Opera

Opera ek rakam ke play hae jisme baat kare ke bajae khaali gaawa jaae hae. Isme acting, scenery, kaprraa, naach, nai to ballet rahe hae.

Kuchh rakam ke opera

Grand opera me sab chij sangeet me rahe hae.
Opera bouffe (French bhasa), nai to Opera buffa (Italian bhasa) hansi waala opera hae. Iske khissa majaadaar (funny) rahe hae.
Opera comique (French bhasa) jisme kuchh bola waala sabd rahe hae.
Singspiel (German bhasa) jiske khissa me dher jaadu aur kalpana (fantasy) rahe hae. Gaana ke biich me baat rahe hae.
Operetta ek chhota opera rahe hae jon majedaar rahe hae aur isme kuchh baat rahe hae.

Opera ke itihaas

12th century ke biich me

Pahila opera jiske likha gais rahaa ke naam Ordo Virtutum rahaa, jiske 1151 me Hildegard of Bingen likhis rahaa. Iske naam Latin me hae jiske matlab, "Order of the Virtues" hae. Iske saait 1152 me St. Rupertsberg ke nun log perform kare rahin.

Baroque opera (1600 - 1750)

Pahila Baroque opera ke 1597 me Florence, Italy me likha aur act karaa gais rahaa. Iske naam Dafne rahaa aur iske composer Jacopo Peri rahaa. 1600 me Peri, Giulio Caccini ke saathe ek opera likhis rahaa jiske naam Euridice rahaa. Ii opera ek chhotaa audience ke khaatir rahaa aur iske ek club me perform karaa gais rahaa. 1607 me Claudio Monteverdi ek achchhaa opera, Orfeo, ke likhis rahaa jiske Mantua me produce karaa gais rahaa.

1637 me janata khaatir pahila opera house Venice me khula rahaa. Iske baad Italy me dher theatre khula aur dher opera banaawa gais jiske khissa Roman Empire aur Greek myths ke baare me rahaa. Iske baad Paris, Vienna aur Hamburg me opera house banaa. Ii time ke jaana maana composers rahin George Frideric Handel, Francesco Cavalli aur Alessandro Scarlatti

Classical opera (18th century ke end me)

1762 me Christoph Willibald Gluck Orfeo ed Euridice ke likhis joske Vienna me perform karaa gais rahaa. Isme dher chorus aur ballet rahaa lekin iske sabd Italian me rahaa. Iske kuchh sangeet ke aaj talak bajaawa jaae hae. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Gluck se sikh ke dher opera likhis, jaise Idomeneo, Don Giovanni, Le Nozze di Figaro aur Cosi fan tutte, jon Italian me hae aur The Abduction from the Serail aur The Magic Flute, jon German me hae. Ludwig van Beethoven khaali ek opera, Fidelio, ke likhis jon ek aurat ke baare me hae aur uu aapan premi ke jahel se bachaae hae. Ii opera German me rahaa.

Romantic opera (19th century)

Richard Wagner bhi Gluck ke idea ke aage barrhais. Uu gaayak ke apne se train karis aur baat ke apne likhis aur ii sab time German me rahaa. George Rossini dher opera likhis rahaa. Ii time ke aur opera likhe waala rahin Gioachino Rossini, Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti, Giuseppe Verdi, Mikhail Glinka, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Antonin Dvorak, Bedrich Smetana]], Leos Janacek aur Charles Gounod

20th century ke opera

20th century ke kuch opera likhe waala log rahin Richard Strauss, Giacomo Puccini, Alban Berg, Stravinsky, Gyorgy Ligeti, Kezysztof Penderecki, Harrison Birtwistle, Philip Glass aur John Adams