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<div class="section" id="reproducibility">
<h1>Reproducibility<a class="headerlink" href="#reproducibility" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Completely reproducible results are not guaranteed across PyTorch releases,
individual commits or different platforms. Furthermore, results need not be
reproducible between CPU and GPU executions, even when using identical seeds.</p>
<p>However, in order to make computations deterministic on your specific problem on
one specific platform and PyTorch release, there are a couple of steps to take.</p>
<p>There are two pseudorandom number generators involved in PyTorch, which you will
need to seed manually to make runs reproducible. Furthermore, you should ensure
that all other libraries your code relies on an which use random numbers also
use a fixed seed.</p>
<div class="section" id="pytorch">
<h2>PyTorch<a class="headerlink" href="#pytorch" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>You can use <a class="reference internal" href="../torch.html#torch.manual_seed" title="torch.manual_seed"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">torch.manual_seed()</span></code></a> to seed the RNG for all devices (both
CPU and CUDA):</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">torch</span>
<span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">manual_seed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>There are some PyTorch functions that use CUDA functions that can be a source
of non-determinism. One class of such CUDA functions are atomic operations,
in particular <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">atomicAdd</span></code>, where the order of parallel additions to the
same value is undetermined and, for floating-point variables, a source of
variance in the result. PyTorch functions that use <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">atomicAdd</span></code> in the forward
include <a class="reference internal" href="../tensors.html#torch.Tensor.index_add_" title="torch.Tensor.index_add_"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">torch.Tensor.index_add_()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../tensors.html#torch.Tensor.scatter_add_" title="torch.Tensor.scatter_add_"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">torch.Tensor.scatter_add_()</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="../torch.html#torch.bincount" title="torch.bincount"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">torch.bincount()</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>A number of operations have backwards that use <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">atomicAdd</span></code>, in particular
<a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#torch.nn.functional.embedding_bag" title="torch.nn.functional.embedding_bag"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">torch.nn.functional.embedding_bag()</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="../nn.html#torch.nn.functional.ctc_loss" title="torch.nn.functional.ctc_loss"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">torch.nn.functional.ctc_loss()</span></code></a> and many forms of pooling, padding, and sampling.
There currently is no simple way of avoiding non-determinism in these functions.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="cudnn">
<h2>CuDNN<a class="headerlink" href="#cudnn" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>When running on the CuDNN backend, two further options must be set:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backends</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cudnn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">deterministic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backends</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cudnn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">benchmark</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last">Deterministic mode can have a performance impact, depending on your model.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="numpy">
<h2>Numpy<a class="headerlink" href="#numpy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you or any of the libraries you are using rely on Numpy, you should seed the
Numpy RNG as well. This can be done with:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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