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<div class="section" id="torch-utils-cpp-extension">
<h1>torch.utils.cpp_extension<a class="headerlink" href="#torch-utils-cpp-extension" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="torch.utils.cpp_extension.CppExtension">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">torch.utils.cpp_extension.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CppExtension</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sources</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">**</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kwargs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/torch/utils/cpp_extension.html#CppExtension"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/v2.6.0/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py#L956"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.CppExtension" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setuptools.Extension</span></code> for C++.</p>
<p>Convenience method that creates a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setuptools.Extension</span></code> with the
bare minimum (but often sufficient) arguments to build a C++ extension.</p>
<p>All arguments are forwarded to the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setuptools.Extension</span></code>
constructor. Full list arguments can be found at
<a class="reference external" href="https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/ext_modules.html#extension-api-reference">https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/ext_modules.html#extension-api-reference</a></p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The PyTorch python API (as provided in libtorch_python) cannot be built
with the flag <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_limited_api=True</span></code>. When this flag is passed, it is
the user’s responsibility in their library to not use APIs from
libtorch_python (in particular pytorch/python bindings) and to only use
APIs from libtorch (aten objects, operators and the dispatcher). For
example, to give access to custom ops from python, the library should
register the ops through the dispatcher.</p>
</div>
<p class="rubric">Example</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">setuptools</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">torch.utils.cpp_extension</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BuildExtension</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">CppExtension</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'extension'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ext_modules</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">CppExtension</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'extension'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">sources</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'extension.cpp'</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">extra_compile_args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'-g'</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">extra_link_args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'-Wl,--no-as-needed'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'-lm'</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">cmdclass</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s1">'build_ext'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">BuildExtension</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="p">})</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="torch.utils.cpp_extension.CUDAExtension">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">torch.utils.cpp_extension.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CUDAExtension</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sources</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">**</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kwargs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/torch/utils/cpp_extension.html#CUDAExtension"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/v2.6.0/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py#L1018"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.CUDAExtension" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setuptools.Extension</span></code> for CUDA/C++.</p>
<p>Convenience method that creates a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setuptools.Extension</span></code> with the
bare minimum (but often sufficient) arguments to build a CUDA/C++
extension. This includes the CUDA include path, library path and runtime
library.</p>
<p>All arguments are forwarded to the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setuptools.Extension</span></code>
constructor. Full list arguments can be found at
<a class="reference external" href="https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/ext_modules.html#extension-api-reference">https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/ext_modules.html#extension-api-reference</a></p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The PyTorch python API (as provided in libtorch_python) cannot be built
with the flag <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">py_limited_api=True</span></code>. When this flag is passed, it is
the user’s responsibility in their library to not use APIs from
libtorch_python (in particular pytorch/python bindings) and to only use
APIs from libtorch (aten objects, operators and the dispatcher). For
example, to give access to custom ops from python, the library should
register the ops through the dispatcher.</p>
</div>
<p class="rubric">Example</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">setuptools</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">setup</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">torch.utils.cpp_extension</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BuildExtension</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">CUDAExtension</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">setup</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'cuda_extension'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">ext_modules</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">CUDAExtension</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'cuda_extension'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">sources</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'extension.cpp'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'extension_kernel.cu'</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">extra_compile_args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'cxx'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'-g'</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s1">'nvcc'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'-O2'</span><span class="p">]},</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">extra_link_args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'-Wl,--no-as-needed'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'-lcuda'</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">cmdclass</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s1">'build_ext'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">BuildExtension</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="p">})</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Compute capabilities:</p>
<p>By default the extension will be compiled to run on all archs of the cards visible during the
building process of the extension, plus PTX. If down the road a new card is installed the
extension may need to be recompiled. If a visible card has a compute capability (CC) that’s
newer than the newest version for which your nvcc can build fully-compiled binaries, PyTorch
will make nvcc fall back to building kernels with the newest version of PTX your nvcc does
support (see below for details on PTX).</p>
<p>You can override the default behavior using <cite>TORCH_CUDA_ARCH_LIST</cite> to explicitly specify which
CCs you want the extension to support:</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TORCH_CUDA_ARCH_LIST="6.1</span> <span class="pre">8.6"</span> <span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">build_my_extension.py</span></code>
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TORCH_CUDA_ARCH_LIST="5.2</span> <span class="pre">6.0</span> <span class="pre">6.1</span> <span class="pre">7.0</span> <span class="pre">7.5</span> <span class="pre">8.0</span> <span class="pre">8.6+PTX"</span> <span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">build_my_extension.py</span></code></p>
<p>The +PTX option causes extension kernel binaries to include PTX instructions for the specified
CC. PTX is an intermediate representation that allows kernels to runtime-compile for any CC >=
the specified CC (for example, 8.6+PTX generates PTX that can runtime-compile for any GPU with
CC >= 8.6). This improves your binary’s forward compatibility. However, relying on older PTX to
provide forward compat by runtime-compiling for newer CCs can modestly reduce performance on
those newer CCs. If you know exact CC(s) of the GPUs you want to target, you’re always better
off specifying them individually. For example, if you want your extension to run on 8.0 and 8.6,
“8.0+PTX” would work functionally because it includes PTX that can runtime-compile for 8.6, but
“8.0 8.6” would be better.</p>
<p>Note that while it’s possible to include all supported archs, the more archs get included the
slower the building process will be, as it will build a separate kernel image for each arch.</p>
<p>Note that CUDA-11.5 nvcc will hit internal compiler error while parsing torch/extension.h on Windows.
To workaround the issue, move python binding logic to pure C++ file.</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Example use:</dt><dd><p>#include <ATen/ATen.h>
at::Tensor SigmoidAlphaBlendForwardCuda(….)</p>
</dd>
<dt>Instead of:</dt><dd><p>#include <torch/extension.h>
torch::Tensor SigmoidAlphaBlendForwardCuda(…)</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Currently open issue for nvcc bug: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/69460">https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/69460</a>
Complete workaround code example: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/facebookresearch/pytorch3d/commit/cb170ac024a949f1f9614ffe6af1c38d972f7d48">https://github.com/facebookresearch/pytorch3d/commit/cb170ac024a949f1f9614ffe6af1c38d972f7d48</a></p>
<p>Relocatable device code linking:</p>
<p>If you want to reference device symbols across compilation units (across object files),
the object files need to be built with <cite>relocatable device code</cite> (-rdc=true or -dc).
An exception to this rule is “dynamic parallelism” (nested kernel launches) which is not used a lot anymore.
<cite>Relocatable device code</cite> is less optimized so it needs to be used only on object files that need it.
Using <cite>-dlto</cite> (Device Link Time Optimization) at the device code compilation step and <cite>dlink</cite> step
helps reduce the protentional perf degradation of <cite>-rdc</cite>.
Note that it needs to be used at both steps to be useful.</p>
<p>If you have <cite>rdc</cite> objects you need to have an extra <cite>-dlink</cite> (device linking) step before the CPU symbol linking step.
There is also a case where <cite>-dlink</cite> is used without <cite>-rdc</cite>:
when an extension is linked against a static lib containing rdc-compiled objects
like the [NVSHMEM library](<a class="reference external" href="https://developer.nvidia.com/nvshmem">https://developer.nvidia.com/nvshmem</a>).</p>
<p>Note: Ninja is required to build a CUDA Extension with RDC linking.</p>
<p class="rubric">Example</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">CUDAExtension</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'cuda_extension'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">sources</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'extension.cpp'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'extension_kernel.cu'</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">dlink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">dlink_libraries</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"dlink_lib"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">extra_compile_args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'cxx'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'-g'</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s1">'nvcc'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'-O2'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'-rdc=true'</span><span class="p">]})</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="torch.utils.cpp_extension.BuildExtension">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">torch.utils.cpp_extension.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">BuildExtension</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">**</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kwargs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/torch/utils/cpp_extension.html#BuildExtension"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/v2.6.0/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py#L483"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.BuildExtension" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A custom <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setuptools</span></code> build extension .</p>
<p>This <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setuptools.build_ext</span></code> subclass takes care of passing the
minimum required compiler flags (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-std=c++17</span></code>) as well as mixed
C++/CUDA compilation (and support for CUDA files in general).</p>
<p>When using <a class="reference internal" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.BuildExtension" title="torch.utils.cpp_extension.BuildExtension"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BuildExtension</span></code></a>, it is allowed to supply a dictionary
for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra_compile_args</span></code> (rather than the usual list) that maps from
languages (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cxx</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nvcc</span></code>) to a list of additional compiler flags to
supply to the compiler. This makes it possible to supply different flags to
the C++ and CUDA compiler during mixed compilation.</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">use_ninja</span></code> (bool): If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">use_ninja</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> (default), then we
attempt to build using the Ninja backend. Ninja greatly speeds up
compilation compared to the standard <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setuptools.build_ext</span></code>.
Fallbacks to the standard distutils backend if Ninja is not available.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>By default, the Ninja backend uses #CPUS + 2 workers to build the
extension. This may use up too many resources on some systems. One
can control the number of workers by setting the <cite>MAX_JOBS</cite> environment
variable to a non-negative number.</p>
</div>
<dl class="field-list simple">
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="torch.utils.cpp_extension.load">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">torch.utils.cpp_extension.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">load</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">sources</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">extra_cflags</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">extra_cuda_cflags</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">extra_ldflags</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">extra_include_paths</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">build_directory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">verbose</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">with_cuda</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_python_module</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_standalone</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">keep_intermediates</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/torch/utils/cpp_extension.html#load"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/v2.6.0/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py#L1288"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.load" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Load a PyTorch C++ extension just-in-time (JIT).</p>
<p>To load an extension, a Ninja build file is emitted, which is used to
compile the given sources into a dynamic library. This library is
subsequently loaded into the current Python process as a module and
returned from this function, ready for use.</p>
<p>By default, the directory to which the build file is emitted and the
resulting library compiled to is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><tmp>/torch_extensions/<name></span></code>, where
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><tmp></span></code> is the temporary folder on the current platform and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><name></span></code>
the name of the extension. This location can be overridden in two ways.
First, if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TORCH_EXTENSIONS_DIR</span></code> environment variable is set, it
replaces <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><tmp>/torch_extensions</span></code> and all extensions will be compiled
into subfolders of this directory. Second, if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build_directory</span></code>
argument to this function is supplied, it overrides the entire path, i.e.
the library will be compiled into that folder directly.</p>
<p>To compile the sources, the default system compiler (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">c++</span></code>) is used,
which can be overridden by setting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CXX</span></code> environment variable. To pass
additional arguments to the compilation process, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra_cflags</span></code> or
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra_ldflags</span></code> can be provided. For example, to compile your extension
with optimizations, pass <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra_cflags=['-O3']</span></code>. You can also use
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra_cflags</span></code> to pass further include directories.</p>
<p>CUDA support with mixed compilation is provided. Simply pass CUDA source
files (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.cu</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.cuh</span></code>) along with other sources. Such files will be
detected and compiled with nvcc rather than the C++ compiler. This includes
passing the CUDA lib64 directory as a library directory, and linking
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cudart</span></code>. You can pass additional flags to nvcc via
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra_cuda_cflags</span></code>, just like with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra_cflags</span></code> for C++. Various
heuristics for finding the CUDA install directory are used, which usually
work fine. If not, setting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CUDA_HOME</span></code> environment variable is the
safest option.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>name</strong> – The name of the extension to build. This MUST be the same as the
name of the pybind11 module!</p></li>
<li><p><strong>sources</strong> (<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" title="(in Python v3.13)"><em>Union</em></a><em>[</em><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.13)"><em>str</em></a><em>, </em><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.List" title="(in Python v3.13)"><em>List</em></a><em>[</em><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.13)"><em>str</em></a><em>]</em><em>]</em>) – A list of relative or absolute paths to C++ source files.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>extra_cflags</strong> – optional list of compiler flags to forward to the build.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>extra_cuda_cflags</strong> – optional list of compiler flags to forward to nvcc
when building CUDA sources.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>extra_ldflags</strong> – optional list of linker flags to forward to the build.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>extra_include_paths</strong> – optional list of include directories to forward
to the build.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>build_directory</strong> – optional path to use as build workspace.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>verbose</strong> – If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, turns on verbose logging of load steps.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>with_cuda</strong> (<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Optional" title="(in Python v3.13)"><em>Optional</em></a><em>[</em><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.13)"><em>bool</em></a><em>]</em>) – Determines whether CUDA headers and libraries are added to
the build. If set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> (default), this value is
automatically determined based on the existence of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.cu</span></code> or
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.cuh</span></code> in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sources</span></code>. Set it to <cite>True`</cite> to force CUDA headers
and libraries to be included.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>is_python_module</strong> – If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> (default), imports the produced shared
library as a Python module. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>, behavior depends on
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_standalone</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>is_standalone</strong> – If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> (default) loads the constructed extension
into the process as a plain dynamic library. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, build a
standalone executable.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><p>Returns the loaded PyTorch extension as a Python module.</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_python_module</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_standalone</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>:</dt><dd><p>Returns nothing. (The shared library is loaded into the process as
a side effect.)</p>
</dd>
<dt>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_standalone</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</dt><dd><p>Return the path to the executable. (On Windows, TORCH_LIB_PATH is
added to the PATH environment variable as a side effect.)</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Return type</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_python_module</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code></p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="rubric">Example</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">torch.utils.cpp_extension</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">load</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">module</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'extension'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">sources</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'extension.cpp'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'extension_kernel.cu'</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">extra_cflags</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'-O2'</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">verbose</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="torch.utils.cpp_extension.load_inline">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">torch.utils.cpp_extension.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">load_inline</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cpp_sources</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cuda_sources</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">functions</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">extra_cflags</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">extra_cuda_cflags</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">extra_ldflags</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">extra_include_paths</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">build_directory</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">verbose</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">with_cuda</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">is_python_module</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">with_pytorch_error_handling</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">keep_intermediates</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">use_pch</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/torch/utils/cpp_extension.html#load_inline"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/v2.6.0/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py#L1578"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.load_inline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Load a PyTorch C++ extension just-in-time (JIT) from string sources.</p>
<p>This function behaves exactly like <a class="reference internal" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.load" title="torch.utils.cpp_extension.load"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a>, but takes its sources as
strings rather than filenames. These strings are stored to files in the
build directory, after which the behavior of <a class="reference internal" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.load_inline" title="torch.utils.cpp_extension.load_inline"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load_inline()</span></code></a> is
identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.load" title="torch.utils.cpp_extension.load"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/master/test/test_cpp_extensions_jit.py">the
tests</a>
for good examples of using this function.</p>
<p>Sources may omit two required parts of a typical non-inline C++ extension:
the necessary header includes, as well as the (pybind11) binding code. More
precisely, strings passed to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cpp_sources</span></code> are first concatenated into a
single <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.cpp</span></code> file. This file is then prepended with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">#include</span>
<span class="pre"><torch/extension.h></span></code>.</p>
<p>Furthermore, if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">functions</span></code> argument is supplied, bindings will be
automatically generated for each function specified. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">functions</span></code> can
either be a list of function names, or a dictionary mapping from function
names to docstrings. If a list is given, the name of each function is used
as its docstring.</p>
<p>The sources in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cuda_sources</span></code> are concatenated into a separate <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.cu</span></code>
file and prepended with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">torch/types.h</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cuda.h</span></code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cuda_runtime.h</span></code> includes. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.cpp</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.cu</span></code> files are compiled
separately, but ultimately linked into a single library. Note that no
bindings are generated for functions in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cuda_sources</span></code> per se. To bind
to a CUDA kernel, you must create a C++ function that calls it, and either
declare or define this C++ function in one of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cpp_sources</span></code> (and
include its name in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">functions</span></code>).</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.load" title="torch.utils.cpp_extension.load"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a> for a description of arguments omitted below.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>cpp_sources</strong> – A string, or list of strings, containing C++ source code.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>cuda_sources</strong> – A string, or list of strings, containing CUDA source code.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>functions</strong> – A list of function names for which to generate function
bindings. If a dictionary is given, it should map function names to
docstrings (which are otherwise just the function names).</p></li>
<li><p><strong>with_cuda</strong> – Determines whether CUDA headers and libraries are added to
the build. If set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> (default), this value is
automatically determined based on whether <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cuda_sources</span></code> is
provided. Set it to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> to force CUDA headers
and libraries to be included.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>with_pytorch_error_handling</strong> – Determines whether pytorch error and
warning macros are handled by pytorch instead of pybind. To do
this, each function <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo</span></code> is called via an intermediary <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_safe_foo</span></code>
function. This redirection might cause issues in obscure cases
of cpp. This flag should be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> when this redirect
causes issues.</p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="rubric">Example</p>
<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">torch.utils.cpp_extension</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">load_inline</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">source</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"""</span>
<span class="go">at::Tensor sin_add(at::Tensor x, at::Tensor y) {</span>
<span class="go"> return x.sin() + y.sin();</span>
<span class="go">}</span>
<span class="go">"""</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">module</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">load_inline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'inline_extension'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">cpp_sources</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">source</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'sin_add'</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Since load_inline will just-in-time compile the source code, please ensure
that you have the right toolchains installed in the runtime. For example,
when loading C++, make sure a C++ compiler is available. If you’re loading
a CUDA extension, you will need to additionally install the corresponding CUDA
toolkit (nvcc and any other dependencies your code has). Compiling toolchains
are not included when you install torch and must be additionally installed.</p>
<p>During compiling, by default, the Ninja backend uses #CPUS + 2 workers to build
the extension. This may use up too many resources on some systems. One
can control the number of workers by setting the <cite>MAX_JOBS</cite> environment
variable to a non-negative number.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="torch.utils.cpp_extension.include_paths">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">torch.utils.cpp_extension.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">include_paths</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">device_type</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">'cpu'</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/torch/utils/cpp_extension.html#include_paths"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/v2.6.0/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py#L1201"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.include_paths" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Get the include paths required to build a C++ or CUDA or SYCL extension.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>device_type</strong> (<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.13)"><em>str</em></a>) – Defaults to “cpu”.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>A list of include path strings.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Return type</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.List" title="(in Python v3.13)"><em>List</em></a>[<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.13)">str</a>]</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="torch.utils.cpp_extension.get_compiler_abi_compatibility_and_version">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">torch.utils.cpp_extension.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_compiler_abi_compatibility_and_version</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">compiler</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/torch/utils/cpp_extension.html#get_compiler_abi_compatibility_and_version"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/v2.6.0/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py#L374"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.get_compiler_abi_compatibility_and_version" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Determine if the given compiler is ABI-compatible with PyTorch alongside its version.</p>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>compiler</strong> (<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str" title="(in Python v3.13)"><em>str</em></a>) – The compiler executable name to check (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">g++</span></code>).
Must be executable in a shell process.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>A tuple that contains a boolean that defines if the compiler is (likely) ABI-incompatible with PyTorch,
followed by a <cite>TorchVersion</cite> string that contains the compiler version separated by dots.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Return type</dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Tuple" title="(in Python v3.13)"><em>Tuple</em></a>[<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool" title="(in Python v3.13)">bool</a>, <em>TorchVersion</em>]</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="torch.utils.cpp_extension.verify_ninja_availability">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">torch.utils.cpp_extension.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">verify_ninja_availability</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/torch/utils/cpp_extension.html#verify_ninja_availability"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/v2.6.0/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py#L1942"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.verify_ninja_availability" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Raise <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code> if <a class="reference external" href="https://ninja-build.org/">ninja</a> build system is not available on the system, does nothing otherwise.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="torch.utils.cpp_extension.is_ninja_available">
<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">torch.utils.cpp_extension.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_ninja_available</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="reference internal" href="_modules/torch/utils/cpp_extension.html#is_ninja_available"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/v2.6.0/torch/utils/cpp_extension.py#L1932"><span class="viewcode-link"><span class="pre">[source]</span></span></a><a class="headerlink" href="#torch.utils.cpp_extension.is_ninja_available" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the <a class="reference external" href="https://ninja-build.org/">ninja</a> build system is available on the system, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> otherwise.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
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