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<div class="sphx-glr-example-title section" id="libsvm-gui">
<span id="sphx-glr-auto-examples-applications-svm-gui-py"></span><h1>Libsvm GUI<a class="headerlink" href="#libsvm-gui" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>A simple graphical frontend for Libsvm mainly intended for didactic
purposes. You can create data points by point and click and visualize
the decision region induced by different kernels and parameter settings.</p>
<p>To create positive examples click the left mouse button; to create
negative examples click the right button.</p>
<p>If all examples are from the same class, it uses a one-class SVM.</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">__future__</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">division</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">print_function</span>

<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="vm">__doc__</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="c1"># Author: Peter Prettenhoer &lt;peter.prettenhofer@gmail.com&gt;</span>
<span class="c1">#</span>
<span class="c1"># License: BSD 3 clause</span>

<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib</span>
<a href="https://matplotlib.org/api/matplotlib_configuration_api.html#matplotlib.use" title="View documentation for matplotlib.use"><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">use</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;TkAgg&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="https://matplotlib.org/api/backend_tkagg_api.html#matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg.FigureCanvasTkAgg" title="View documentation for matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg.FigureCanvasTkAgg"><span class="n">FigureCanvasTkAgg</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="https://matplotlib.org/api/backend_tkagg_api.html#matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg.NavigationToolbar2TkAgg" title="View documentation for matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg.NavigationToolbar2TkAgg"><span class="n">NavigationToolbar2TkAgg</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.figure</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.figure.Figure"><span class="n">Figure</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.contour</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="https://matplotlib.org/api/contour_api.html#matplotlib.contour.ContourSet" title="View documentation for matplotlib.contour.ContourSet"><span class="n">ContourSet</span></a>

<span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">tkinter</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">Tk</span>
<span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">ImportError</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="c1"># Backward compat for Python 2</span>
    <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">Tkinter</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">Tk</span>

<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>

<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">svm</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.datasets</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.datasets.dump_svmlight_file.html#sklearn.datasets.dump_svmlight_file" title="View documentation for sklearn.datasets.dump_svmlight_file"><span class="n">dump_svmlight_file</span></a>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">sklearn.externals.six.moves</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nb">xrange</span>

<span class="n">y_min</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_max</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">50</span>
<span class="n">x_min</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x_max</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">50</span>


<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;The Model which hold the data. It implements the</span>
<span class="sd">    observable in the observer pattern and notifies the</span>
<span class="sd">    registered observers on change event.</span>
<span class="sd">    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">observers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">surface</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">None</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cls</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">None</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">surface_type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">changed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Notify the observers. &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">observer</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">observers</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="n">observer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">add_observer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">observer</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Register an observer. &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">observers</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">observer</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">set_surface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">surface</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">surface</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">surface</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">dump_svmlight_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">file</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.array.html#numpy.array" title="View documentation for numpy.array"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">X</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
        <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
        <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.datasets.dump_svmlight_file.html#sklearn.datasets.dump_svmlight_file" title="View documentation for sklearn.datasets.dump_svmlight_file"><span class="n">dump_svmlight_file</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">file</span><span class="p">)</span>


<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Controller</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">model</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IntVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">surface_type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IntVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="c1"># Whether or not a model has been fitted</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fitted</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">False</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">fit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;fit the model&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">train</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.array.html#numpy.array" title="View documentation for numpy.array"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">X</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">train</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
        <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">train</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>

        <span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">complexity</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">())</span>
        <span class="n">gamma</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gamma</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">())</span>
        <span class="n">coef0</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">coef0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">())</span>
        <span class="n">degree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">())</span>
        <span class="n">kernel_map</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;linear&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;rbf&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;poly&quot;</span><span class="p">}</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.unique.html#numpy.unique" title="View documentation for numpy.unique"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unique</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="n">clf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.svm.OneClassSVM.html#sklearn.svm.OneClassSVM" title="View documentation for sklearn.svm.OneClassSVM"><span class="n">svm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">OneClassSVM</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">kernel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">kernel_map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()],</span>
                                  <span class="n">gamma</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">gamma</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">coef0</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">coef0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">degree</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">degree</span><span class="p">)</span>
            <span class="n">clf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="n">clf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.svm.SVC.html#sklearn.svm.SVC" title="View documentation for sklearn.svm.SVC"><span class="n">svm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SVC</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">kernel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">kernel_map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()],</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">,</span>
                          <span class="n">gamma</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">gamma</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">coef0</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">coef0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">degree</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">degree</span><span class="p">)</span>
            <span class="n">clf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">hasattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">clf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;score&#39;</span><span class="p">):</span>
            <span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Accuracy:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">score</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">X1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">X2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decision_surface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">clf</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">clf</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_surface</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">X1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">X2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Z</span><span class="p">))</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">surface_type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">surface_type</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fitted</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">True</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">changed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;surface&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">decision_surface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">cls</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">delta</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
        <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange" title="View documentation for numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x_min</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x_max</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">delta</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">delta</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange" title="View documentation for numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_min</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_max</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">delta</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">delta</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">X1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">X2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.meshgrid.html#numpy.meshgrid" title="View documentation for numpy.meshgrid"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">meshgrid</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">cls</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">decision_function</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.c_.html#numpy.c_" title="View documentation for numpy.c_"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_</span></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">X1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ravel</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">X2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ravel</span><span class="p">()])</span>
        <span class="n">Z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Z</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">X1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">X2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Z</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">clear_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fitted</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">False</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">changed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;clear&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">add_example</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="p">))</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">changed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;example_added&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="c1"># update decision surface if already fitted.</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">refit</span><span class="p">()</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">refit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Refit the model if already fitted. &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fitted</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fit</span><span class="p">()</span>


<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">View</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Test docstring. &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">controller</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.figure.Figure.html#matplotlib.figure.Figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.figure.Figure"><span class="n">Figure</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">111</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xticks</span><span class="p">([])</span>
        <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_yticks</span><span class="p">([])</span>
        <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlim</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">x_min</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x_max</span><span class="p">))</span>
        <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylim</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">y_min</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y_max</span><span class="p">))</span>
        <span class="n">canvas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://matplotlib.org/api/backend_tkagg_api.html#matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg.FigureCanvasTkAgg" title="View documentation for matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg.FigureCanvasTkAgg"><span class="n">FigureCanvasTkAgg</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">master</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_tk_widget</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TOP</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fill</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BOTH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">expand</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_tkcanvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TOP</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fill</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BOTH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">expand</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mpl_connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;button_press_event&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">onclick</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">toolbar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://matplotlib.org/api/backend_tkagg_api.html#matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg.NavigationToolbar2TkAgg" title="View documentation for matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg.NavigationToolbar2TkAgg"><span class="n">NavigationToolbar2TkAgg</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">canvas</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">root</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">toolbar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">controllbar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ControllBar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">controller</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">f</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">canvas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">canvas</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">controller</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">controller</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contours</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_labels</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">None</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot_kernels</span><span class="p">()</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">plot_kernels</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Linear: $u^T v$&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;RBF: $\exp (-\gamma \| u-v \|^2)$&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Poly: $(\gamma \, u^T v + r)^d$&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">onclick</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xdata</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ydata</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">button</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_example</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xdata</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ydata</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
            <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">button</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span>
                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_example</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xdata</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ydata</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">update_example</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">]</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="n">color</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;w&#39;</span>
        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="n">color</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;k&#39;</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">o&quot;</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">scalex</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">scaley</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;examples_loaded&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">xrange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)):</span>
                <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update_example</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;example_added&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update_example</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;clear&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clear</span><span class="p">()</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xticks</span><span class="p">([])</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_yticks</span><span class="p">([])</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contours</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">c_labels</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">None</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot_kernels</span><span class="p">()</span>

        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">event</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;surface&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove_surface</span><span class="p">()</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot_support_vectors</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">support_vectors_</span><span class="p">)</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot_decision_surface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">surface</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">surface_type</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">draw</span><span class="p">()</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">remove_surface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Remove old decision surface.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contours</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">contour</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contours</span><span class="p">:</span>
                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">contour</span><span class="p">,</span> <a href="https://matplotlib.org/api/contour_api.html#matplotlib.contour.ContourSet" title="View documentation for matplotlib.contour.ContourSet"><span class="n">ContourSet</span></a><span class="p">):</span>
                    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">lineset</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">contour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">collections</span><span class="p">:</span>
                        <span class="n">lineset</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">()</span>
                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
                    <span class="n">contour</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">()</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contours</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">plot_support_vectors</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">support_vectors</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;Plot the support vectors by placing circles over the</span>
<span class="sd">        corresponding data points and adds the circle collection</span>
<span class="sd">        to the contours list.&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
        <span class="n">cs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">scatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">support_vectors</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">support_vectors</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span>
                             <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">edgecolors</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;k&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">facecolors</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;none&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contours</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cs</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">plot_decision_surface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">surface</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">X1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">X2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">surface</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="n">levels</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">]</span>
            <span class="n">linestyles</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;dashed&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;solid&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;dashed&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
            <span class="n">colors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;k&#39;</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contours</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contour</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">X2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Z</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">levels</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                                 <span class="n">colors</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">colors</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                                 <span class="n">linestyles</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">linestyles</span><span class="p">))</span>
        <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contours</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contourf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">X2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Z</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                                  <span class="n">cmap</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">matplotlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bone</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                                  <span class="n">origin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;lower&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.85</span><span class="p">))</span>
            <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contours</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">contour</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">X1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">X2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Z</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">colors</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;k&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                                 <span class="n">linestyles</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;solid&#39;</span><span class="p">]))</span>
        <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;surface type unknown&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>


<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ControllBar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">controller</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">fm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">kernel_group</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fm</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Radiobutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">kernel_group</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Linear&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">refit</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">W</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Radiobutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">kernel_group</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;RBF&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">refit</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">W</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Radiobutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">kernel_group</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Poly&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">kernel</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">refit</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">W</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">kernel_group</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="n">valbox</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fm</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">complexity</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">complexity</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;1.0&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">valbox</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;C:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;e&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">textvariable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">complexity</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span>
            <span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>

        <span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gamma</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gamma</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;0.01&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">g</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">valbox</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">g</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;gamma:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;e&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">g</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">textvariable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gamma</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>

        <span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;3&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">valbox</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;degree:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;e&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">textvariable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">degree</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>

        <span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">coef0</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">coef0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;0&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">valbox</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;coef0:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;e&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">textvariable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">coef0</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">valbox</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="n">cmap_group</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fm</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Radiobutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmap_group</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Hyperplanes&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">surface_type</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">refit</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">W</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Radiobutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cmap_group</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Surface&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">surface_type</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">refit</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">W</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="n">cmap_group</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="n">train_button</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;Fit&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                 <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fit</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">train_button</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">fm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;Clear&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span>
                  <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clear_data</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">)</span>


<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_parser</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">optparse</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">OptionParser</span>
    <span class="n">op</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">OptionParser</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_option</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;--output&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                  <span class="n">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;store&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;str&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dest</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;output&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                  <span class="n">help</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Path where to dump data.&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">op</span>


<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="n">op</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">get_parser</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="n">opts</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">op</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parse_args</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:])</span>
    <span class="n">root</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tk</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Model</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="n">controller</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Controller</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">root</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wm_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Scikit-learn Libsvm GUI&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">view</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">View</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">controller</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_observer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">view</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mainloop</span><span class="p">()</span>

    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">opts</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><a href="../../modules/generated/sklearn.datasets.dump_svmlight_file.html#sklearn.datasets.dump_svmlight_file" title="View documentation for sklearn.datasets.dump_svmlight_file"><span class="n">dump_svmlight_file</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">opts</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;__main__&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">)</span>
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