Hydrogen peroxide (H O ) has exhibited huge application value in many fields including chemical synthesis, medicine, environmental remediation, and fuel cells. Traditional anthraquinone method for H O commercial production has emerged the drawbacks of toxicity, H consumption and high energy input. Photocatalytic production of H O , which only requires water, oxygen, solar light and catalyst, is a novel and green technique, and potentially becomes one of the substitutes for anthraquinone method. Herein, we comprehensively review the research progress in the reported semiconductor catalysts, their modification strategies, as well as the related photocatalysis systems and mechanisms for the light driven H O production. In detail, the photocatalysts are introduced from different families including ZnO, g-C N , TiO , metal complexes, metal sulfides, Bi containing semiconductors, and carbon materials. In the meantime, their modification strategies are systematically evaluated aiming at the improvement in the structures and the photoelectrical properties of semiconductors, as well as their effective activation of molecular O , and inhibition of H O decomposition. Finally, this review is concluded with a brief summary and outlook, and the major challenges for the development of photocatalytic H O production over the emerging semiconductor photocatalysts. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 2

We are now in the multicore revolution which is witnessing a rapid evolution of architectural designs due to power constraints and correspondingly limited microprocessor clock speeds. Understanding how to efficiently utilize these systems in the context of demanding numerical algorithms is an urgent challenge to meet the ever growing computational needs of high-end computing. In this work, we examine multicore parallel optimization of the particle-to-grid interpolation step in particle-mesh methods, an inherently complex optimization problem due to its low computation intensity, irregular data accesses, and potential fine-grained data hazards. Our evaluated kernels are derived from two important numerical computations: a biological simulation of the heart using the Immersed Boundary (IB) method, and a Gyrokinetic Particle-in-Cell (PIC)-based application for studying fusion plasma microturbulence. We develop several novel synchronization and grid decomposition schemes, as well as low-level optimization techniques to maximize performance on three modern multicore platforms: Intel's Xeon X5550 (Nehalem), AMD's Opteron 2356 (Barcelona), and Sun's UltraSparc T2+ (Niagara). Results show that our optimizations lead to significant performance improvements, achieving up to a 5.6× speedup compared to the reference parallel implementation. Our work also provides valuable insight into the design of future autotuning frameworks for particle-to-grid interpolation on next-generation systems. © 1990-2012 IEEE.

The dehydrogenation of 2,3-butanediol (BDO) to 3-hydroxybutanone (HBO) was studies over Li cation-doped CuZnAl catalysts. The catalyst samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, H -TPR and SEM techniques. The characterization results showing that doping with Li cation obviously modified the surface morphology of CuZnAl catalysts; decreased the reduction temperature of CuZnAl catalysts; and finally increased the amount of Cu active sites. The reaction results showing that, Li modified CuZnAl catalysts obviously enhanced the selectivity of the dehydrogenation of BDO to HBO by inhibiting the dehydration of BDO. The Li(2%)–Cu(44%)–Zn(38%)–Al(16%) exhibited the highest activity for dehydrogenation of BDO, with the conversion rate of BDO is 72.4% and the selectivity of HBO is 95.9% at 260 °C. This catalyst shows excellent stability for more than 100 h without significant deactivation. 2

We describe the rationale behind the design of key features of Titanium-an explicitly parallel dialect of Java for high-performance scientific programming-and our experiences in building applications with the language. Specifically, we address Titanium's partitioned global address space model, single program multiple data parallelism support, multi-dimensional arrays and array-index calculus, memory management, immutable classes (class-like types that are value types rather than reference types), operator overloading, and generic programming. We provide an overview of the Titanium compiler implementation, covering various parallel analyses and optimizations, Titanium runtime technology and the GASNet network communication layer. We summarize results and lessons learned from implementing the NAS parallel benchmarks, elliptic and hyperbolic solvers using adaptive mesh refinement, and several applications of the immersed boundary method. © 2007 SAGE Publications.

Titanium is a parallel programming language designed for high-performance scientific computing. It is based on Java and uses a Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) parallelism model with a Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS).

© 2014 Bunyavanich et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common disease whose genetic basis is incompletely explained. We report an integrated genomic analysis of allergic rhinitis. Methods. We performed genome wide associa

Objective

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many research studies were adapted, including our longitudinal study examining cognitive impairment (CI) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Cognitive testing was switched from in-person to virtual. This analysis aimed to determine if the administration method (in-person vs. virtual) of the ACR-neuropsychological battery (ACR-NB) affected participant cognitive performance and classification.

Methods

Data from our multi-visit, SLE CI study included demographic, clinical, and psychiatric characteristics, and the modified ACR-NB. Three analyses were undertaken for cognitive performance: (1) all visits, (2) non-CI group visits only and (3) intra-individual comparisons. A retrospective preferences questionnaire was given to participants who completed the ACR-NB both in-person and virtually.

Results

We analysed 328 SLE participants who had 801 visits (696 in-person and 105 virtual). Demographic, clinical, and psychiatric characteristics were comparable except for ethnicity, anxiety and disease-related damage. Across all three comparisons, six tests were consistently statistically significantly different. CI classification changed in 11/71 (15%) participants. 45% of participants preferred the virtual administration method and 33% preferred in-person.

Conclusions

Of the 19 tests in the ACR-NB, we identified one or more problems with eight (42%) tests when moving from in-person to virtual administration. As the use of virtual cognitive testing will likely increase, these issues need to be addressed - potentially by validating a virtual version of the ACR-NB. Until then, caution must be taken when directly comparing virtual to in-person test results. If future studies use a mixed administration approach, this should be accounted for during analysis.

Two decades have passed since the initiation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s research program aimed at advancing the understanding of estuary and ocean ecology of United States West Coast Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). In this review and prospectus, we summarize key findings from this program and describe a plan for transitioning it to better support Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM). While we focus on salmon research, our approach applies to research design generally. Our path forward involves increasing understanding of ecosystem processes to improve the dependability of scenario testing under novel conditions. Over the past two decades, we developed a conceptual model for how climate, predators, prey, fisheries, and human activities influence salmon. Knowledge gaps we identified from our conceptual model include limited understanding of salmon distributions, behavior, maturation dynamics, and population dynamics, and salmon interactions with predators, competitors, and prey during winter. We consider emerging risks and vulnerabilities facing salmon and propose analysis frameworks for evaluating them. Increased predator populations, coupled with climate change, pose increasing threats to West Coast salmon and will require new strategies and actions to mitigate their negative impacts. We propose research to support the development of decision-support tools to evaluate tradeoffs associated with alternative management strategies and to inform an adaptive ecosystem management system to improve the resilience of salmon populations and salmon-dependent fisheries.