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<h2 class="title"><a id="_executing_searches"></a>Executing Searches<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/edit/2.0/docs/reference/getting-started.asciidoc">edit</a></h2>
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<p>Now that we have seen a few of the basic search parameters, let&#8217;s dig in some more into the Query DSL. Let&#8217;s first take a look at the returned document fields. By default, the full JSON document is returned as part of all searches. This is referred to as the source (<code class="literal">_source</code> field in the search hits). If we don&#8217;t want the entire source document returned, we have the ability to request only a few fields from within source to be returned.</p>
<p>This example shows how to return two fields, <code class="literal">account_number</code> and <code class="literal">balance</code> (inside of <code class="literal">_source</code>), from the search:</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sh">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sh">curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
{
  "query": { "match_all": {} },
  "_source": ["account_number", "balance"]
}'</pre>
</div>
<p>Note that the above example simply reduces the <code class="literal">_source</code> field. It will still only return one field named <code class="literal">_source</code> but within it, only the fields <code class="literal">account_number</code> and <code class="literal">balance</code> are included.</p>
<p>If you come from a SQL background, the above is somewhat similar in concept to the <code class="literal">SQL SELECT FROM</code> field list.</p>
<p>Now let&#8217;s move on to the query part. Previously, we&#8217;ve seen how the <code class="literal">match_all</code> query is used to match all documents. Let&#8217;s now introduce a new query called the <a class="xref" href="query-dsl-match-query.html" title="Match Query"><code class="literal">match</code> query</a>, which can be thought of as a basic fielded search query (i.e. a search done against a specific field or set of fields).</p>
<p>This example returns the account numbered 20:</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sh">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sh">curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
{
  "query": { "match": { "account_number": 20 } }
}'</pre>
</div>
<p>This example returns all accounts containing the term "mill" in the address:</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sh">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sh">curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
{
  "query": { "match": { "address": "mill" } }
}'</pre>
</div>
<p>This example returns all accounts containing the term "mill" or "lane" in the address:</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sh">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sh">curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
{
  "query": { "match": { "address": "mill lane" } }
}'</pre>
</div>
<p>This example is a variant of <code class="literal">match</code> (<code class="literal">match_phrase</code>) that returns all accounts containing the phrase "mill lane" in the address:</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sh">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sh">curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
{
  "query": { "match_phrase": { "address": "mill lane" } }
}'</pre>
</div>
<p>Let&#8217;s now introduce the <a class="xref" href="query-dsl-bool-query.html" title="Bool Query"><code class="literal">bool</code>(ean) query</a>. The <code class="literal">bool</code> query allows us to compose smaller queries into bigger queries using boolean logic.</p>
<p>This example composes two <code class="literal">match</code> queries and returns all accounts containing "mill" and "lane" in the address:</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sh">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sh">curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        { "match": { "address": "mill" } },
        { "match": { "address": "lane" } }
      ]
    }
  }
}'</pre>
</div>
<p>In the above example, the <code class="literal">bool must</code> clause specifies all the queries that must be true for a document to be considered a match.</p>
<p>In contrast, this example composes two <code class="literal">match</code> queries and returns all accounts containing "mill" or "lane" in the address:</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sh">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sh">curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        { "match": { "address": "mill" } },
        { "match": { "address": "lane" } }
      ]
    }
  }
}'</pre>
</div>
<p>In the above example, the <code class="literal">bool should</code> clause specifies a list of queries either of which must be true for a document to be considered a match.</p>
<p>This example composes two <code class="literal">match</code> queries and returns all accounts that contain neither "mill" nor "lane" in the address:</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sh">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sh">curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        { "match": { "address": "mill" } },
        { "match": { "address": "lane" } }
      ]
    }
  }
}'</pre>
</div>
<p>In the above example, the <code class="literal">bool must_not</code> clause specifies a list of queries none of which must be true for a document to be considered a match.</p>
<p>We can combine <code class="literal">must</code>, <code class="literal">should</code>, and <code class="literal">must_not</code> clauses simultaneously inside a <code class="literal">bool</code> query. Furthermore, we can compose <code class="literal">bool</code> queries inside any of these <code class="literal">bool</code> clauses to mimic any complex multi-level boolean logic.</p>
<p>This example returns all accounts of anybody who is 40 years old but don&#8217;t live in ID(aho):</p>
<div class="pre_wrapper lang-sh">
<pre class="programlisting prettyprint lang-sh">curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/_search?pretty' -d '
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        { "match": { "age": "40" } }
      ],
      "must_not": [
        { "match": { "state": "ID" } }
      ]
    }
  }
}'</pre>
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