-- sanity check of system catalog SELECT attrelid, attname, attidentity FROM pg_attribute WHERE attidentity NOT IN ('', 'a', 'd'); CREATE TABLE itest1 (a int generated by default as identity, b text); CREATE TABLE itest2 (a bigint generated always as identity, b text); CREATE TABLE itest3 (a smallint generated by default as identity (start with 7 increment by 5), b text); ALTER TABLE itest3 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY; -- error SELECT table_name, column_name, column_default, is_nullable, is_identity, identity_generation, identity_start, identity_increment, identity_maximum, identity_minimum, identity_cycle FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'itest_' ORDER BY 1, 2; -- internal sequences should not be shown here SELECT sequence_name FROM information_schema.sequences WHERE sequence_name LIKE 'itest%'; CREATE TABLE itest4 (a int, b text); ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY; -- error, requires NOT NULL ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a SET NOT NULL; ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY; -- ok ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP NOT NULL; -- error, disallowed ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY; -- error, already set ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN b ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY; -- error, wrong data type -- for later ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN b SET DEFAULT ''; -- invalid column type CREATE TABLE itest_err_1 (a text generated by default as identity); -- duplicate identity CREATE TABLE itest_err_2 (a int generated always as identity generated by default as identity); -- cannot have default and identity CREATE TABLE itest_err_3 (a int default 5 generated by default as identity); -- cannot combine serial and identity CREATE TABLE itest_err_4 (a serial generated by default as identity); INSERT INTO itest1 DEFAULT VALUES; INSERT INTO itest1 DEFAULT VALUES; INSERT INTO itest2 DEFAULT VALUES; INSERT INTO itest2 DEFAULT VALUES; INSERT INTO itest3 DEFAULT VALUES; INSERT INTO itest3 DEFAULT VALUES; INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES; INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES; SELECT * FROM itest1; SELECT * FROM itest2; SELECT * FROM itest3 ORDER BY a; SELECT * FROM itest4; -- OVERRIDING tests INSERT INTO itest1 VALUES (10, 'xyz'); INSERT INTO itest1 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (10, 'xyz'); SELECT * FROM itest1 ORDER BY a; INSERT INTO itest2 VALUES (10, 'xyz'); INSERT INTO itest2 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (10, 'xyz'); SELECT * FROM itest2 ORDER BY a; -- UPDATE tests UPDATE itest1 SET a = 101 WHERE a = 1; UPDATE itest1 SET a = DEFAULT WHERE a = 2; SELECT * FROM itest1 ORDER BY a; UPDATE itest2 SET a = 101 WHERE a = 1; UPDATE itest2 SET a = DEFAULT WHERE a = 2; SELECT * FROM itest2 ORDER BY a; -- DROP IDENTITY tests ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY; ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY; -- error ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY IF EXISTS; -- noop INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES; -- fails because NOT NULL is not dropped ALTER TABLE itest4 ALTER COLUMN a DROP NOT NULL; INSERT INTO itest4 DEFAULT VALUES; SELECT * FROM itest4 ORDER BY a; -- check that sequence is removed SELECT sequence_name FROM itest4_a_seq; -- test views CREATE TABLE itest10 (a int generated by default as identity, b text); CREATE TABLE itest11 (a int generated always as identity, b text); CREATE VIEW itestv10 AS SELECT * FROM itest10; CREATE VIEW itestv11 AS SELECT * FROM itest11; INSERT INTO itestv10 DEFAULT VALUES; INSERT INTO itestv10 DEFAULT VALUES; INSERT INTO itestv11 DEFAULT VALUES; INSERT INTO itestv11 DEFAULT VALUES; SELECT * FROM itestv10; SELECT * FROM itestv11; INSERT INTO itestv10 VALUES (10, 'xyz'); INSERT INTO itestv10 OVERRIDING USER VALUE VALUES (11, 'xyz'); SELECT * FROM itestv10; INSERT INTO itestv11 VALUES (10, 'xyz'); INSERT INTO itestv11 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE VALUES (11, 'xyz'); SELECT * FROM itestv11; -- various ALTER COLUMN tests -- fail, not allowed for identity columns ALTER TABLE itest1 ALTER COLUMN a SET DEFAULT 1; -- fail, not allowed, already has a default CREATE TABLE itest5 (a serial, b text); ALTER TABLE itest5 ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY; ALTER TABLE itest3 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE int; SELECT seqtypid::regtype FROM pg_sequence WHERE seqrelid = 'itest3_a_seq'::regclass; \d itest3 ALTER TABLE itest3 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE text; -- error -- ALTER COLUMN ... SET CREATE TABLE itest6 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text); INSERT INTO itest6 DEFAULT VALUES; ALTER TABLE itest6 ALTER COLUMN a SET GENERATED BY DEFAULT SET INCREMENT BY 2 SET START WITH 100 RESTART; INSERT INTO itest6 DEFAULT VALUES; INSERT INTO itest6 DEFAULT VALUES; SELECT * FROM itest6 ORDER BY a; SELECT table_name, column_name, is_identity, identity_generation FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'itest6'; ALTER TABLE itest6 ALTER COLUMN b SET INCREMENT BY 2; -- fail, not identity -- prohibited direct modification of sequence ALTER SEQUENCE itest6_a_seq OWNED BY NONE; -- inheritance CREATE TABLE itest7 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY); INSERT INTO itest7 DEFAULT VALUES; SELECT * FROM itest7; -- identity property is not inherited CREATE TABLE itest7a (b text) INHERITS (itest7); -- make column identity in child table CREATE TABLE itest7b (a int); CREATE TABLE itest7c (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY) INHERITS (itest7b); INSERT INTO itest7c DEFAULT VALUES; SELECT * FROM itest7c; CREATE TABLE itest7d (a int not null); CREATE TABLE itest7e () INHERITS (itest7d); ALTER TABLE itest7d ALTER COLUMN a ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY; ALTER TABLE itest7d ADD COLUMN b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY; -- error SELECT table_name, column_name, is_nullable, is_identity, identity_generation FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name LIKE 'itest7%' ORDER BY 1, 2; -- These ALTER TABLE variants will not recurse. ALTER TABLE itest7 ALTER COLUMN a SET GENERATED BY DEFAULT; ALTER TABLE itest7 ALTER COLUMN a RESTART; ALTER TABLE itest7 ALTER COLUMN a DROP IDENTITY; -- privileges CREATE USER regress_user1; CREATE TABLE itest8 (a int GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, b text); GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON itest8 TO regress_user1; SET ROLE regress_user1; INSERT INTO itest8 DEFAULT VALUES; SELECT * FROM itest8; RESET ROLE; DROP TABLE itest8; DROP USER regress_user1;