scrn.c

/* These define our textpointer, our background and foreground
*  colors (attributes), and x and y cursor coordinates */
unsigned short *textmemptr;
int attrib = 0x0F;
int csr_x = 0, csr_y = 0;

/* Scrolls the screen */
void scroll(void)
{
    unsigned blank, temp;

    /* A blank is defined as a space... we need to give it
    *  backcolor too */
    blank = 0x20 | (attrib << 8);

    /* Row 25 is the end, this means we need to scroll up */
    if(csr_y >= 25)
    {
        /* Move the current text chunk that makes up the screen
        *  back in the buffer by a line */
        temp = csr_y - 25 + 1;
        memcpy (textmemptr, textmemptr + temp * 80, (25 - temp) * 80 * 2);

        /* Finally, we set the chunk of memory that occupies
        *  the last line of text to our 'blank' character */
        memsetw (textmemptr + (25 - temp) * 80, blank, 80);
        csr_y = 25 - 1;
    }
}

/* Updates the hardware cursor: the little blinking line
*  on the screen under the last character pressed! */
void move_csr(void)
{
    unsigned temp;

    /* The equation for finding the index in a linear
    *  chunk of memory can be represented by:
    *  Index = [(y * width) + x] */
    temp = csr_y * 80 + csr_x;

    /* This sends a command to indicies 14 and 15 in the
    *  CRT Control Register of the VGA controller. These
    *  are the high and low bytes of the index that show
    *  where the hardware cursor is to be 'blinking'. To
    *  learn more, you should look up some VGA specific
    *  programming documents. A great start to graphics:
    *  http://www.brackeen.com/home/vga */
    outportb(0x3D4, 14);
    outportb(0x3D5, temp >> 8);
    outportb(0x3D4, 15);
    outportb(0x3D5, temp);
}

/* Clears the screen */
void cls()
{
    unsigned blank;
    int i;

    /* Again, we need the 'short' that will be used to
    *  represent a space with color */
    blank = 0x20 | (attrib << 8);

    /* Sets the entire screen to spaces in our current
    *  color */
    for(i = 0; i < 25; i++)
        memsetw (textmemptr + i * 80, blank, 80);

    /* Update out virtual cursor, and then move the
    *  hardware cursor */
    csr_x = 0;
    csr_y = 0;
    move_csr();
}

/* Puts a single character on the screen */
void putch(unsigned char c)
{
    unsigned short *where;
    unsigned att = attrib << 8;

     /*Backspace Code*/
    if(c == 0x08)
    {
        if(csr_x != 0) csr_x--;
    }
  
    else if(c == 0x09)
    {
        csr_x = (csr_x + 8) & ~(8 - 1);
    }
    /* Handles a 'Carriage Return', which simply brings the
    *  cursor back to the margin */
    else if(c == '\r')
    {
        csr_x = 0;
    }
    /* We handle our newlines the way DOS and the BIOS do: we
    *  treat it as if a 'CR' was also there, so we bring the
    *  cursor to the margin and we increment the 'y' value */
    else if(c == '\n')
    {
        csr_x = 0;
        csr_y++;
    }
    /* Any character greater than and including a space, is a
    *  printable character. The equation for finding the index
    *  in a linear chunk of memory can be represented by:
    *  Index = [(y * width) + x] */
    else if(c >= ' ')
    {
        where = textmemptr + (csr_y * 80 + csr_x);
        *where = c | att;	/* Character AND attributes: color */
        csr_x++;
    }

    /* If the cursor has reached the edge of the screen's width, we
    *  insert a new line in there */
    if(csr_x >= 80)
    {
        csr_x = 0;
        csr_y++;
    }

    /* Scroll the screen if needed, and finally move the cursor */
    scroll();
    move_csr();
}

/* Uses the above routine to output a string... */

void puts(unsigned char *text)
{
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < strlen(text); i++)
    {
        putch(text[i]);
    }
}

void putdec(unsigned int n)
{
	/* Statistically, we do NOT expect this to be 0 */
	if(__builtin_expect((n<1), 0))
	{
		putch('0');
		return;
	}
	else
	{
   	 	char c[32];
    		int i = 0;
    		while (n > 0)

    		{
        		c[i] = '0' + (n%10);
        		n /= 10;
        		i++;
    		}
    		c[i] = 0;

    		char c2[i+1];
   		 c2[i--] = 0;
    		int j = 0;
    		while(i >= 0)
    		{
        		c2[i--] = c[j++];
    		}
    		puts(c2);	
	}
	
}

void puthex(unsigned int n)
{
 	int tmp;

    puts("0x");
    int i;
	/* Chop our 32 bit type into groups of 4 and convert */
    for (i = 28; i > 0; i -= 4)
    {
        tmp = (n >> i) & 0xF;
  
        if (tmp >= 0xA)
        {
            putch (tmp-0xA+'a' );
        }
        else
        {
            putch( tmp+'0' );
        }
    }
  
    tmp = n & 0xF;
    if (tmp >= 0xA)
    {
        putch (tmp-0xA+'a');
    }
    else
    {
        putch (tmp+'0');
    }
}


void settextcolor(unsigned char forecolor, unsigned char backcolor)
{
    /* Top 4 bytes are the background, bottom 4 bytes
    *  are the foreground color */
    attrib = (backcolor << 4) | (forecolor & 0x0F);
}


void init_video(void)
{
    textmemptr = (unsigned short *)0xB8000;
    cls();
}