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<div class="section" id="plot-the-decision-boundaries-of-a-votingclassifier">
<span id="example-ensemble-plot-voting-decision-regions-py"></span><h1>Plot the decision boundaries of a VotingClassifier<a class="headerlink" href="#plot-the-decision-boundaries-of-a-votingclassifier" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Plot the decision boundaries of a <cite>VotingClassifier</cite> for
two features of the Iris dataset.</p>
<p>Plot the class probabilities of the first sample in a toy dataset
predicted by three different classifiers and averaged by the
<cite>VotingClassifier</cite>.</p>
<p>First, three examplary classifiers are initialized (<cite>DecisionTreeClassifier</cite>,
<cite>KNeighborsClassifier</cite>, and <cite>SVC</cite>) and used to initialize a
soft-voting <cite>VotingClassifier</cite> with weights <cite>[2, 1, 2]</cite>, which means that
the predicted probabilities of the <cite>DecisionTreeClassifier</cite> and <cite>SVC</cite>
count 5 times as much as the weights of the <cite>KNeighborsClassifier</cite> classifier
when the averaged probability is calculated.</p>
<img alt="../../_images/plot_voting_decision_regions_001.png" class="align-center" src="../../_images/plot_voting_decision_regions_001.png" />
<p><strong>Python source code:</strong> <a class="reference download internal" href="../../_downloads/plot_voting_decision_regions.py"><code class="xref download docutils literal"><span class="pre">plot_voting_decision_regions.py</span></code></a></p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">__doc__</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">itertools</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">product</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">datasets</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.tree</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeClassifier.html#sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeClassifier"><span class="n">DecisionTreeClassifier</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.neighbors</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier.html#sklearn.neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier"><span class="n">KNeighborsClassifier</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.svm</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.svm.SVC.html#sklearn.svm.SVC"><span class="n">SVC</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.ensemble</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.VotingClassifier.html#sklearn.ensemble.VotingClassifier"><span class="n">VotingClassifier</span></a>
<span class="c1"># Loading some example data</span>
<span class="n">iris</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datasets</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_iris</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">X</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">iris</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">iris</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">target</span>
<span class="c1"># Training classifiers</span>
<span class="n">clf1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeClassifier.html#sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeClassifier"><span class="n">DecisionTreeClassifier</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_depth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">clf2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier.html#sklearn.neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier"><span class="n">KNeighborsClassifier</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_neighbors</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">clf3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.svm.SVC.html#sklearn.svm.SVC"><span class="n">SVC</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">kernel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'rbf'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">probability</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">eclf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.VotingClassifier.html#sklearn.ensemble.VotingClassifier"><span class="n">VotingClassifier</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">estimators</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="s1">'dt'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clf1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'knn'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clf2</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'svc'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clf3</span><span class="p">)],</span>
<span class="n">voting</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'soft'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weights</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">clf1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">clf2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">clf3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">eclf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Plotting decision regions</span>
<span class="n">x_min</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x_max</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">X</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">X</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">y_min</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_max</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">X</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">X</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">xx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">yy</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.6.0/reference/generated/numpy.meshgrid.html#numpy.meshgrid"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">meshgrid</span></a><span class="p">(</span><a href="http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.6.0/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x_min</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x_max</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">),</span>
<a href="http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.6.0/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_min</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_max</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axarr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="http://matplotlib.org/api/pyplot_api.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sharex</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'col'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sharey</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'row'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tt</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">product</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]),</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">clf1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clf2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clf3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">eclf</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'Decision Tree (depth=4)'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'KNN (k=7)'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">'Kernel SVM'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Soft Voting'</span><span class="p">]):</span>
<span class="n">Z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">clf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">predict</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.6.0/reference/generated/numpy.c_.html#numpy.c_"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">xx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ravel</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">yy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ravel</span><span class="p">()])</span>
<span class="n">Z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Z</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xx</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axarr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contourf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xx</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">yy</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Z</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axarr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">scatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">X</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">axarr</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="http://matplotlib.org/api/pyplot_api.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>Total running time of the example:</strong> 0.38 seconds
( 0 minutes 0.38 seconds)</p>
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