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<h2 class="title"><a id="_distributed_nature"></a>Distributed Nature<a class="edit_me edit_me_private" rel="nofollow" title="Editing on GitHub is available to Elastic" href="https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch-definitive-guide/edit/2.x/010_Intro/45_Distributed.asciidoc">edit</a></h2>
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<p>At the beginning of this chapter, we said that Elasticsearch can scale out to
hundreds (or even thousands) of servers and handle petabytes of data. While
our tutorial gave examples of how to use Elasticsearch, it didn’t touch on the
mechanics at all. Elasticsearch is distributed by nature, and it is designed
to hide the complexity that comes with being distributed.</p>
<p>The distributed aspect of Elasticsearch is largely transparent. Nothing in
the tutorial required you to know about distributed systems, sharding, cluster
discovery, or dozens of other distributed concepts. It happily ran the
tutorial on a single node living inside your laptop, but if you were to run
the tutorial on a cluster containing 100 nodes, everything would work in
exactly the same way.</p>
<p>Elasticsearch tries hard to hide the complexity of distributed systems. Here are some of
the operations happening automatically under the hood:</p>
<div class="ulist itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist">
<li class="listitem">
Partitioning your documents into different containers or <em>shards</em>, which
can be stored on a single node or on multiple nodes
</li>
<li class="listitem">
Balancing these shards across the nodes in your cluster to spread the
indexing and search load
</li>
<li class="listitem">
Duplicating each shard to provide redundant copies of your data, to
prevent data loss in case of hardware failure
</li>
<li class="listitem">
Routing requests from any node in the cluster to the nodes that hold the
data you’re interested in
</li>
<li class="listitem">
Seamlessly integrating new nodes as your cluster grows or redistributing
shards to recover from node loss
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>As you read through this book, you’ll encounter supplemental chapters about the
distributed nature of Elasticsearch. These chapters will teach you about
how the cluster scales and deals with failover (<a class="xref" href="distributed-cluster.html" title="Life Inside a Cluster"><em>Life Inside a Cluster</em></a>),
handles document storage (<a class="xref" href="distributed-docs.html" title="Distributed Document Store"><em>Distributed Document Store</em></a>), executes distributed search
(<a class="xref" href="distributed-search.html" title="Distributed Search Execution"><em>Distributed Search Execution</em></a>), and what a shard is and how it works
(<a class="xref" href="inside-a-shard.html" title="Inside a Shard"><em>Inside a Shard</em></a>).</p>
<p>These chapters are not required reading—​you can use Elasticsearch without
understanding these internals—​but they will provide insight that will make
your knowledge of Elasticsearch more complete. Feel free to skip them and
revisit at a later point when you need a more complete understanding.</p>
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