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<section class="sphx-glr-example-title" id="feature-agglomeration">
<span id="sphx-glr-auto-examples-cluster-plot-digits-agglomeration-py"></span><h1>Feature agglomeration<a class="headerlink" href="#feature-agglomeration" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>These images show how similar features are merged together using
feature agglomeration.</p>
<img src="../../_images/sphx_glr_plot_digits_agglomeration_001.png" srcset="../../_images/sphx_glr_plot_digits_agglomeration_001.png" alt="Original data, Agglomerated data, Labels" class = "sphx-glr-single-img"/><div class="highlight-Python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Code source: Gaël Varoquaux</span>
<span class="c1"># Modified for documentation by Jaques Grobler</span>
<span class="c1"># License: BSD 3 clause</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">cluster</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">datasets</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.feature_extraction.image</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">grid_to_graph</span>
<span class="n">digits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.datasets.load_digits.html#sklearn.datasets.load_digits" title="sklearn.datasets.load_digits" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-datasets sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">datasets</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_digits</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">images</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">digits</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">images</span>
<span class="n">X</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.reshape.html#numpy.reshape" title="numpy.reshape" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">images</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">images</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">connectivity</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">grid_to_graph</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">images</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">agglo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.cluster.FeatureAgglomeration.html#sklearn.cluster.FeatureAgglomeration" title="sklearn.cluster.FeatureAgglomeration" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-sklearn-cluster sphx-glr-backref-type-py-class sphx-glr-backref-instance"><span class="n">cluster</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FeatureAgglomeration</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">connectivity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">connectivity</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n_clusters</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">agglo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">X_reduced</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">agglo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">X_restored</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">agglo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">inverse_transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X_reduced</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">images_restored</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.reshape.html#numpy.reshape" title="numpy.reshape" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X_restored</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">images</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="matplotlib.pyplot.figure" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.5</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.clf.html#matplotlib.pyplot.clf" title="matplotlib.pyplot.clf" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clf</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots_adjust.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots_adjust" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplots_adjust" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots_adjust</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.99</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bottom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.91</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplot" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplot</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.imshow.html#matplotlib.pyplot.imshow" title="matplotlib.pyplot.imshow" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">imshow</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">images</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">cmap</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gray</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">vmax</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">interpolation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"nearest"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.xticks.html#matplotlib.pyplot.xticks" title="matplotlib.pyplot.xticks" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xticks</span></a><span class="p">(())</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.yticks.html#matplotlib.pyplot.yticks" title="matplotlib.pyplot.yticks" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yticks</span></a><span class="p">(())</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.title.html#matplotlib.pyplot.title" title="matplotlib.pyplot.title" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Original data"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.title.html#matplotlib.pyplot.title" title="matplotlib.pyplot.title" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Agglomerated data"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.xticks.html#matplotlib.pyplot.xticks" title="matplotlib.pyplot.xticks" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xticks</span></a><span class="p">(())</span>
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<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplot.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplot" title="matplotlib.pyplot.subplot" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplot</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.imshow.html#matplotlib.pyplot.imshow" title="matplotlib.pyplot.imshow" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">imshow</span></a><span class="p">(</span>
<a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.reshape.html#numpy.reshape" title="numpy.reshape" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-numpy sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">agglo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">labels_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">images</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">interpolation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"nearest"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">cmap</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nipy_spectral</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.xticks.html#matplotlib.pyplot.xticks" title="matplotlib.pyplot.xticks" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xticks</span></a><span class="p">(())</span>
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<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.title.html#matplotlib.pyplot.title" title="matplotlib.pyplot.title" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Labels"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="matplotlib.pyplot.show" class="sphx-glr-backref-module-matplotlib-pyplot sphx-glr-backref-type-py-function"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
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