Kesenjangan sosial
Ketimpangan sosial atau Kesenjangan sosial adalah suatu keadaan di mana terjadi kesenjangan, ketimpangan, ataupun ketidaksamaan akses untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya yang terjadi dalam suatu masyarakat. Ketimpangan sosial berarti tidak seimbang atau terjadi jarak di tengah masyarakat. Hal ini disebabkan adanya perbedaan status sosial, ekonomi, maupun budaya.[1]
Sosiologi |
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Portal |
Teori dan Sejarah |
Metode penelitian |
Topik dan Cabang |
agama ·
budaya ·
demografi |
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Kesenjangan sosial terjadi saat sumber daya yang ada di dalam suatu masyarakat tidak tersebar secara merata, yang menimbulkan pola-pola khusus berdasarkan kategori-kategori yang ditetapkan secara sosial. Kesenjangan sosial dihasilkan oleh perbedaan kekuasaan, agama, kekerabatan, martabat, ras, etnisitas, gender, usia dan golongan. Kesenjangan sosial berkaitan dengan kesenjangan ekonomi, yang biasanya dideskripsikan atas dasar distribusi pemasukan atau kekayaan yang tidak merata, merupakan jenis kesenjangan sosial yang sering diteliti. Ilmu ekonomi dan sosiologi secara aktif menggunakan pendekatan-pendekatan yang berbeda untuk meneliti dan menjelaskan kesenjangan ekonomi. Namun, sumber daya alam dan sosial selain sumber daya ekonomi murni juga tak tersebar secara merata dalam sebagian besar masyarakat dan dapat menghasilkan status sosial yang berbeda-beda. Norma-norma alokasi dapat berdampak pada distribusi hak dan kewajiban, kekuasaan sosial, akses pada barang-barang publik seperti pendidikan atau sistem yudisial, perumahan, transportasi, kredit dan jasa keuangan seperti perbankan dan barang dan jasa sosial lainnya.
Bacaan tambahan
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- Brennan, S (2009). "Feminist Ethics and Everyday Inequalities". Hypatia. 24 (1): 141–159. doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.00011.x.
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- Coburn, D (2004). "Beyond the income inequality hypothesis: class, neo-liberalism, and health inequalities". Social Science & Medicine. 58 (1): 41–56. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00159-x.
- Esping-Andersen, Gosta. 1999. "The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism." In The Welfare State Reader edited by Christopher Pierson and Francis G. Castles. Polity Press.
- Wilkinson, Richard; Pickett, Kate (2009). The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better. Allen Lane. ISBN 978-1-84614-039-6.
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- Cruz, Adrienne and Sabine Klinger (2011). Gender-based violence in the world of work International Labour Organization
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Pranala luar
suntingSumber pustaka mengenai Kesenjangan sosial |
- Inequality watch
- "Wealth Gap" - A Guide Diarsipkan 2014-07-14 di Wayback Machine. (January 2014), AP News
- Guardian.com/business/2015/jan/19/global-wealth-oxfam-inequality-davos-economic-summit-switzerland New Oxfam report says half of global wealth held by the 1% Diarsipkan 2015-11-03 di Wayback Machine. (2015-01-19). "Oxfam warns of widening inequality gap." The Guardian
- How Much More (Or Less) Would You Make If We Rolled Back Inequality? (January 2015). "How much more (or less) would families be earning today if inequality had remained flat since 1979?" National Public Radio
- OECD - Education GPS: Gender differences in education
Referensi
sunting- ^ Gischa, Serafica. Gischa, Serafica, ed. "Ketimpangan Sosial: Pengertian, Bentuk, dan Faktornya". Kompas.com. Diakses tanggal 2020-11-16.