcons setlogcons N Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current) setserial setserial [-gabGvzV] DEVICE [PARAMETER [ARG]]... Request or set Linux serial port information -g Interpret parameters as list of devices for reporting -a Print all available information -b Print summary information -G Print in form which can be fed back to setserial as command line parameters -z Zero out serial flags before setting -v Verbose Parameters: (* = takes an argument, ^ = can be turned off by preceding ^)*port, *irq, *divisor, *uart, *baund_base, *close_delay, *closing_wait,^fourport, ^auto_irq, ^skip_test, ^sak, ^session_lockout, ^pgrp_lockout,^callout_nohup, ^split_termios, ^hup_notify, ^low_latency, autoconfig,spd_normal, spd_hi, spd_vhi, spd_shi, spd_warp, spd_cust UART types: unknown, 8250, 16450, 16550, 16550A, Cirrus, 16650, 16650V2, 16750, 16950, 16954, 16654, 16850, RSA, NS16550A, XSCALE, RM9000, OCTEON, AR7, U6_16550Asetsid setsid PROG ARGS Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc). See setsid(2) for details. setuidgid setuidgid USER PROG ARGS Set uid and gid to USER's uid and gid, drop supplementary group ids, run PROG sha1sum sha1sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... Print or check SHA1 checksums -c Check sums against list in FILEs -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum linessha256sum sha256sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... Print or check SHA256 checksums -c Check sums against list in FILEs -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum linessha3sum sha3sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... Print or check SHA3-512 checksums -c Check sums against list in FILEs -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum linessha512sum sha512sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]... Print or check SHA512 checksums -c Check sums against list in FILEs -s Don't output anything, status code shows success -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum linesshowkey showkey [-a | -k | -s] Show keys pressed -a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys -k Display interpreted keycodes (default) -s Display raw scan-codesslattach slattach [-cehmLF] [-s SPEED] [-p PROTOCOL] DEVICE Attach network interface(s) to serial line(s) -p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive) -s SPD Set line speed -e Exit after initializing device -h Exit when the carrier is lost -c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up -m Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode -L Enable 3-wire operation -F Disable RTS/CTS flow controlsleep sleep [N]... Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays smemcap smemcap >SMEMDATA.TAR Collect memory usage data in /proc and write it to stdout softlimit softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES][-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N]PROG ARGS Set soft resource limits, then run PROG -a BYTES Limit total size of all segments -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES -d BYTES Limit data segment -s BYTES Limit stack segment -l BYTES Limit locked memory size -o N Limit number of open files per process -p N Limit number of processes per uid Options controlling file sizes: -f BYTES Limit output file sizes -c BYTES Limit core file size Efficiency opts: -r BYTES Limit resident set size -t N Limit CPU time, process receives a SIGXCPU after N secondssort sort [-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [-o FILE] [-k start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]... Sort lines of text -b Ignore leading blanks -c Check whether input is sorted -d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) -f Ignore case -g General numerical sort -i Ignore unprintable characters -k Sort key -M Sort month -n Sort numbers -o Output to file -k Sort by key -t CHAR Key separator -r Reverse sort order -s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically) -u Suppress duplicate lines -z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline -mST Ignored for GNU compatibilitysplit split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]] -b N[k|m] Split by N (kilo|mega)bytes -l N Split by N lines -a N Use N letters as suffixstart-stop-daemon start-stop-daemon [OPTIONS] [-S|-K] ... [-- ARGS...] Search for matching processes, and then -K: stop all matching processes. -S: start a process unless a matching process is found. Process matching: -u,--user USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes -n,--name NAME Match processes with NAME in comm field in /proc/PID/stat -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command in /proc/PID/{exe,cmdline} -p,--pidfile FILE Match a process with PID from the file All specified conditions must match -S only: -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Program to run -a,--startas NAME Zeroth argument -b,--background Background -N,--nicelevel N Change nice level -c,--chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group -m,--make-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by -p -K only: -s,--signal SIG Signal to send -t,--test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found Other: -o,--oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done -v,--verbose Verbose -q,--quiet Quietstat stat [OPTIONS] FILE... Display file (default) or filesystem status -c fmt Use the specified format -f Display filesystem status -L Follow links -t Display info in terse form Valid format sequences for files: %a Access rights in octal %A Access rights in human readable form %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) %B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b %d Device number in decimal %D Device number in hex %f Raw mode in hex %F File type %g Group ID of owner %G Group name of owner %h Number of hard links %i Inode number %n File name %N File name, with -> TARGET if symlink %o I/O block size %s Total size, in bytes %t Major device type in hex %T Minor device type in hex %u User ID of owner %U User name of owner %x Time of last access %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch %y Time of last modification %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch %z Time of last change %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch Valid format sequences for file systems: %a Free blocks available to non-superuser %b Total data blocks in file system %c Total file nodes in file system %d Free file nodes in file system %f Free blocks in file system %i File System ID in hex %l Maximum length of filenames %n File name %s Block size (for faster transfer) %S Fundamental block size (for block counts) %t Type in hex %T Type in human readable formstrings strings [-afo] [-n LEN] [FILE]... Display printable strings in a binary file -a Scan whole file (default) -f Precede strings with filenames -n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4) -o Precede strings with decimal offsetsstty stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]... Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane -F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin -a Print all current settings in human-readable form -g Print in stty-readable form [SETTING] See manpagesu su [OPTIONS] [-] [USER] Run shell under USER (by default, root) -,-l Clear environment, run shell as login shell -p,-m Do not set new $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, $LOGNAME -c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c' -s SH Shell to use instead of user's defaultsulogin sulogin [-t N] [TTY] Single user login -t N Timeoutsum sum [-rs] [FILE]... Checksum and count the blocks in a file -r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks) -s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)sv sv [-v] [-w SEC] CMD SERVICE_DIR... Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. Commands (only first character is enough): status: query service status up: if service isn't running, start it. If service stops, restart it once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't restart it down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish if it exists. After it stops, don't restart service exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, runsv exits too pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to service svlogd svlogd [-ttv] [-r C] [-R CHARS] [-l MATCHLEN] [-b BUFLEN] DIR... Continuously read log data from stdin and write to rotated log files in DIRs DIR/config file modifies behavior: sSIZE - when to rotate logs nNUM - number of files to retain !PROG - process rotated log with PROG +,-PATTERN - (de)select line for logging E,ePATTERN - (de)select line for stderr swapoff swapoff [-a] [DEVICE] Stop swapping on DEVICE -a Stop swapping on all swap devicesswapon swapon [-a] [-p PRI] [DEVICE] Start swapping on DEVICE -a Start swapping on all swap devices -p PRI Set swap device priorityswitch_root switch_root [-c /dev/console] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS] Free initramfs and switch to another root fs: chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint. -c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switchsync sync Write all buffered blocks to disk sysctl sysctl [OPTIONS] [KEY[=VALUE]]... Show/set kernel parameters -e Don't warn about unknown keys -n Don't show key names -a Show all values -w Set values -p FILE Set values from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf) -q Set values silentlysyslogd syslogd [OPTIONS] System logging utility -n Run in foreground -O FILE Log to FILE (default:/var/log/messages) -l N Log only messages more urgent than prio N (1-8) -S Smaller output -s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotation (default:200KB, 0=off) -b N N rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge) -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP) -L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R) -D Drop duplicates -C[size_kb] Log to shared mem buffer (use logread to read it) -f FILE Use FILE as config (default:/etc/syslog.conf) -K Log to kernel printk buffer (use dmesg to read it)tac tac [FILE]... Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse tail tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]... Print last 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more than one FILE, precede each with a filename header. -f Print data as file grows -s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with -f -n N[kbm] Print last N lines -c N[kbm] Print last N bytes -q Never print headers -v Always print headers N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2). If N starts with a '+', output begins with the Nth item from the start of each file, not from the end. tar tar -[cxtZzJjahmvO] [-X FILE] [-T FILE] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE]... Create, extract, or list files from a tar file Operation: c Create x Extract t List f Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out) C Change to DIR before operation v Verbose Z (De)compress using compress z (De)compress using gzip J (De)compress using xz j (De)compress using bzip2 a (De)compress using lzma O Extract to stdout h Follow symlinks m Don't restore mtime exclude File to exclude X File with names to exclude T File with names to includetaskset taskset [-p] [MASK] [PID | PROG ARGS] Set or get CPU affinity -p Operate on an existing PIDtcpsvd tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming connection. Run PROG for each connection. IP IP to listen on, 0 = all PORT Port to listen on PROG ARGS Program to run -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously -b N Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs -C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP New connections from this IP address are closed immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close -h Look up peer's hostname -E Don't set up environment variables -v Verbosetee tee [-ai] [FILE]... Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout -a Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite -i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)telnet telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT] Connect to telnet server -a Automatic login with $USER variable -l USER Automatic login as USERtelnetd telnetd [OPTIONS] Handle incoming telnet connections -l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue -K Close connection as soon as login exits (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) -p PORT Port to listen on -b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to -F Run in foreground -i Inetd mode -w SEC Inetd 'wait' mode, linger time SEC -S Log to syslog (implied by -i or without -F and -w)test test EXPRESSION ] Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code depending on logical value of EXPRESSION tftp tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT] Transfer a file from/to tftp server -l FILE Local FILE -r FILE Remote FILE -g Get file -p Put file -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octetstftpd tftpd [-cr] [-u USER] [DIR] Transfer a file on tftp client's request tftpd should be used as an inetd service. tftpd's line for inetd.conf: 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd -l /files/to/serve It also can be ran from udpsvd: udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve -r Prohibit upload -c Allow file creation via upload -u Access files as USER -l Log to syslog (inetd mode requires this)time time [-v] PROG ARGS Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits -v Verbosetimeout timeout [-t SECS] [-s SIG] PROG ARGS Runs PROG. Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM. top top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS] [-m] Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS and display a screenful of them. Keys: N/M/P/T: show CPU usage, sort by pid/mem/cpu/time S: show memory R: reverse sort H: toggle threads, 1: toggle SMP Q,^C: exit Options: -b Batch mode -n N Exit after N iterations -d N Delay between updates -m Same as 's' keytouch touch [-c] [-d DATE] [-t DATE] [-r FILE] FILE... Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s] -c Don't create files -d DT Date/time to use -t DT Date/time to use -r FILE Use FILE's date/timetr tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2] Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to stdout -c Take complement of STRING1 -d Delete input characters coded STRING1 -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one charactertraceroute traceroute [-46FIldnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q PROBES][-s SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-g GATEWAY] [-i IFACE][-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES] Trace the route to HOST -4,-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution -F Set the don't fragment bit -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams -l Display the TTL value of the returned packet -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket -n Print numeric addresses -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST -v Verbose -m Max time-to-live (max number of hops) -p Base UDP port number used in probes (default 33434) -q Number of probes per TTL (default 3) -s IP address to use as the source address -t Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) -w Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3) -g Loose source route gateway (8 max)traceroute6 traceroute6 [-dnrv] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q PROBES][-s SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-i IFACE]HOST [BYTES] Trace the route to HOST -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket -n Print numeric addresses -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST -v Verbose -m Max time-to-live (max number of hops) -p Base UDP port number used in probes (default is 33434) -q Number of probes per TTL (default 3) -s IP address to use as the source address -t Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) -w Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3)true true Return an exit code of TRUE (0) tty tty Print file name of stdin's terminal ttysize ttysize [w] [h] Print dimension(s) of stdin's terminal, on error return 80x25 tunctl tunctl [-f device] ([-t name] | -d name) [-u owner] [-g group] [-b] Create or delete tun interfaces -f name tun device (/dev/net/tun) -t name Create iface 'name' -d name Delete iface 'name' -u owner Set iface owner -g group Set iface group -b Brief outputtune2fs tune2fs [-c MAX_MOUNT_COUNT] [-i DAYS] [-C MOUNT_COUNT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV Adjust filesystem options on ext[23] filesystems ubiattach ubiattach -m MTD_NUM [-d UBI_NUM] UBI_CTRL_DEV Attach MTD device to UBI -m MTD_NUM MTD device number to attach -d UBI_NUM UBI device number to assignubidetach ubidetach -d UBI_NUM UBI_CTRL_DEV Detach MTD device from UBI -d UBI_NUM UBI device numberubimkvol ubimkvol UBI_DEVICE -N NAME -s SIZE Create UBI volume -a ALIGNMENT Volume alignment (default 1) -n VOLID Volume ID, if not specified, it will be assigned automatically -N NAME Volume name -s SIZE Size in bytes -t TYPE Volume type (static|dynamic)ubirmvol ubirmvol UBI_DEVICE -n VOLID Remove UBI volume -n VOLID Volume IDubirsvol ubirsvol UBI_DEVICE -n VOLID -s SIZE Resize UBI volume -n VOLID Volume ID to resize -s SIZE Size in bytesubiupdatevol ubiupdatevol UBI_DEVICE [IMG_FILE] Update UBI volume -t Truncate UBI volume -s SIZE Bytes in input (if reading stdin)udhcpc udhcpc [-fbnqvoCRB] [-i IFACE] [-r IP] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE][-V VENDOR] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]... [-P N] -i,--interface IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) -p,--pidfile FILE Create pidfile -s,--script PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) -B,--broadcast Request broadcast replies -t,--retries N Send up to N discover packets -T,--timeout N Pause between packets (default 3 seconds) -A,--tryagain N Wait N seconds after failure (default 20) -f,--foreground Run in foreground -b,--background Background if lease is not obtained -n,--now Exit if lease is not obtained -q,--quit Exit after obtaining lease -R,--release Release IP on exit -S,--syslog Log to syslog too -P,--client-port N Use port N (default 68) -a,--arping Use arping to validate offered address -O,--request-option OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) -o,--no-default-options Don't request any options (unless -O is given) -r,--request IP Request this IP address -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: -x hostname:bbox - option 12 -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time) -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id) -F,--fqdn NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME -V,--vendorclass VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'udhcp VERSION') -C,--clientid-none Don't send MAC as client identifier -v Verbose Signals: USR1 Renew lease USR2 Release leaseudhcpc6 udhcpc6 [-fbnqvoR] [-i IFACE] [-r IP] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE][-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]... [-P N] -i,--interface IFACE Interface to use (default eth0) -p,--pidfile FILE Create pidfile -s,--script PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) -B,--broadcast Request broadcast replies -t,--retries N Send up to N discover packets -T,--timeout N Pause between packets (default 3 seconds) -A,--tryagain N Wait N seconds after failure (default 20) -f,--foreground Run in foreground -b,--background Background if lease is not obtained -n,--now Exit if lease is not obtained -q,--quit Exit after obtaining lease -R,--release Release IP on exit -S,--syslog Log to syslog too -P,--client-port N Use port N (default 546) -O,--request-option OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative) -o,--no-default-options Don't request any options (unless -O is given) -r,--request IP Request this IP address -x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative) Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts: -x hostname:bbox - option 12 -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time) -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id) -v Verbose Signals: USR1 Renew lease USR2 Release leaseudhcpd udhcpd [-fS] [-P N] [CONFFILE] DHCP server -f Run in foreground -S Log to syslog too -P N Use port N (default 67)udpsvd udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets. Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same peer ip:port to it. IP IP to listen on, 0 = all PORT Port to listen on PROG ARGS Program to run -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously -h Look up peer's hostname -E Don't set up environment variables -v Verboseumount umount [OPTIONS] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY Unmount file systems -a Unmount all file systems -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) -f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) -D Don't free loop device even if it has been useduname uname [-amnrspv] Print system information -a Print all -m The machine (hardware) type -n Hostname -r OS release -s OS name (default) -p Processor type -v OS versionuncompress uncompress [-cf] [FILE]... Decompress .Z file[s] -c Write to stdout -f Overwriteunexpand unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]... Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout -a,--all Convert all blanks -f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N charsuniq uniq [-cdu][-f,s,w N] [INPUT [OUTPUT]] Discard duplicate lines -c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences -d Only print duplicate lines -u Only print unique lines -f N Skip first N fields -s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) -w N Compare N characters in lineunix2dos unix2dos [-ud] [FILE] Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout. -u dos2unix -d unix2dosunlzma unlzma [-cf] [FILE]... Decompress FILE (or stdin) -c Write to stdout -f Forceunlzop unlzop [-cfvCF] [FILE]... -c Write to stdout -f Force -v Verbose -F Don't store or verify checksumunxz unxz [-cf] [FILE]... Decompress FILE (or stdin) -c Write to stdout -f Forceunzip unzip [-lnopq] FILE[.zip] [FILE]... [-x FILE...] [-d DIR] Extract FILEs from ZIP archive -l List contents (with -q for short form) -n Never overwrite files (default: ask) -o Overwrite -p Print to stdout -q Quiet -x FILE Exclude FILEs -d DIR Extract into DIRuptime uptime Display the time since the last boot usleep usleep N Pause for N microseconds uudecode uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE] Uudecode a file Finds OUTFILE in uuencoded source unless -o is given uuencode uuencode [-m] [FILE] STORED_FILENAME Uuencode FILE (or stdin) to stdout -m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521vconfig vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS] Create and remove virtual ethernet devices add IFACE VLAN_ID rem VLAN_NAME set_flag IFACE 0|1 VLAN_QOS set_egress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS set_ingress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS set_name_type NAME_TYPEvi vi [OPTIONS] [FILE]... Edit FILE -c CMD Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available) -R Read-only -H List available featuresvlock vlock [-a] Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock. -a Lock all VTsvolname volname [DEVICE] Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom) watch watch [-n SEC] [-t] PROG ARGS Run PROG periodically -n Loop period in seconds (default 2) -t Don't print headerwatchdog watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV Periodically write to watchdog device DEV -T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) -t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) -F Run in foreground Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds wc wc [-cmlwL] [FILE]... Count lines, words, and bytes for each FILE (or stdin) -c Count bytes -m Count characters -l Count newlines -w Count words -L Print longest line lengthwget wget [-c|--continue] [-s|--spider] [-q|--quiet] [-O|--output-document FILE][--header 'header: value'] [-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P DIR][-U|--user-agent AGENT] [-T SEC] URL... Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP -s Spider mode - only check file existence -c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer -q Quiet -P DIR Save to DIR (default .) -T SEC Network read timeout is SEC seconds -O FILE Save to FILE ('-' for stdout) -U STR Use STR for User-Agent header -Y Use proxy ('on' or 'off')which which [COMMAND]... Locate a COMMAND whoami whoami Print the user name associated with the current effective user id whois whois [-h SERVER] [-p PORT] NAME... Query WHOIS info about NAME -h,-p Server to queryxargs xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS] Run PROG on every item given by stdin -p Ask user whether to run each command -r Don't run command if input is empty -0 Input is separated by NUL characters -t Print the command on stderr before execution -e[STR] STR stops input processing -n N Pass no more than N args to PROG -s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes -x Exit if size is exceededxz xz -d [-cf] [FILE]... Decompress FILE (or stdin) -d Decompress -c Write to stdout -f Forcexzcat xzcat FILE Decompress to stdout yes yes [STRING] Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or 'y' zcat zcat FILE Decompress to stdout zcip zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address -f Run in foreground -q Quit after obtaining address -r 169.254.x.x Request this address first -v Verbose With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, exits only on I/O errors (link down etc) LIBC NSS GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS. If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries. When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*). Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries. MAINTAINER Denis Vlasenko <[email protected]> AUTHORS The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update. Emanuele Aina <[email protected]> run-parts Erik Andersen <[email protected]> Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that nobody is going to actually read. Laurence Anderson <[email protected]> rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm Jeff Angielski <[email protected]> ftpput, ftpget Edward Betts <[email protected]> expr, hostid, logname, whoami John Beppu <[email protected]> du, nslookup, sort Brian Candler <[email protected]> tiny-ls(ls) Randolph Chung <[email protected]> fbset, ping, hostname Dave Cinege <[email protected]> more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance Jordan Crouse <[email protected]> ipcalc Magnus Damm <[email protected]> tftp client insmod powerpc support Larry Doolittle <[email protected]> pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes. Glenn Engel <[email protected]> httpd Gennady Feldman <[email protected]> Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, logread), various fixes. Karl M. Hegbloom <[email protected]> cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c. Daniel Jacobowitz <[email protected]> mktemp.c Matt Kraai <[email protected]> documentation, bugfixes, test suite Stephan Linz <[email protected]> ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence John Lombardo <[email protected]> tr Glenn McGrath <[email protected]> Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches. Manuel Novoa III <[email protected]> cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route Vladimir Oleynik <[email protected]> cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; locale, various fixes and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect. Bruce Perens <[email protected]> Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can still be found hiding here and there... Tim Riker <[email protected]> bug fixes, member of fan club Kent Robotti <[email protected]> reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches. Chip Rosenthal <[email protected]>, <[email protected]> wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications Pavel Roskin <[email protected]> Lots of bugs fixes and patches. Gyepi Sam <[email protected]> Remote logging feature for syslogd Linus Torvalds <[email protected]> mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix Mark Whitley <[email protected]> grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc. Charles P. Wright <[email protected]> gzip, mini-netcat(nc) Enrique Zanardi <[email protected]> tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance Tito Ragusa <[email protected]> devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt. Paul Fox <[email protected]> vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes Roberto A. Foglietta <[email protected]> port: dnsd Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <[email protected]> misc Mike Frysinger <[email protected]> initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc Jie Zhang <[email protected]> fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes)