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Mastocyto

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Mastocyto (MC) es un typo de leukocyto presente in connective texitos. Se caracterisa per le presentia in su cytoplasma de multe granulas continente chimic mediarores como serotonina, histamina, tryptase o heparina.

Iste cellulas contribue al defensa contra infectiose agentes e al cicatrisation, ma son alsi associate al allergia et al phenomeno de anaphylaxia.[1].

Description

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Mastocytos serea de origine embryonari, con progenitores provenente del sacco vitellin e de cellulas staminal hematopoietic (CSH)[2][3][4] Postea, embryonari mastocytos serea reimplaciate progressivemente per progenitores exite del medulla ossee.

Mastocytos son morphologicamente proxime del basophile granulocytos, ma mastocytos resida in texitos, quando un basophile es un cellula sanguinee circulante. Lor differentiation es assurate per cytokinas: le stamcellula factor pro mastocytos e interleukina-3 pro basophiles. Ambes son implicate in allergia ligate al immunoglobulina E e in immunitate innate, ma mediatores liberate son differente.[5]

Subtypos

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Se distingue septe typos de mastocyto appellate de CM-1 ad CM-7. CM1 se trova in vesica, CM-4, CM-6 e CM-7 in pelle, CM-2 in vias respiratori inferior, lymphatic gangliones, vasos sanguinee e vesica, CM-5 in musculos, pulmones e vesica. CM3 es distribuite in differente organos cuje le pancreas.[6][7]

Allergia

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Quando in contacto con un allergene, un mastocyto con specific IgE a su superficie libera rapidemente (mecanismo de exocytose) granulas caracteristic ric in histamina e heparina, e differente hormonal mediatores e chimiokinas. Histamina induce vasodilatation, causante assi differente signos caracteristic del inflammation, e recruta neutrophilos e macrophagos.[1]

Le mesme activation induce de maniera plus retardate (alcun horas) le synthese de numerose cytokinas (commo TNF-alpha) e chimiokinas (chimiotactismo) como interleukinas e leukotrienes. Assi, allergic reactiones son activate, aliquando sever como un choc anaphylactic qui genera un hypotension.

Sodium cromoglycato (cromoglicic acido) bloca mastocyto degranulation, fixante se sur lor membrana plasmic.

Referentias

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Viera Stvrtinová, Ján Jakubovský & Ivan Hulín (1995). Inflammation and Fever from Pathophysiology: Principles of Disease. Academic Electronic Press.
  2. ↑ R.Gentek, C.Ghigo, G.Hoeffel, M.J.Bulle, R.Msallam, G.Gautier,P.Launay, J.Chen, F.Ginhoux & M.Bajénoff. 2018. "Hemogenic endothelial fate mapping reveals dual developmental origin of mast cells". Immunity. 48:1160–1171.e5. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.025
  3. ↑ Z.Li, S.Liu, J.Xu, X.Zhang, D.Han, J.Liu, M.Xia, L.Yi, Q.Shen, S.Xu et al., 2018. "Adult connective tissue-resident mast cells originate from late erythro-myeloid progenitors". Immunity. 49:640–653.e5. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.023
  4. ↑ Nilsson, G. & J.S.Dahlin. 2019. "New insights into the origin of mast cells". Allergy. 74:844–845. doi:10.1111/all.13668
  5. ↑ M. Arock, "Similitudes et différences entre les mastocytes et le polynucléaire basophile", Revue française d’allergologie et d'immunologie clinique 44 (2004) 23–36
  6. ↑ https://presse.inserm.fr/premiere-cartographie-digitale-des-cellules-immunitaires-responsables-des-allergies/67370/
  7. ↑ Marie Tauber, Lilian Basso, Jeremy Martin, Luciana Bostan, Marlene Magalhaes Pinto, Guilhem R. Thierry, Raïssa Houmadi, Nadine Serhan, Alexia Loste, Camille Blériot, Jasper B.J. Kamphuis, Mirjana Grujic, Lena Kjellén, Gunnar Pejler, Carle Paul, Xinzhong Dong, Stephen J. Galli, Laurent L. Reber, Florent Ginhoux, Marc Bajenoff, Rebecca Gentek & Nicolas Gaudenzio (2023-07-18). "Landscape of mast cell populations across organs in mice and humans". Journal of Experimental Medicine. doi:10.1084/jem.20230570. 
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Iste pagina contine material traducite ab Wikipedia in francese. Le articulo original se trova in le version 195817606 de fr:Mastocyte, e es usate secundo le mandatos del licentia de Wikipedia.
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