CD31
O CD31 (cluster de diferenciación 31) ou molécula de adhesión de célula endotelial e plaqueta (PECAM-1) é unha proteína codificada nos humanos no xene PECAM1 do cromosoma 17, que se encontra na superficie de certas células da liña hematopoética.[1][2][3][4] O PECAM-1 xoga un papel esencial na eliminación dos neutrófilos vellos do corpo.
Función
editarO PECAM-1 encóntrase na superficie de plaquetas, e leucocitos, e constitúen unha boa porción das unións intercelulares das células endoteliais. A proteína CD31 é membro da superfamilia das inmunoglobulinas e probablemente está implicada na migración transendotelial de leucocitos, anxioxénese, e activación de integrinas.[1][5] Impide a adhesión dos fagocitos a células viables (por un sinal de repulsión) e facilita a fagocitose das células inviables durante a apoptose.[6]
Distribución nos tecidos
editarO CD-31 encóntrase normalmente en células endoteliais, plaquetas (e megacariocitos), macrófagos e células de Kupffer, granulocitos (neutrófilos), linfocitos (células T), células NK, e osteoclastos.
O CD-31 tamén se expresa en cetos tumores, como o hemanxioendotelioma epitelioide, hemanxiotelioma de tipo sarcoma epitelioide, outros tumores vasculares, tumores malignos histiocíticos e plasmocitomas. Atópase raramente nalgúns sarcomas, como o de Kaposi[7][8] e carcinomas.
Inmunohistoquímica
editar
En inmunohistoquímica, o CD31 utilízase principalmente para demostrar a presenza de células endoteliais en preparacións de tecidos histolóxicos. Isto pode ser de axuda para avaliar o grao de anxioxénese tumoral, que pode implicar un crecemento rápido do tumor. As células endoteliais malignas tamén poden xeralmente conservar este antíxeno, polo que a inmunohistoquímica do CD31 pode tamén utilizarse para demostrar a presenza de anxiomas e anxiosarcomas. Tamén se pode demostrar a súa presenza en linfomas linfocíticos pequenos e linfomas linfoblásticos, aínda que se dispón de marcadores máis específicos para esas doenzas.[9]
Notas
editar- ↑ 1,0 1,1 "Entrez Gene: platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule".
- ↑ Newman PJ, Berndt MC, Gorski J, White GC, Lyman S, Paddock C, Muller WA (1990). "PECAM-1 (CD31) cloning and relation to adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily". Science 247 (4947): 1219–22. PMID 1690453. doi:10.1126/science.1690453.
- ↑ Gumina RJ, Kirschbaum NE, Rao PN, vanTuinen P, Newman PJ (1996). "The human PECAM1 gene maps to 17q23". Genomics 34 (2): 229–32. PMID 8661055. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0272.
- ↑ Xie Y, Muller WA (1996). "Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of the mouse platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1) to mouse chromosome 6, region F3-G1". Genomics 37 (2): 226–8. PMID 8921400. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0546.
- ↑ OMIM
- ↑ Uniprot PECA1
- ↑ Ganjei-Azar, Parvin (2007). Color Atlas of Immunocytochemistry in Diagnostic Cytology. [New York]: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. pp. 47. ISBN 978-0387-32121-9.
- ↑ Paolo Gattuso, ed. (2010). Differential diagnosis in surgical pathology. (2nd ed. ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. pp. 108. ISBN 978-1-4160-4580-9.
- ↑ Leong, Anthony S-Y; Cooper, Kumarason; Leong, F Joel W-M (2003). Manual of Diagnostic Cytology (2 ed.). Greenwich Medical Media, Ltd. p. 103. ISBN 1-84110-100-1.
Véxase tamén
editarBibliografía
editar- Jackson DE (2003). "The unfolding tale of PECAM-1.". FEBS Lett. 540 (1-3): 7–14. PMID 12681475. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00224-2.
- Newman PJ, Newman DK (2004). "Signal transduction pathways mediated by PECAM-1: new roles for an old molecule in platelet and vascular cell biology.". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23 (6): 953–64. PMID 12689916. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000071347.69358.D9.
- Ilan N, Madri JA (2004). "PECAM-1: old friend, new partners.". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 15 (5): 515–24. PMID 14519385. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(03)00100-5.
- Wong MX, Jackson DE (2004). "Regulation of B cell activation by PECAM-1: implications for the development of autoimmune disorders.". Curr. Pharm. Des. 10 (2): 155–61. PMID 14754395. doi:10.2174/1381612043453504.
- Kalinowska A, Losy J (2007). "PECAM-1, a key player in neuroinflammation.". Eur. J. Neurol. 13 (12): 1284–90. PMID 17116209. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01640.x.
- Stockinger H, Gadd SJ, Eher R; et al. (1991). "Molecular characterization and functional analysis of the leukocyte surface protein CD31.". J. Immunol. 145 (11): 3889–97. PMID 1700999.
- Albelda SM, Muller WA, Buck CA, Newman PJ (1991). "Molecular and cellular properties of PECAM-1 (endoCAM/CD31): a novel vascular cell-cell adhesion molecule.". J. Cell Biol. 114 (5): 1059–68. PMC 2289123. PMID 1874786. doi:10.1083/jcb.114.5.1059.
- Simmons DL, Walker C, Power C, Pigott R (1990). "Molecular cloning of CD31, a putative intercellular adhesion molecule closely related to carcinoembryonic antigen.". J. Exp. Med. 171 (6): 2147–52. PMC 2187965. PMID 2351935. doi:10.1084/jem.171.6.2147.
- Kirschbaum NE, Gumina RJ, Newman PJ (1995). "Organization of the gene for human platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 shows alternatively spliced isoforms and a functionally complex cytoplasmic domain.". Blood 84 (12): 4028–37. PMID 7994021.
- Tang DG, Chen YQ, Newman PJ; et al. (1993). "Identification of PECAM-1 in solid tumor cells and its potential involvement in tumor cell adhesion to endothelium.". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (30): 22883–94. PMID 8226797.
- Behar E, Chao NJ, Hiraki DD; et al. (1996). "Polymorphism of adhesion molecule CD31 and its role in acute graft-versus-host disease.". N. Engl. J. Med. 334 (5): 286–91. PMID 8532023. doi:10.1056/NEJM199602013340502.
- Lu TT, Yan LG, Madri JA (1996). "Integrin engagement mediates tyrosine dephosphorylation on platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (21): 11808–13. PMC 38140. PMID 8876219. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11808.
- Almendro N, Bellón T, Rius C; et al. (1997). "Cloning of the human platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 promoter and its tissue-specific expression. Structural and functional characterization.". J. Immunol. 157 (12): 5411–21. PMID 8955189.
- Jackson DE, Ward CM, Wang R, Newman PJ (1997). "The protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 binds platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and forms a distinct signaling complex during platelet aggregation. Evidence for a mechanistic link between PECAM-1- and integrin-mediated cellular signaling.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (11): 6986–93. PMID 9054388. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.11.6986.
- Famiglietti J, Sun J, DeLisser HM, Albelda SM (1997). "Tyrosine residue in exon 14 of the cytoplasmic domain of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) regulates ligand binding specificity.". J. Cell Biol. 138 (6): 1425–35. PMC 2132561. PMID 9298995. doi:10.1083/jcb.138.6.1425.
- Deaglio S, Morra M, Mallone R; et al. (1998). "Human CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase) is a counter-receptor of CD31, an Ig superfamily member.". J. Immunol. 160 (1): 395–402. PMID 9551996.
- Coukos G, Makrigiannakis A, Amin K; et al. (1999). "Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 is expressed by a subpopulation of human trophoblasts: a possible mechanism for trophoblast-endothelial interaction during haemochorial placentation.". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 4 (4): 357–67. PMID 9620836. doi:10.1093/molehr/4.4.357.
- Cao MY, Huber M, Beauchemin N; et al. (1998). "Regulation of mouse PECAM-1 tyrosine phosphorylation by the Src and Csk families of protein-tyrosine kinases.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (25): 15765–72. PMID 9624175. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.25.15765.
- Ma L, Mauro C, Cornish GH, Chai JG, Coe D, Fu H, Patton D, Okkenhaug K, Franzoso G, Dyson J, Nourshargh S, Marelli-Berg FM. (2010). "Ig gene-like molecule CD31 plays a nonredundant role in the regulation of T-cell immunity and tolerance.". PNAS 107 (45): 19461–6. PMID 20978210. doi:10.1073/pnas.1011748107.