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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Displaying Pipelines</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#displaying-a-pipeline-with-a-preprocessing-step-and-classifier">Displaying a Pipeline with a Preprocessing Step and Classifier</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#displaying-a-pipeline-chaining-multiple-preprocessing-steps-classifier">Displaying a Pipeline Chaining Multiple Preprocessing Steps & Classifier</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#displaying-a-pipeline-and-dimensionality-reduction-and-classifier">Displaying a Pipeline and Dimensionality Reduction and Classifier</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#displaying-a-complex-pipeline-chaining-a-column-transformer">Displaying a Complex Pipeline Chaining a Column Transformer</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#displaying-a-grid-search-over-a-pipeline-with-a-classifier">Displaying a Grid Search over a Pipeline with a Classifier</a></li>
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<p><a class="reference internal" href="#sphx-glr-download-auto-examples-miscellaneous-plot-pipeline-display-py"><span class="std std-ref">Go to the end</span></a>
to download the full example code or to run this example in your browser via JupyterLite or Binder</p>
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<section class="sphx-glr-example-title" id="displaying-pipelines">
<span id="sphx-glr-auto-examples-miscellaneous-plot-pipeline-display-py"></span><h1>Displaying Pipelines<a class="headerlink" href="#displaying-pipelines" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>The default configuration for displaying a pipeline in a Jupyter Notebook is
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'diagram'</span></code> where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_config(display='diagram')</span></code>. To deactivate HTML representation,
use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_config(display='text')</span></code>.</p>
<p>To see more detailed steps in the visualization of the pipeline, click on the
steps in the pipeline.</p>
<section id="displaying-a-pipeline-with-a-preprocessing-step-and-classifier">
<h2>Displaying a Pipeline with a Preprocessing Step and Classifier<a class="headerlink" href="#displaying-a-pipeline-with-a-preprocessing-step-and-classifier" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<blockquote>
<div><p>This section constructs a <a class="reference internal" href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline.html#sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline" title="sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Pipeline</span></code></a> with a preprocessing
step, <a class="reference internal" href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler.html#sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler" title="sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StandardScaler</span></code></a>, and classifier,
<a class="reference internal" href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html#sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression" title="sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LogisticRegression</span></code></a>, and displays its visual
representation.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<div class="highlight-Python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.set_config.html#sklearn.set_config" title="sklearn.set_config" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">set_config</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.linear_model</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html#sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression" title="sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-linear_model sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">LogisticRegression</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.pipeline</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline.html#sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline" title="sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-pipeline sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">Pipeline</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.preprocessing</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler.html#sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler" title="sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-preprocessing sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">StandardScaler</span></a>
<span class="n">steps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"preprocessing"</span><span class="p">,</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler.html#sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler" title="sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-preprocessing sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">StandardScaler</span></a><span class="p">()),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"classifier"</span><span class="p">,</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html#sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression" title="sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-linear_model sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">LogisticRegression</span></a><span class="p">()),</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">pipe</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline.html#sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline" title="sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-pipeline sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">Pipeline</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">steps</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To visualize the diagram, the default is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">display='diagram'</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-Python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.set_config.html#sklearn.set_config" title="sklearn.set_config" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">set_config</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"diagram"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">pipe</span> <span class="c1"># click on the diagram below to see the details of each step</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="output_subarea output_html rendered_html output_result">
<style>#sk-container-id-39 {
/* Definition of color scheme common for light and dark mode */
--sklearn-color-text: black;
--sklearn-color-line: gray;
/* Definition of color scheme for unfitted estimators */
--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0: #fff5e6;
--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1: #f6e4d2;
--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2: #ffe0b3;
--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3: chocolate;
/* Definition of color scheme for fitted estimators */
--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0: #f0f8ff;
--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1: #d4ebff;
--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2: #b3dbfd;
--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3: cornflowerblue;
/* Specific color for light theme */
--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));
--sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, white)));
--sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));
--sklearn-color-icon: #696969;
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
/* Redefinition of color scheme for dark theme */
--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));
--sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, #111)));
--sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));
--sklearn-color-icon: #878787;
}
}
#sk-container-id-39 {
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
}
#sk-container-id-39 pre {
padding: 0;
}
#sk-container-id-39 input.sk-hidden--visually {
border: 0;
clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
height: 1px;
margin: -1px;
overflow: hidden;
padding: 0;
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {
border: 1px dashed var(--sklearn-color-line);
margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;
box-sizing: border-box;
padding-bottom: 0.4em;
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-container {
/* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }`
but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }`
so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the
default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org.
See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */
display: inline-block !important;
position: relative;
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {
display: none;
}
div.sk-parallel-item,
div.sk-serial,
div.sk-item {
/* draw centered vertical line to link estimators */
background-image: linear-gradient(var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background), var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background));
background-size: 2px 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center center;
}
/* Parallel-specific style estimator block */
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-parallel-item::after {
content: "";
width: 100%;
border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);
flex-grow: 1;
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-parallel {
display: flex;
align-items: stretch;
justify-content: center;
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
position: relative;
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-parallel-item {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {
align-self: flex-end;
width: 50%;
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {
align-self: flex-start;
width: 50%;
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {
width: 0;
}
/* Serial-specific style estimator block */
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-serial {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
padding-right: 1em;
padding-left: 1em;
}
/* Toggleable style: style used for estimator/Pipeline/ColumnTransformer box that is
clickable and can be expanded/collapsed.
- Pipeline and ColumnTransformer use this feature and define the default style
- Estimators will overwrite some part of the style using the `sk-estimator` class
*/
/* Pipeline and ColumnTransformer style (default) */
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-toggleable {
/* Default theme specific background. It is overwritten whether we have a
specific estimator or a Pipeline/ColumnTransformer */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
}
/* Toggleable label */
#sk-container-id-39 label.sk-toggleable__label {
cursor: pointer;
display: block;
width: 100%;
margin-bottom: 0;
padding: 0.5em;
box-sizing: border-box;
text-align: center;
}
#sk-container-id-39 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {
/* Arrow on the left of the label */
content: "▸";
float: left;
margin-right: 0.25em;
color: var(--sklearn-color-icon);
}
#sk-container-id-39 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
}
/* Toggleable content - dropdown */
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-toggleable__content {
max-height: 0;
max-width: 0;
overflow: hidden;
text-align: left;
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted {
/* fitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {
margin: 0.2em;
border-radius: 0.25em;
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted pre {
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);
}
#sk-container-id-39 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {
/* Expand drop-down */
max-height: 200px;
max-width: 100%;
overflow: auto;
}
#sk-container-id-39 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {
content: "▾";
}
/* Pipeline/ColumnTransformer-specific style */
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-label.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);
}
/* Estimator-specific style */
/* Colorize estimator box */
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-estimator.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {
/* fitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-label label.sk-toggleable__label,
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-label label {
/* The background is the default theme color */
color: var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);
}
/* On hover, darken the color of the background */
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);
}
/* Label box, darken color on hover, fitted */
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-label.fitted:hover label.sk-toggleable__label.fitted {
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);
}
/* Estimator label */
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-label label {
font-family: monospace;
font-weight: bold;
display: inline-block;
line-height: 1.2em;
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-label-container {
text-align: center;
}
/* Estimator-specific */
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-estimator {
font-family: monospace;
border: 1px dotted var(--sklearn-color-border-box);
border-radius: 0.25em;
box-sizing: border-box;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-estimator.fitted {
/* fitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);
}
/* on hover */
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-estimator:hover {
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);
}
#sk-container-id-39 div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover {
/* fitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);
}
/* Specification for estimator info (e.g. "i" and "?") */
/* Common style for "i" and "?" */
.sk-estimator-doc-link,
a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link,
a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link {
float: right;
font-size: smaller;
line-height: 1em;
font-family: monospace;
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
border-radius: 1em;
height: 1em;
width: 1em;
text-decoration: none !important;
margin-left: 1ex;
/* unfitted */
border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;
color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);
}
.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,
a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,
a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted {
/* fitted */
border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;
color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);
}
/* On hover */
div.sk-estimator:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,
.sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,
div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,
.sk-estimator-doc-link:hover {
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);
color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
text-decoration: none;
}
div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,
.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,
div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,
.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover {
/* fitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);
color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
text-decoration: none;
}
/* Span, style for the box shown on hovering the info icon */
.sk-estimator-doc-link span {
display: none;
z-index: 9999;
position: relative;
font-weight: normal;
right: .2ex;
padding: .5ex;
margin: .5ex;
width: min-content;
min-width: 20ex;
max-width: 50ex;
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
box-shadow: 2pt 2pt 4pt #999;
/* unfitted */
background: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);
border: .5pt solid var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);
}
.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted span {
/* fitted */
background: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);
border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);
}
.sk-estimator-doc-link:hover span {
display: block;
}
/* "?"-specific style due to the `<a>` HTML tag */
#sk-container-id-39 a.estimator_doc_link {
float: right;
font-size: 1rem;
line-height: 1em;
font-family: monospace;
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
border-radius: 1rem;
height: 1rem;
width: 1rem;
text-decoration: none;
/* unfitted */
color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);
border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;
}
#sk-container-id-39 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted {
/* fitted */
border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;
color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);
}
/* On hover */
#sk-container-id-39 a.estimator_doc_link:hover {
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);
color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
text-decoration: none;
}
#sk-container-id-39 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted:hover {
/* fitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);
}
</style><div id="sk-container-id-39" class="sk-top-container"><div class="sk-text-repr-fallback"><pre>Pipeline(steps=[('preprocessing', StandardScaler()),
('classifier', LogisticRegression())])</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class="sk-container" hidden><div class="sk-item sk-dashed-wrapped"><div class="sk-label-container"><div class="sk-label sk-toggleable"><input class="sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually" id="sk-estimator-id-168" type="checkbox" ><label for="sk-estimator-id-168" class="sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow "> Pipeline<a class="sk-estimator-doc-link " rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline.html">?<span>Documentation for Pipeline</span></a><span class="sk-estimator-doc-link ">i<span>Not fitted</span></span></label><div class="sk-toggleable__content "><pre>Pipeline(steps=[('preprocessing', StandardScaler()),
('classifier', LogisticRegression())])</pre></div> </div></div><div class="sk-serial"><div class="sk-item"><div class="sk-estimator sk-toggleable"><input class="sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually" id="sk-estimator-id-169" type="checkbox" ><label for="sk-estimator-id-169" class="sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow "> StandardScaler<a class="sk-estimator-doc-link " rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler.html">?<span>Documentation for StandardScaler</span></a></label><div class="sk-toggleable__content "><pre>StandardScaler()</pre></div> </div></div><div class="sk-item"><div class="sk-estimator sk-toggleable"><input class="sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually" id="sk-estimator-id-170" type="checkbox" ><label for="sk-estimator-id-170" class="sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow "> LogisticRegression<a class="sk-estimator-doc-link " rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html">?<span>Documentation for LogisticRegression</span></a></label><div class="sk-toggleable__content "><pre>LogisticRegression()</pre></div> </div></div></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<br />
<br /><p>To view the text pipeline, change to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">display='text'</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-Python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.set_config.html#sklearn.set_config" title="sklearn.set_config" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">set_config</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">pipe</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="sphx-glr-script-out highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Pipeline(steps=[('preprocessing', StandardScaler()),
('classifier', LogisticRegression())])
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Put back the default display</p>
<div class="highlight-Python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.set_config.html#sklearn.set_config" title="sklearn.set_config" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">set_config</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"diagram"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="displaying-a-pipeline-chaining-multiple-preprocessing-steps-classifier">
<h2>Displaying a Pipeline Chaining Multiple Preprocessing Steps & Classifier<a class="headerlink" href="#displaying-a-pipeline-chaining-multiple-preprocessing-steps-classifier" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<blockquote>
<div><p>This section constructs a <a class="reference internal" href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline.html#sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline" title="sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Pipeline</span></code></a> with multiple
preprocessing steps, <a class="reference internal" href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.PolynomialFeatures.html#sklearn.preprocessing.PolynomialFeatures" title="sklearn.preprocessing.PolynomialFeatures"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PolynomialFeatures</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler.html#sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler" title="sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StandardScaler</span></code></a>, and a classifier step,
<a class="reference internal" href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html#sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression" title="sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LogisticRegression</span></code></a>, and displays its visual
representation.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<div class="highlight-Python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.linear_model</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html#sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression" title="sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-linear_model sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">LogisticRegression</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.pipeline</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline.html#sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline" title="sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-pipeline sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">Pipeline</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.preprocessing</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.PolynomialFeatures.html#sklearn.preprocessing.PolynomialFeatures" title="sklearn.preprocessing.PolynomialFeatures" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-preprocessing sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">PolynomialFeatures</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler.html#sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler" title="sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-preprocessing sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">StandardScaler</span></a>
<span class="n">steps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"standard_scaler"</span><span class="p">,</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler.html#sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler" title="sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-preprocessing sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">StandardScaler</span></a><span class="p">()),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"polynomial"</span><span class="p">,</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.PolynomialFeatures.html#sklearn.preprocessing.PolynomialFeatures" title="sklearn.preprocessing.PolynomialFeatures" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-preprocessing sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">PolynomialFeatures</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">degree</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"classifier"</span><span class="p">,</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html#sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression" title="sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-linear_model sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">LogisticRegression</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">)),</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">pipe</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline.html#sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline" title="sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-pipeline sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">Pipeline</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">steps</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">pipe</span> <span class="c1"># click on the diagram below to see the details of each step</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="output_subarea output_html rendered_html output_result">
<style>#sk-container-id-40 {
/* Definition of color scheme common for light and dark mode */
--sklearn-color-text: black;
--sklearn-color-line: gray;
/* Definition of color scheme for unfitted estimators */
--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0: #fff5e6;
--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1: #f6e4d2;
--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2: #ffe0b3;
--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3: chocolate;
/* Definition of color scheme for fitted estimators */
--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0: #f0f8ff;
--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1: #d4ebff;
--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2: #b3dbfd;
--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3: cornflowerblue;
/* Specific color for light theme */
--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));
--sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, white)));
--sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));
--sklearn-color-icon: #696969;
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
/* Redefinition of color scheme for dark theme */
--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));
--sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, #111)));
--sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));
--sklearn-color-icon: #878787;
}
}
#sk-container-id-40 {
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
}
#sk-container-id-40 pre {
padding: 0;
}
#sk-container-id-40 input.sk-hidden--visually {
border: 0;
clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
height: 1px;
margin: -1px;
overflow: hidden;
padding: 0;
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {
border: 1px dashed var(--sklearn-color-line);
margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;
box-sizing: border-box;
padding-bottom: 0.4em;
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-container {
/* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }`
but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }`
so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the
default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org.
See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */
display: inline-block !important;
position: relative;
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {
display: none;
}
div.sk-parallel-item,
div.sk-serial,
div.sk-item {
/* draw centered vertical line to link estimators */
background-image: linear-gradient(var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background), var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background));
background-size: 2px 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center center;
}
/* Parallel-specific style estimator block */
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-parallel-item::after {
content: "";
width: 100%;
border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);
flex-grow: 1;
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-parallel {
display: flex;
align-items: stretch;
justify-content: center;
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
position: relative;
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-parallel-item {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {
align-self: flex-end;
width: 50%;
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {
align-self: flex-start;
width: 50%;
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {
width: 0;
}
/* Serial-specific style estimator block */
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-serial {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
padding-right: 1em;
padding-left: 1em;
}
/* Toggleable style: style used for estimator/Pipeline/ColumnTransformer box that is
clickable and can be expanded/collapsed.
- Pipeline and ColumnTransformer use this feature and define the default style
- Estimators will overwrite some part of the style using the `sk-estimator` class
*/
/* Pipeline and ColumnTransformer style (default) */
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-toggleable {
/* Default theme specific background. It is overwritten whether we have a
specific estimator or a Pipeline/ColumnTransformer */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
}
/* Toggleable label */
#sk-container-id-40 label.sk-toggleable__label {
cursor: pointer;
display: block;
width: 100%;
margin-bottom: 0;
padding: 0.5em;
box-sizing: border-box;
text-align: center;
}
#sk-container-id-40 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {
/* Arrow on the left of the label */
content: "▸";
float: left;
margin-right: 0.25em;
color: var(--sklearn-color-icon);
}
#sk-container-id-40 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
}
/* Toggleable content - dropdown */
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-toggleable__content {
max-height: 0;
max-width: 0;
overflow: hidden;
text-align: left;
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted {
/* fitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {
margin: 0.2em;
border-radius: 0.25em;
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted pre {
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);
}
#sk-container-id-40 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {
/* Expand drop-down */
max-height: 200px;
max-width: 100%;
overflow: auto;
}
#sk-container-id-40 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {
content: "▾";
}
/* Pipeline/ColumnTransformer-specific style */
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-label.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);
}
/* Estimator-specific style */
/* Colorize estimator box */
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-estimator.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {
/* fitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-label label.sk-toggleable__label,
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-label label {
/* The background is the default theme color */
color: var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);
}
/* On hover, darken the color of the background */
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);
}
/* Label box, darken color on hover, fitted */
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-label.fitted:hover label.sk-toggleable__label.fitted {
color: var(--sklearn-color-text);
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);
}
/* Estimator label */
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-label label {
font-family: monospace;
font-weight: bold;
display: inline-block;
line-height: 1.2em;
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-label-container {
text-align: center;
}
/* Estimator-specific */
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-estimator {
font-family: monospace;
border: 1px dotted var(--sklearn-color-border-box);
border-radius: 0.25em;
box-sizing: border-box;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-estimator.fitted {
/* fitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);
}
/* on hover */
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-estimator:hover {
/* unfitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);
}
#sk-container-id-40 div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover {
/* fitted */
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);
}
/* Specification for estimator info (e.g. "i" and "?") */
/* Common style for "i" and "?" */
.sk-estimator-doc-link,
a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link,
a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link {
float: right;
font-size: smaller;
line-height: 1em;
font-family: monospace;
background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);
border-radius: 1em;
height: 1em;
width: 1em;
text-decoration: none !important;
margin-left: 1ex;
/* unfitted */
border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;
color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);
}
.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,
a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,
a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted {
/* fitted */
border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;
color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);
}