Triumvirat pertama
Triumvirat Pertama adalah sebuah aliansi politik informal dari tiga pria berpengaruh antara 60 dan 53 SM, pada akhir zaman Republik Romawi: Gaius Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey Agung), dan Marcus Licinius Crassus. Julius Caesar adalah politikus berpengaruh dengan faksi populares dan kemudian dikenal karena menaklukan Gaul (58-50 SM). Pompey dianggap merupakan senapati teragung pada masanya dan mengkomandani pasukan dalam Perang Servile Ketiga (73–71 SM) di Italia dan Perang Mitridatik Ketiga (73–63 SM) melawan Kerajaan Pontus di Asia Barat.
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Referensi
sunting- Sumber primer
- Appian, The Civil Wars, Digireads.com, 2014; ISBN 978-1420949568 (book 2 [1]) accessed July 2016
- Cassius Dio, Roman History, Vol. 3 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989, ISBN 978-0674990593 (37 [2]; accessed July 2016 [3] and 39 [4]) accessed July 2016
- Plutarch, Lives of the noble Grecians and Romans (Complete and Unabridged), Benediction Classics, 2015, ISBN 978-1781395134 (The Life of Pompey [5], The Life of Caesar [6], The Life of Crassus [7], The Life of Cato Minor [8], The Life of Lucullus [9]) accessed July 2016
- Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, Penguin Classics, revised edition, 2007;ISBN 978-0140455168 (Julius Caesar [10]) accessed July 2016
- Sumber sekunder
- Boak, Arthur E.R. (1925). History of Rome to 565 A.D., New York: Macmillan, see [11], accessed 18 April 2015.
- Boatwright, Mary T.; Daniel J. Gargola & Richard J. A. Talbert (2004). The Romans: From Village to Empire, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195118758, see [12], accessed 18 April 2015.
- Goldsworthy, Adrian (2008). Caesar: Life of a Colossus. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300126891.
- Mitchell, T. N., Cicero, Pompey, and the Rise of the First Triumvirate, Traditio, Vol. 29 (1973), pp. 1–26. [13] accessed July 2016
- Tatum, J. W., The final Crisis (69–44), in Rosenstein, n., Morstein-Marx, R., A Companion to The Roman Republic (Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World), Wiley-Blackwell, 2010; ISBN 978-1444334135
- Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (2014). "Julius Caesar (Roman ruler): The first triumvirate and the conquest of Gaul," and "Julius Caesar (Roman ruler): Antecedents and outcome of the civil war of 49–45 bcd," at Encyclopædia Britannica (online), see [14] and [15], accessed 18 April 2015.
Pranala luar
sunting- Herodotuswebsite.co.uk – an article on how the First Triumvirate came into being. (Site no longer active, please refer to this link, accessed via the Wayback Machine)